Download or read book Skid Testing Proposed standard Pavement Surfaces written by John A. Apostolos and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standard Reference Pavement Surfaces for the Evaluation of Skid Test Equipment written by Sylvester Corwin Britton and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Skid Resistance of Pavement Surfaces Test Method for Measurement of Surface Skid Resistance Using the Griptester Braked Wheel Fixed Slip Device written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2000-09-15 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roads, Pavements (roads), Paved areas, Friction tests, Anti-slip surfaces, Runways, Road surfacing, Road signs, Pedestrian roads, Test equipment
Download or read book Guide for Pavement Friction written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2008 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements.
Download or read book New and Innovative Methods and Materials for Pavement Skid Resistance written by Bobby G. Page and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes an evaluation and classification of pavement surfaces with respect to skid resistance. The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey of agencies within and adjacent to California, and by testing and examination of 45 existing pavement surfaces. The test program included standard skid tests at two speeds and additional tests with a smooth tire at one speed. Surface textures were measured by stereophotographs to obtain a "texture profile". The approximate cost of the surface, the amount of traffic exposure, and vehicle accident data were included in the evaluation. The pavement surfaces were ranked on the basis of skid number, speed gradient, and texture.
Download or read book Evaluation of Pavement Friction Characteristics written by John Jewett Henry and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2000 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis report will be of interest to pavement design, construction, management, and research engineers, highway safety officials, and others concerned with pavement friction characteristics. It describes the current state of the practice and discusses the methods used for evaluating wet pavement friction characteristics of new and restored pavements. This synthesis reviews models used for measuring and evaluating friction and texture, causes for friction changes over time, and aggregate and mix design to provide adequate friction. Also presented are construction and surface restoration practices for providing good pavement surface characteristics. In addition, considerations of noise and ride quality are discussed when compromise may be required.
Download or read book Skid Test Trailer written by New York (State). Department of Public Works. Bureau of Physical Research and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Road and Airfield Surface Characteristics Test Methods Assessment of the Skid Resistance of a Road Pavement Surface by the Use of Dynamic Measuring Systems written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1910-06-30 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road surfacing, Roads, Airports, Surface properties, Surfaces, Pavements (roads), Friction tests, Construction materials, Surface water, Surface texture, Test equipment, Testing conditions
Download or read book Skid Resistance written by Delmar L. Bloem and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summary of Methods for Determinging the Skid Resistance of Pavement Surfaces written by Digvijai Singh and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Skid Resistance of Pavement Surfaces Sideway Force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roads, Pavements (roads), Paved areas, Friction tests, Test equipment, Testing conditions, Force measurement, Force, Sideways, Surface properties, Physical testing, Calibration, Test specimens, Specimen preparation, Reports, Precision, Equipment safety, Safety measures, Water, Runways
Download or read book Skid Resistance of Highway Pavements written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1973 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tire pavement Interaction Experimental Measurements and Modeling written by Mohammad O. Al-Assi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an adequate level of skid resistance is essential for the safety of motorists. Previous studies demonstrated that the number of crashes is reduced if pavements have sufficient friction, especially in wet conditions. Adequate pavement friction prevents the vehicle from sliding on the pavement surface and provides the grip needed to maintain control over the vehicle. The first phase of this study investigated experimentally the two major friction mechanisms (i.e., adhesion and hysteresis) that contribute to tire-pavement friction. It is postulated that the adhesion between rubber tires and pavements is highly influenced by the surface free energy. However, there are no previous studies carried out to investigate the adhesion between rubber tires and pavements using the surface free energy. The results demonstrated that adhesion friction can be quantified by measuring the surface free energy components of pavement surface aggregates and rubber materials. There was a fair correlation between the adhesive bond energy and the measured coefficient of friction. Higher adhesion between rubber materials and pavement surface provided higher friction. These results provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of rubber-pavement friction and verification of the relationship between adhesion and friction. In addition, there was a strong correlation between friction and rubber rheological properties. Rubber materials with lower modulus provided higher friction compared to those with higher modulus. These results explain the change in skid resistance with temperature throughout the year. The second phase of this study examined different factors that affect skid resistance of pavement surfaces. These parameters included macrotexture, microtexture, and driving speed. The macrotexture of the pavement is related to aggregate gradation of the mix or surface texture pattern. The microtexture is influenced by the roughness of the aggregate particles and their resistance to abrasion and polishing under traffic. This study proposed a new model that can be used to estimate the skid number at a given speed between 20 mph and 60 mph as a function of both macrotexture and microtexture of pavement surface. This model was developed based on the measured frictional characteristics of field test sections. The proposed model can be used if the full-scale friction tester is not available or cannot be used due to the limited length of the test section (e.g., bridge deck). In addition, the model provides a tool to the pavement engineers to ensure adequate skid resistance at various operation speeds during the mix design stage and before the mix is used in the field. A given mix design can be modified to improve its frictional characteristics at early stage which leads to cost savings often spent on the application of surface treatments. The third phase of this study utilized the close-range photogrammetry (CRP) technique to measure the pavement macrotexture and microtexture. Texture parameters were calculated from the collected and analyzed images of the pavement surface. The results of the CRP texture measurements were compared to standard test methods. The CRP texture measurements had excellent correlation with the standard methods; however, the CRP offers simple and accurate, yet inexpensive alternative to the current methods used to measure surface macrotexture and microtexture. In addition, the CRP texture parameters were incorporated in the Persson friction model to predict skid friction as a function of rubber properties. The results demonstrated excellent correlation between measured and predicted friction. This study greatly simplified the texture parameter calculations needed in the Persson friction model with good accuracy.The last component of this study developed a 3D finite element model to investigate the effect of surface characteristics along with rubber properties on the contact stress between the standard skid test tire and pavement surface. Such simulation provides an in-depth understanding of tire-pavement interaction that would require expensive resources to examine in the field. Study parameters included various coefficient of friction, texture (e.g., smooth, and grooved), tire rolling conditions (fully skidding and free rolling) as well as temperature. The developed 3D FE model of the test tire was first validated with laboratory measurements before it was used to examine the effect of the study parameters on tire-pavement contact stresses. The results of the finite element simulations demonstrated that the stress distribution at the tire-pavement interface is non-uniform with maximum values towards the edges of the tire. These findings were consistent with the wearing pattern of the test tire in the field. In addition, the results also demonstrated that the shear stresses increased with surface friction while there was no significant change in the vertical stresses. The grooved surface exhibited higher vertical and shear stresses compared to pavement with smooth texture. The grooved texture is used to improve skid resistance and reduce the noise of pavement surfaces. In addition, temperature was found to have significant impact on the stresses at the tire-pavement interface. The finite element simulation results agreed with the laboratory and field measurements of pavement friction.
Download or read book Tennessee s Inventory of Pavement Skid Resistance written by WA. Goodwin and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tennessee has been continuously engaged in skid resistance and corrective action research since 1952. A new program was initiated in July 1970 as a specific effort of inventorying the present skid resistant level of the State's primary highway system. The skid resistance level is measured with the University's two-wheel skid trailers that essentially meet the requirements of ASTM designation E 274 using the standard ASTM E 249 tire. The skid tests are performed on wetted pavements at a constant speed of 40 mph. Tests are conducted at intervals of approximately one-half mile or less in the inner wheel path of both lanes of the pavement. To date, 66 counties of the 95 counties within the State have been surveyed. This amounts to about 48 percent of the total rural highway mileage. For each test section base data on roadway goemetry, pavement surface characteristics, pavement type and date of construction, and the length of the test section are recorded for future evaluation.
Download or read book Road Test Research of Skid Resistant Bituminous Surfaces Final Report written by J. R. O'Leary and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Skid Resistance of Pavement Surfaces Side Way Force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1999-10-15 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roads, Pavements (roads), Paved areas, Friction tests, Test equipment, Testing conditions, Force measurement, Force, Sideways, Surface properties, Physical testing, Calibration, Test specimens, Specimen preparation, Reports, Precision, Equipment safety, Safety measures, Water, Runways
Download or read book Measurement Principles Applied to Skid Testing written by RR. Hegmon and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The real objective in skid testing is to determine the contribution of the pavement to tire-pavement friction. Friction force between a standard tire and the pavement is measured because there is, at present, no direct way of characterizing the pavement surface. Friction force depends on pavement and tire; therefore, the tire cannot properly be regarded as part of the measuring system. The skid tester, without tire, is discussed on principles of measurement techniques, and the conclusion is reached that statistical methods must be employed to compensate for the lack of precision in skid testing. Skid tester dynamics do not affect mean skid resistance; therefore, no basic design changes are required. Precision can be improved by tighter test procedures. These require improved training and awareness of operators, improved control of test speed, lateral position, and pavement watering.
