Download or read book Skew Effects on Passive Earth Pressures Based on Large scale Tests written by Shon Joseph Jessee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The passive force-deflection relationship for abutment walls is important for bridges subjected to thermal expansion and seismic forces, but no test results have been available for skewed abutments. To determine the influence of skew angle on the development of passive force, lab tests were performed on a wall with skew angles of 0o, 15o, 30o, and 45o. The wall was 1.26 m wide and 0.61 m high and the backfill consisted of dense compacted sand. As the skew angle increased, the passive force decreased substantially with a reduction of 50% at a skew of 30o. An adjustment factor was developed to account for the reduced capacity as a function of skew angle. The shape of the passive force-deflection curve leading to the peak force transitioned from a hyperbolic shape to a more bilinear shape as the skew angle increased. However, the horizontal displacement necessary to develop the peak passive force was typically 2 to 3.5% of the wall height. In all cases, the passive force decreased after the peak value, which would be expected for dense sand; however, at higher skew angles the drop in resistance was more abrupt than at lower skew angles. The residual passive force was typically about 35 to 45% lower relative to the peak force. Lateral movement was minimal due to shear resistance which typically exceeded the applied shear force. Computer models based on the log-spiral method, with apparent cohesion for matric suction, were able to match the measured force for the no skew case as well as the force for skewed cases when the proposed adjustment factor was used.
Download or read book Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structures written by Walid Aboumoussa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structures placed on hillsides often present a number of challenges and a limited number of economical choices for site design. An option sometimes employed is to use the building frame as a retaining element, comprising a Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structure (RFERS). The relationship between temperature and earth pressure acting on RFERS, is explored in this monograph through a 4.5 year monitoring program of a heavily instrumented in service structure. The data indicated that the coefficient of earth pressure behind the monitored RFERS had a strong linear correlation with temperature. The study also revealed that thermal cycles, rather than lateral earth pressure, were the cause of failure in many structural elements. The book demonstrates that depending on the relative stiffness of the retained soil mass and that of the structural frame, the developed lateral earth pressure, during thermal expansion, can reach magnitudes several times larger than those determined using classical earth pressure theories. Additionally, a nearly perpetual lateral displacement away from the retained soil mass may occur at the free end of the RFERS leading to unacceptable serviceability problems. These results suggest that reinforced concrete structures designed for the flexural stresses imposed by the backfill soil will be inadequately reinforced to resist stresses produced during the expansion cycles. Parametric studies of single and multi-story RFERS with varying geometries and properties are also presented to investigate the effects of structural stiffness on the displacement of RFERS and the lateral earth pressure developed in the soil mass. These studies can aid the reader in selecting appropriate values of lateral earth pressure for the design of RFERS. Finally, simplified closed form equations that can be used to predict the lateral drift of RFERS are presented. KEY WORDS: Earth Pressure; Soil-Structure Interaction; Mechanics; Failure; Distress; Temperature; Thermal Effects; Concrete; Coefficient of Thermal Expansion; Segmental Bridges; Jointless Bridges; Integral Bridges; Geotechnical Instrumentation; Finite Element Modeling; FEM; Numerical Modeling.
Download or read book Behavior of Pile supported Integral Abutments at Bridge Sites with Shallow Bedrock written by John G. DeLano and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Maine, there are often cases where the depth to bedrock prohibits integral abutments bridges from being used. The goal of this research is to determine the feasibility of constructing integral abutments in conditions that cannot provide the fixed support conditions that are traditionally assumed. A finite element model was created that incorporates realistic constitutive and surface interaction models.
Download or read book Large Scale Passive Force displacement and Dynamic Earth Pressure Experiments and Simulations written by Patrick Richard Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During strong earthquakes, foundation structures such as bridge abutments and pile caps mobilize resistance due to passive earth pressure. Dynamic earth pressure can also increase the demand placed on retaining walls during earthquake excitation. Current uncertainty in the passive earth pressure load-displacement behavior and the evaluation of dynamic earth pressure during earthquake excitation motivates the large scale experimental and numerical investigation presented in this dissertation. In the experimental investigations, a 2.15 m high, 5.6 m long, and 2.9 m wide dense, well-graded silty sand backfill is constructed behind a stiff vertical concrete wall inside a large soil container. First, the passive earth pressure load-displacement curve is recorded in two tests. From those tests, the peak passive resistance compares well with the theoretical predictions. Using the test data, a calibrated finite element (FE) model is employed to produce additional load-displacement curves for a wider range of practical applications. A spring model is also developed for representing the passive resistance in dynamic simulations. Next, dynamic earth pressure is measured in 26 events, as the soil container-wall-backfill configuration is subjected to shake table excitations. With peak input accelerations up to about 0.6 g, the earth pressure resultant force remains close to the static level. Small wall movements coupled with the high backfill stiffness and strength contribute to this favorable response. At higher input acceleration levels, the backfill shear strength is further mobilized, resulting in significant dynamic earth pressure increases. FE simulations support and demonstrate the experimental observations. Results show that accurate consideration of the retaining wall-backfill interaction may result in more realistic dynamic earth pressure predictions than the simplified analytical methods which are currently used in design. The unique combination of laboratory and large scale test data reveals interesting features regarding backfill soil shear strength. For instance, although the tested backfill soil had only 7% silty fines, cohesion contributed significantly to the passive resistance and helped to limit dynamic earth pressure. The backfill friction angle in the plane strain test configuration was also found to be relatively high, contributing favorably to the response under both passive and dynamic earth pressure loading.
Download or read book Integral Abutment Bridges written by Jonathan Kunin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Implementation of Improved Seismic Design and Retrofit Procedures for Bridge Abutments written by Geoffrey R. Martin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Interim Report Covering a 17 country Inventory written by International Road Federation and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theses on any subject submitted by the academic libraries in the UK and Ireland.
Download or read book The Indian Textile Journal written by Sorabji M. Rutnagur and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Constitutive Modeling of Geomaterials written by Teruo Nakai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-23 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Japanese Geotechnical Society 2016 publication awardWritten by a veteran geotechnical engineer with a long record of research discoveries, Constitutive Modeling of Geomaterials: Principles and Applications presents a simple and unified approach to modeling various features of geomaterials in general stress systems. The book
Download or read book Register of Research written by Great Britain. Department of the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
