Download or read book Introductory Review on Sirtuins in Biology Aging and Disease written by Leonard Guarente and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory Review on Sirtuins in Biology and Disease provides key insights for scientists and advanced students who need to understand sirtuins and the current research in this field. This book is ideal for pharmaceutical companies as they develop novel targets using sirtuins for metabolic diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative illnesses. Sirtuins are a diverse family of proteins, with several members in mammals. The functional diversity of sirtuins is rather broad, and they have been implicated in various central biological processes. Thus, they are also highly relevant in the context of various human diseases, from cancer to neurodegeneration. - Covers both the general and specific aspects of sirtuin proteins and their role in biology, aging and disease - Presents a top quality collection of leading experts who contribute on a wide range of sirtuin-related topics - Ideal resource for pharmaceutical companies as they develop novel targets using sirtuins for metabolic diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative illnesses

Download or read book Sirtuin Biology in Cancer and Metabolic Disease written by Kenneth Maiese and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sirtuin Biology in Cancer and Metabolic Disease: Cellular Pathways for Clinical Discovery offers a compelling and thought-provoking perspective for the examination of the intriguing biology of sirtuins that ties cancer and metabolic disease together and provides a critical platform for the development of sirtuin-based novel therapeutic strategies to effectively treat cancer and metabolic disorders with precision in order to minimize any potentially detrimental clinical outcomes. An exciting prospect for the development of innovative therapeutics for cancer and metabolic disorders involves sirtuins. Sirtuins are histone deacetylases that have an intricate role in the onset and development of cancer and metabolic disease. Implementing a translational medicine format, this innovative reference highlights the ability of sirtuins to oversee critical pathways that involve stem cell maintenance, cellular proliferation, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy that can impact cellular dysfunction and unchecked cellular growth that can occur during cancer and metabolic disease. Each chapter offers an intuitive perspective of advances on the application of sirtuin pathways for cancer and metabolic disease that will be become a "go-to" resource for a broad audience of scientists, physicians, pharmaceutical industry experts, nutritionists, and students. Chapters are authored by internationally recognized experts who elucidate the intimate relationship between cancer and metabolic disease that intersects with sirtuin pathways Presents the basic and clinical role of sirtuins in regard to cancer and metabolic disease Summarizes the multidiscipline views and publications for this exciting field of sirtuins for the development of new clinical treatments for cancer and metabolic disease Provides a vital foundation for a broad audience of healthcare providers, scientists, drug developers, and students in both clinical and research settings

Download or read book Sirtuins in Biology and Disease written by Tiago F. Outeiro and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sirtuins comprise a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes that have been shown to impact longevity in a number of eukaryotic organisms. Sir2 (Silent Information Regulator 2) was the first sirtuin protein discovered. The discovery that Sir2 requires NAD+ for its activity suggested a link between Sir2 activity and the phenomenon of caloric restriction in prolonging longevity. This link was strengthened by the observation that lifespan extension by caloric restriction requires Sir2 protein. Under conditions of caloric restriction, NAD+ levels are high, Sir2 is activated, and the rate of aging is decreased. These effects have been replicated in invertebrate organisms, where a close structural and functional homologue of Sir2 was found in C. elegans and Drosophila. The sirtuin-dependent effects on metabolism and ageing, observed in lower organisms, have ignited intensive investigation of their biological and therapeutic roles in mammals. There are seven known mammalian sirtuins, SIRTs 1-7, the most studied of which is SIRT1, a close structural and functional homologue of yeast Sir2. Enhancement of organismal longevity and other health-promoting effects of mammalian SIRT1 have frequently been attributed to the regulation of metabolism. A recognized molecular link between metabolism and aging stimulated a firestorm of investigations, aiming to combat metabolic and age-dependent human diseases. It has become clear, however, that the sirtuin family of proteins regulates a diverse repertoire of cellular functions in mammals. Mounting evidence implicating SIRT1 in important clinical indications, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease, suggest that modality as attractive therapeutic target. Subsequently, drug discovery and development, targeting sirtuin activation, has been intensified in the recent years. Despite rapid progress and accumulation of new data, the biological roles of other mammalian sirtuins have been less studied and remain poorly understood. There are several important questions that remain to be addressed. What are the functions of sirtuins in different cell types and tissues? Are all sirtuins involved in the regulation of metabolism and aging? What is the functional relationship between different sirtuins? What are the mechanisms of regulation of sirtuin activities? What is the role of sirtuins in disease and therapy? This issue aims to address these and other critical questions, relevant to Research Topic on sirtuin biology and therapeutics. To that end the issue solicits expert opinions of sirtuin research on structural biology, biochemistry, cell biology, animal genetics, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, and on areas of investigation studying human conditions, like diabetes, cancer, cardio-vascular, and neutodegeneration. Of particular interest are the new methods and assays to study sirtuins in various organisms and developing sirtuin-based therapeutics. Furthermore, we propose to encourage contributors to discuss new concepts and paradigms, and to express their perspectives on the future development of the sirtuin research field. Altogether, we believe this issue provides a unique opportunity for comprehensive and diverse coverage of the topic, and will be of broad interest for the journal’s readership.

Download or read book Histone Deacetylases the Biology and Clinical Implication written by Tso-Pang Yao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights work from many different labs that taught us abnormal HDACs potentially contribute to the development or progression of many human diseases including immune dysfunctions, heart disease, cancer, memory impairment, aging, and metabolic disorders.

Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.

Download or read book DNA Damage DNA Repair and Disease written by Miral Dizdaroglu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DNA of all organisms is constantly being damaged by endogenous and exogenous sources. Oxygen metabolism generates reactive species that can damage DNA, proteins and other organic compounds in living cells. Exogenous sources include ionizing and ultraviolet radiations, carcinogenic compounds and environmental toxins among others. The discovery of multiple DNA lesions and DNA repair mechanisms showed the involvement of DNA damage and DNA repair in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, most notably cancer. These books provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary area of DNA damage and DNA repair, and their relevance to disease pathology. Edited by recognised leaders in the field, this two-volume set is an appealing resource to a variety of readers including chemists, chemical biologists, geneticists, cancer researchers and drug discovery scientists.

Download or read book Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants written by Ismail Laher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this collection of illustrated reviews is to discuss the systems biology of free radicals and anti-oxidants. Free radical induced cellular damage in a variety of tissues and organs is reviewed, with detailed discussion of molecular and cellular mechanisms. The collection is aimed at those new to the field, as well as clinicians and scientists with long standing interests in free radical biology. A feature of this collection is that the material also brings insights into various diseases where free radicals are thought to play a role. There is extensive discussion of the success and limitations of the use of antioxidants in several clinical settings.

Download or read book Handbook of Nutrition Diet and Epigenetics written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.

Download or read book Epigenetics in Biology and Medicine written by Manel Esteller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-17 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anomalous epigenetic patterns touch many areas of study including biomedical, scientific, and industrial. With perspectives from international experts, this resource offers an all-inclusive overview of epigenetics, which bridge DNA information and function by regulating gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetics, in its

Download or read book Molecular Biology of Aging written by Leonard Guarente and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the major threads in the molecular genetics of aging, including genes that regulate aging, causes of aging, evolutionary theories of aging, and the relationship between diet and aging. Among specific topics covered are calorie restriction, mitochondria, sirtuins, telomeres, stem cells, and cancer.

Download or read book Lifespan written by David A. Sinclair and published by Atria Books. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “Brilliant and enthralling.”​ —The Wall Street Journal A paradigm-shifting book from an acclaimed Harvard Medical School scientist and one of Time’s most influential people. It’s a seemingly undeniable truth that aging is inevitable. But what if everything we’ve been taught to believe about aging is wrong? What if we could choose our lifespan? In this groundbreaking book, Dr. David Sinclair, leading world authority on genetics and longevity, reveals a bold new theory for why we age. As he writes: “Aging is a disease, and that disease is treatable.” This eye-opening and provocative work takes us to the frontlines of research that is pushing the boundaries on our perceived scientific limitations, revealing incredible breakthroughs—many from Dr. David Sinclair’s own lab at Harvard—that demonstrate how we can slow down, or even reverse, aging. The key is activating newly discovered vitality genes, the descendants of an ancient genetic survival circuit that is both the cause of aging and the key to reversing it. Recent experiments in genetic reprogramming suggest that in the near future we may not just be able to feel younger, but actually become younger. Through a page-turning narrative, Dr. Sinclair invites you into the process of scientific discovery and reveals the emerging technologies and simple lifestyle changes—such as intermittent fasting, cold exposure, exercising with the right intensity, and eating less meat—that have been shown to help us live younger and healthier for longer. At once a roadmap for taking charge of our own health destiny and a bold new vision for the future of humankind, Lifespan will forever change the way we think about why we age and what we can do about it.

Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Download or read book Epigenetics and Dermatology written by Qianjin Lu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Dermatology explores the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-related skin diseases and skin cancer. Leading contributors cover common and uncommon skin conditions in which extensive epigenetic research has been done. They explain how environmental exposures (chemicals, drugs, sunlight, diet, stress, smoking, infection, etc.) in all stages of life (from a fetus in-utero to an elderly person) may result in epigenetic changes that lead to development of some skin diseases in life. They also discuss the possibilities of new and emergent epigenetic treatments which are gradually being adopted in management of various skin diseases. Chapters follow a conventional structure, covering fundamental biology of the disease condition, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, commonly available treatments, and epigenetic therapy where applicable. Discusses the basic biology of skin diseases and skin cancers induced or aggravated by aberrant epigenetic changes Evaluates how to approach autoimmune-related skin diseases from a therapeutic perspective using the wealth of emergent epigenetic clinical trials Offers a coherent and structured table of contents with basic epigenetic biology followed by discussion of the spectrum of rheumatologic through neoplastic skin diseases, finally ending with a discourse on epigenetic therapy

Download or read book Handbook of the Biology of Aging written by Nicolas Musi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Eighth Edition, provides readers with an update on the rapid progress in the research of aging. It is a comprehensive synthesis and review of the latest and most important advances and themes in modern biogerontology, and focuses on the trend of 'big data' approaches in the biological sciences, presenting new strategies to analyze, interpret, and understand the enormous amounts of information being generated through DNA sequencing, transcriptomic, proteomic, and the metabolomics methodologies applied to aging related problems. The book includes discussions on longevity pathways and interventions that modulate aging, innovative new tools that facilitate systems-level approaches to aging research, the mTOR pathway and its importance in age-related phenotypes, new strategies to pharmacologically modulate the mTOR pathway to delay aging, the importance of sirtuins and the hypoxic response in aging, and how various pathways interact within the context of aging as a complex genetic trait, amongst others. - Covers the key areas in biological gerontology research in one volume, with an 80% update from the previous edition - Edited by Matt Kaeberlein and George Martin, highly respected voices and researchers within the biology of aging discipline - Assists basic researchers in keeping abreast of research and clinical findings outside their subdiscipline - Presents information that will help medical, behavioral, and social gerontologists in understanding what basic scientists and clinicians are discovering - New chapters on genetics, evolutionary biology, bone aging, and epigenetic control - Provides a close examination of the diverse research being conducted today in the study of the biology of aging, detailing recent breakthroughs and potential new directions

Download or read book Telomeres Diet and Human Disease written by Amelia Marti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The maintenance of telomeres—repetitive sequences at the end of chromosome—is essential to health. Dysfunction in telomere maintenance pathways plays a role in aging, cancer, atherosclerosis and other diseases. This has led to telomere maintenance as a prime target for patient therapies. This book describes the advances in telomere research as it applies to human health and especially how lifestyle and dietary factors could modify the telomerase maintenance process. The book examines the mechanisms involved, the primary of which are oxidative stress and the role of sirtuins, and how they can be modified by dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes are driven by complex systems of functionally interacting signaling molecules. Thus, understanding signaling molecules is essential to explain normal or pathological biological phenomena. A large body of clinical and experimental data has been accumulated over these years, albeit in fragmented state. Hence, systems biological approaches concomitant with the understanding of each molecule are ideal to delineate signaling networks/pathways involved in the biologically important processes. The control of these signaling pathways will enrich our healthier life. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities. This encyclopedia presents 350 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike During past years, there were multiple databases to gather this information briefly and very partially. Amidst the excitement of these findings, one of the great scientific tasks of the coming century is to bring all the useful information into a place. Such an approach is arduous but at the end will infuse the lacunas and considerably be a streamline in the understanding of vibrant signaling networks. Based on this easy-approach, we can build up more complicated biological systems.

Download or read book Endothelial Dysfunction written by Helena Lenasi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium enables communication between blood and tissues and is actively involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as an early step in the development of cardiovascular diseases: respectively, endothelium represents a potential therapeutic niche with multiple targets. The purpose of the book is to point out some recent findings of endothelial physiology and pathophysiology emphasizing various aspects of endothelial dysfunction connected to the body's internal and external environment. While basic features of the endothelium are presented in an introductory chapter, the authors of the following 17 chapters have provided extensive insight into some selected topics of endothelial (dys)function. The book would hopefully be useful for anyone interested in recapitulating endothelial (patho)physiology and expanding knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction, relevant also for further clinical investigations.