Download or read book The Crowe Memorandum written by Jeffrey Stephen Dunn and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-07-29 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we approach the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the First World War, students of history will revisit the causes, conduct and aftermath of the war. In each of these, Sir Eyre Crowe played a very significant role. Yet, outside academic and diplomatic circles, his name is little known. An “outsider” in the Foreign Office, he neither attended an English public school nor university. He was born and educated in Germany. Yet he rose because of his unique expertise to be the Permanent Under-Secretary from 1920 until his death in 1925, during which time he worked, not always amicably, with prime ministers and foreign secretaries such as Lloyd George, Curzon, Ramsay Macdonald and Austen Chamberlain. On his death, Stanley Baldwin called him “our ablest public servant.” Eyre Crowe was a participant in events that led to the 1914–1918 war, was one of the main organisers of the blockade of Germany, helped to end the Ruhr crisis of 1923–24, and played a major role in the acceptance of the Dawes Plan at the 1924 London Conference. Shortly before he died, he persuaded a sceptical Cabinet to accept a policy that culminated in the Locarno Pact. Yet, Crowe played a strange role at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Britain’s most knowledgeable expert on Germany, he was marginalised by Lloyd George prior to the signing of the Versailles Treaty, but then played a leading part as Ambassador Plenipotentiary. Crowe’s Memorandum of 1907 had a profound influence upon Foreign Office perceptions of Germany for more than forty years. The “Crowe line” on Germany was opposed by Neville Chamberlain and the British Ambassador in Berlin, Neville Henderson, prior to the Second World War. Crowe had believed that Germany was a great nation, but that Britain had made too many concessions to its government when it needed to stand firm. Foreign Office diplomats were even seen waving copies of the memorandum (by then a published document) in the faces of journalists from the pro-appeasement Times newspaper. This book focuses mainly on the 1907 Memorandum and Crowe’s career after the war, but it provides many insights into the characters, talents and failings of a number of players in this extraordinary period of history.
Download or read book Sir Eyre Crowe and Foreign Office Perceptions of Germany 1918 1925 written by Jeffrey Stephen Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sir Eyre Crowe and Foreign Office Perceptions of Germany written by Jeffrey Stephen Dunn and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sir Eyre Crowe and the English Foreign Office 1905 1914 written by Richard A. Cosgrove and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy 4 Volume Set written by Gordon Martel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 2173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy is a complete and authoritative 4-volume compendium of the most important events, people and terms associated with diplomacy and international relations from ancient times to the present, from a global perspective. An invaluable resource for anyone interested in diplomacy, its history and the relations between states Includes newer areas of scholarship such as the role of non-state organizations, including the UN and Médecins Sans Frontières, and the exercise of soft power, as well as issues of globalization and climate change Provides clear, concise information on the most important events, people, and terms associated with diplomacy and international relations in an A-Z format All entries are rigorously peer reviewed to ensure the highest quality of scholarship Provides a platform to introduce unfamiliar terms and concepts to students engaging with the literature of the field for the first time
Download or read book The Round Table Movement and the Fall of the Second British Empire 1909 1919 written by Andrea Bosco and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the general phobia of federalism, there is a strong federalist trend within British political culture. In three very different historical contexts, federalism inspired the action of political movements such as the Imperial Federation League, the Round Table and the Federal Union. Indeed, it was regarded as the solution to problems arising from the first signs of the possible collapse of Great Britain and its Empire. The Round Table Movement played a particularly interesting role in this regard, attempting to reverse the rapid and inexorable decline of the British Empire. It was a political organisation with roots in all the major peripheries of the Empire and almost unlimited financial resources. This volume discusses the strategies and means employed by the group in order to maintain the British Empire’s global prominence. The book’s main argument is that we did not have a “British century” – the nineteenth – and an “American century” – the twentieth – but, rather, four centuries of Anglo–Saxon supremacy, which witnessed the affirmation of the national principle – expression of the Continental political tradition – and its overcoming through its opposite, the federal principle, the expression of the insular political tradition.
Download or read book On Grand Strategy written by John Lewis Gaddis and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The best education in grand strategy available in a single volume . . . a book that should be read by every American leader or would-be leader.”—The Wall Street Journal A master class in strategic thinking, distilled from the legendary program the author has co-taught at Yale for decades John Lewis Gaddis, the distinguished historian of the Cold War, has for almost two decades co-taught grand strategy at Yale University with his colleagues Charles Hill and Paul Kennedy. Now, in On Grand Strategy, Gaddis reflects on what he has learned. In chapters extending from the ancient world through World War II, Gaddis assesses grand strategic theory and practice in Herodotus, Thucydides, Sun Tzu, Octavian/Augustus, St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Elizabeth I, Philip II, the American Founding Fathers, Clausewitz, Tolstoy, Lincoln, Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Isaiah Berlin. On Grand Strategy applies the sharp insights and wit readers have come to expect from Gaddis to times, places, and people he’s never written about before. For anyone interested in the art of leadership, On Grand Strategy is, in every way, a master class.
Download or read book Redrawing the Middle East written by Michael D. Berdine and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sykes-Picot Agreement was one of the defining moments in the history of the modern Middle East. Yet its co-creator, Sir Mark Sykes, had far more involvement in British Middle East strategy during World War I than the Agreement for which he is now most remembered. Between 1915 and 1916, Sykes was Lord Kitchener's agent at home and abroad, operating out of the War Office until the war secretary's death at sea in 1916. Following that, from 1916 to 1919 he worked at the Imperial War Cabinet, the War Cabinet Secretariat and, finally, as an advisor to the Foreign Office. The full extent of Sykes's work and influence has previously not been told. Moreover, the general impression given of him is at variance with the facts. Sykes led the negotiations with the Zionist leadership in the formulation of the Balfour Declaration, which he helped to write, and promoted their cause to achieve what he sought for a pro-British post-war Middle East peace settlement, although he was not himself a Zionist. Likewise, despite claims he championed the Arab cause, there is little proof of this other than general rhetoric mainly for public consumption. On the contrary, there is much evidence he routinely exhibited a complete lack of empathy with the Arabs. In this book, Michael Berdine examines the life of this impulsive and headstrong young British aristocrat who helped formulate many of Britain's policies in the Middle East that are responsible for much of the instability that has affected the region ever since.
Download or read book Reading Primary Sources written by Miriam Dobson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, Reading Primary Sources explores the varied traditions in source criticism and, through specific examples, illustrates how primary sources can be read and used in historical research. Part I of this two-part volume begins by establishing the reader’s understanding of source criticism with an overview of both traditional and new methodological approaches to the use of primary documents. Taking into account the huge expansion in the range of primary sources used by historians, Part II includes chapters on surveillance reports, testimony and court files, in addition to more traditional genres such as letters, memoranda, diaries, novels, newspapers, political speeches and autobiography. For the new edition, each chapter now includes a checklist that suggests an easy-to-follow sequence of steps for interpreting a specific source genre, enabling students to understand how the sources should be read, what they have to offer, and the pitfalls of their interpretation. In addition to new discussions about the availability of digitised source materials, a new chapter on social surveys unlocks the potential of these widely used primary sources. Taking examples of sources from many European countries and the United States, and providing up-to-date information on the most widely used textual sources, this book is the perfect companion for every student of history who wants to engage with primary sources.
Download or read book The Legal Power to Launch War written by Michael Head and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue of who has the power to declare war or authorise military action in a democracy has become a major legal and political issue, internationally, and is set to become even more pertinent in the immediate future, particularly in the wake of military action in Syria, ongoing wars in the Middle East, and tense discussions between the United States and its allies, and Russia and China. This book comparatively examines the executive and prerogative powers to declare war or launch military action, focusing primarily on the United States, Britain and Australia. It explores key legal and constitutional questions, including: who currently has the power/authority to declare war? who currently has the power to launch military action without formally declaring war? how, if at all, can those powers be controlled, legally or politically? what are the domestic legal consequences of going to war? In addition to probing the extensive domestic legal consequences of going to war, the book also reviews various proposals that have been advanced for interrogating the power to commence armed conflict, and explores the reasons why these propositions have failed to win support within the political establishment.
Download or read book The Emergence of Israeli Greek Cooperation written by Aristotle Tziampiris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed account of the recent Israeli-Greek rapprochement. For more than six decades, relations between Greece and Israel were characterized by suspicion, mutual recriminations and hostility. However, in 2009, Greek policy was unexpectedly overturned. This volume examines this new relationship in detail and explores its theoretical and regional consequences. The Introduction provides a general framework of Greek foreign policy within which the rapprochement with Israel was pursued. Chapter I presents the book’s theoretical framework, focusing on balance of power theory and emphasizing the arguments of Morgenthau, Waltz, and Mearsheimer. Chapter II delineates the fraught relations between the Greeks and the Jews, despite their cultural and historical commonalities, and analyzes the reasoning behind decades of antagonistic foreign policy. Chapter III describes how the rise of Turkey during Greece’s economic crisis and the gradual deterioration of the strategic partnership between Israel and Turkey combined to create a climate open to Israeli-Greek cooperation. Chapter IV examines the beginning of the rapprochement between Israel and Greece, highlighting Netanyahu’s historic 2010 visit to Greece. Chapter V explores the intensification of Israeli-Greek cooperation. Chapter VI discusses energy cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean, another key factor in the deterioration of Israeli-Turkish relations and the strengthening of ties between Greece and Israel. The book concludes with a return to theory, reiterating the Realist approach and using that framework to hypothesize about the future of the relationship between the two nations. This book is appropriate for graduate students and academics studying international relations and foreign policy in the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as policymakers, activists and journalists who want to have a clearer understanding of the Israeli-Greek rapprochement and other developments in the region.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft written by B.J.C. McKercher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-01-30 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the profound changes in international society in the past decade and the challenges that all Powers’ diplomacy and statecraft face, whether opposing or encouraging these changes, this fully revised and updated edition provides a unique multifaceted assessment by experts of the new international order. Built around the thesis that Great Power rivalry dominated after the end of the Cold War, it examines how this multi-polarity has become more extreme. The Handbook assesses the diplomacy and statecraft of individual powers in seven key sections: • The Context of Diplomacy • The Great Powers • Middle Powers • Developing Powers • International Organisations and Military Alliances • The International Economy • Issues of Conflict and Co-operation It shows how diplomacy and statecraft have transformed on issues such as the evolving "America First" strategy; the strengthening of the People’s Republic of China; the growth of non-state actors in foreign policy; the unravelling of international arms control agreements; the aggressive nature of Russian foreign policy; and the emergence of major armed conflicts and the rise of terrorism and armed insurgencies around the world. It will be of interest to government and non-governmental actors, established scholars and students in the fields of international relations, history, and military studies.
Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theses on any subject submitted by the academic libraries in the UK and Ireland.
Download or read book The Permanent Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs 1854 1946 written by Keith Neilson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chief among the personnel at the Foreign Office is the Permanent Under-secretary, the senior civil servant who oversees the department and advises the Foreign Secretary. This book is a study of the twelve men who held this Office from 1854–1946.
Download or read book The Shaping of Modern Britain written by Eric Evans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this wide-ranging history of modern Britain, Eric Evans surveys every aspect of the period in which Britain was transformed into the world's first industrial power. By the end of the nineteenth century, Britain was still ruled by wealthy landowners, but the world over which they presided had been utterly transformed. It was an era of revolutionary change unparalleled in Britain - yet that change was achieved without political revolution. Ranging across the developing empire, and dealing with such central institutions as the church, education, health, finance and rural and urban life, The Shaping of Modern Britain provides an unparallelled account of Britain's rise to superpower status. Particular attention is given to the Great Reform Act of 1832, and the implications of the 1867 Reform Act are assessed. The book discusses: - the growing role of the central state in domestic policy making - the emergence of the Labour party - the Great Depression - the acquisition of a vast territorial empire Comprehensive, informed and engagingly written, The Shaping of Modern Britain will be an invaluable introduction for students of this key period of British history.
Download or read book British Foreign Secretaries in an Uncertain World 1919 1939 written by Michael Hughes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of international diplomacy and Britain’s world role changed immeasurably after the end of the First World War, and this book shows how the various men who headed the Foreign Office during the interwar years sought to operate in the shifting political and bureaucratic environments that confronted them. British Foreign Secretaries in an Uncertain World examines the careers of each of the interwar Foreign Secretaries, including Lord Curzon, Ramsay MacDonald and Anthony Eden. Using an extensive range of primary sources both published and unpublished, official and private, Michael Hughes provides a detailed assessment of how these men approached their role and how influential they were in international diplomacy. The book also looks at the Foreign Secretaries’ successes or failures within the British political system, analysing how influential the Foreign Office was under each Secretary in determining British foreign policy. A fascinating book with a unique focus, British Foreign Secretaries in an Uncertain World takes a rigorous look at a key topic in British history.
Download or read book Memorandum on the Present State of British Relations with France and Germany written by Eyre Crowe and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-09-15 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the transcript of a memorandum to British Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey by Sir Eyre Crowe about the growing threat of Imperial Germany to the United Kingdom. It explained that a stronger British strategy was required towards Berlin in light of Imperial Germany's increasingly invasive geostrategic approach.
