Download or read book Single Particle Mass Spectrometry Combustion Source Characterization and Atmospheric Apportionment of Vehicular Coal and Biofuel Exhaust Emissions written by David Townsend Suess and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Particle Perspective on the Southern California Ozone Study written by Sylvia Harriet Pastor and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Ambient Automobile and Diesel Aerosols Utilizing Aerosol Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry written by David Alan Sodeman and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Further Development and Application of Laser Desorption Ionization LDI Using Aerosol Time of flight Mass Spectrometry ATOFMS written by Ryan Jay Wenzel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding the Chemistry of Atmospheric Particles Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Maria Anna Zawadowicz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores ways in which single particle mass spectrometry can be extended, whether through hardware improvements, or through the use of advanced data processing techniques to provide new kinds of aerosol chemistry measurements. Most of this work has been carried out using the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument, an aircraft deployable mass spectrometer that uses intense (~10^9 Wcm^-2 ) UV laser pulses to vaporize and ionize single particles and measures their mass spectra using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Near-term and long-term hardware improvements as well as advanced data analysis techniques are explored in order to extract new chemical information from the thus obtained single particle mass spectra. Hardware improvements to PALMS are explored, such as the use of a high-powered femtosecond laser to obtain single particle mass spectra and a new high resolution compact mass analyzer. Also, a new commercial mass spectrometer LAAPToF is characterized and compared to PALMS. In addition to hardware improvements, novel data analysis techniques for analysis of single particle mass spectra were developed as a part of this work. In particular, a new method to identify biologically-derived particles is presented and used to derive vertical profiles of bioaerosol from near-surface to the upper troposphere.
Download or read book Emissions assessment of conventional stationary combustion systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Soot Particles and Their Precursors Produced During the Combustion of Conventional and Alternative Fuels written by Thi Linh Dan Ngo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in biofuels has increased significantly in recent years as they could reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to carbon-neutral growth. The influence of using biofuels on their exhaust emissions (CO,CO_2,NO_x,HC, etc.) has been studied widely. However, the effects of the nature of these alternative fuels on the physical and chemical properties of the particles and aromatic species produced are not fully understood. As part of this thesis work, we aim to study the emissions of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the combustion of conventional and alternative fuels (biofuels) relevant to the automotive and aerospace sectors, while trying to highlight their influence on the formation of such pollutants. To achieve this goal, two laboratory combustors, a swirled turbulent jet burner and a Combustion Aerosol STandard (CAST), were used as soot generators. In addition, we have combined various complementary in-situ laser techniques, laser-induced incandescence and fluorescence (LII/LIF), and ex-situ two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In a swirled turbulent jet flame for five fuels (Diesel, n-butanol, 50/50 Diesel/n-butanol mixture, Jet A1 and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene SPK), the LII and LIF profiles and properties of soot particles and their precursors with the height in the flame as well as their chemical composition were studied. Strong correlations between the results obtained with in-situ and ex-situ techniques have been demonstrated which allowed us to characterize these species spectrally and chemically. In addition, a new calibration method has been developed to directly deduce the soot volume fraction from the LII signal using the absolute radiance emitted from a light source having black body behavior. In parallel, experiments using the CAST device were conducted with aeronautical fuels (Jet A1 and SPK). In addition to the influence of the alternative fuel, the effects of a catalytic stripper (CS) on soot particles and volatile species were examined.
Download or read book Analysis of Trace Elements in Coal by Spark source Mass Spectrometry written by T. Kessler and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Daniel Mira Salama and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Coal derived Liquids and Other Fossil Fuel Related Materials Employing Mass Spectrometry written by Stuart E. Scheppele and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable activity was devoted to resolving problems preventing the attainment of optimum performance from the mass spectrometer /data acquisition system. These activities included electronic modifications to various sections of the mass spectrometer, providing an excellent ground to the mass spectrometer, NOVA 3/12 minicomputer, and other peripheral instrumentation, and the distribution of well-regulated 120 V AC to the power supplies in the various instruments used to produce DC. The increase in the useful static resolution of the mass spectrometer from ca. 21,000 to at least 33,000 is indicative of the quality of the results obtained from these activities. In regard to development of micromolecular probe distillation in combination with field-ionization mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis, development of algorithms to permit acquisition of both probe temperatures and FI/MS data was initiated. Initial designs for the interface between the NOVA 3/12 and the comparator /microdensitometer were prepared. A manuscript describing our detailed investigation of the sensitivities for FI of saturates was prepared and accepted for publication. Progress on a report ''Current State-of-the-Art in Mass Spectral Analysis of Alternate Fossil Fuels'' is summarized.
Download or read book Novel Techniques and Applications in Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by John Francis Cahill and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the environment, aerosol particles can affect climate directly though scattering and absorbing radiation and indirectly by influencing cloud formation, albedo, and lifetime. Beyond the environment, aerosols are commonly used as a delivery mechanism for a variety of products, such as inhalers and spray paints. Chemically characterizing aerosols is a difficult endeavor, and relatively few instrumental methods are capable of doing so. A unique subset of instrumentation and techniques exist to measure aerosol chemical and physical properties. Among these, the aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) can measure single particle chemistry and size in real time. The ATOFMS was developed for the study atmospheric aerosols, and data acquired by the ATOFMS over the years since its creation has provided significant insight into many atmospheric phenomena; however, the application of this technique into disciplines other than atmospheric chemistry has been relatively unexplored. In this dissertation the ATOFMS is used in a conventional sense, to provide insight into atmospheric particle chemistry through two field studies in California, but also in an unconventional way by using the ATOFMS to answer outstanding questions in other disciplines, including nanomaterials and biochemistry. Often the chemistry of a single unit, rather than of the bulk, is needed in these disciplines, and the ATOFMS is uniquely suited to provide this information. The ATOFMS was used to chemically characterize single particles of a unique class of nanomaterials, called metal organic frameworks (MOFs), comprised of functionalized organic linkers and metal ions or metal ion clusters. ATOFMS data was able to show the presence of MOFs with mixed functionality, and show the exchange of functional groups between materials. Cell processes can be monitored by measuring small molecules that are part of cell metabolism, which can provide insight into cell functions, environment, and disease. Using an ATOFMS with a modified aerodynamic lens inlet, single microalgae cells 4-10 μm in diameter of various types have been be characterized. Compared to other single cell mass spectrometry techniques, the modified ATOFMS has unprecedented throughput, up to 50 Hz. Time-resolved measurements of cells undergoing nitrogen deprivation further highlight the abilities of the technique for single cell analysis.
Download or read book Coal Industry Aerosol Investigation Source Apportionment written by Joy Saka and published by . This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book "Coal Industry Aerosol Investigation Source Apportionment" provides a comprehensive investigation of atmospheric aerosols around coal-based industries, focusing on source apportionment, distribution, correlation, and risk assessment. The book presents a detailed analysis of particulate matter (PM) and other aerosols emitted from coal-fired power plants, combustion processes, and other industrial sources, and their impact on air quality, environmental pollution, and human health. The author emphasizes the importance of monitoring and controlling industrial emissions to prevent air pollution and reduce the associated health risks. The book discusses the latest advances in atmospheric science, aerosol chemistry, and atmospheric physics that help to understand the sources and distribution of aerosols around coal industries and their environmental impact. The book also presents various pollution control and emission reduction strategies, including industrial hygiene, emission control, and pollution prevention techniques that can be used to mitigate the environmental impact of coal use and combustion. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals who are interested in understanding the impact of coal industries on the environment and human health and developing effective strategies for reducing industrial emissions and improving air quality. It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosols and their impact on the environment and human health, making it a valuable reference for anyone working in the field of industrial ecology, environmental monitoring, or air pollution control.
Download or read book Particle Characterisation in Chemical Looping Combustion with Solid Fuels written by Chern Yean Sim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Nowadays, a third of the worldwide anthropogenic CO2 emissions arise from fossil fuel fired power production. Meanwhile, fossil fuels continue to be the main source of energy for the foreseeable future. The increasing threat posed by enhanced global warming, as well as the requirement for sustainable energy supplies around the world, have led to the development of several novel technologies to produce clean energy from fuels. Among these new technologies is chemical looping combustion (CLC) that uses a solid metal oxide (oxygen carrier) to react with fuels. This technology has the potential advantage that it produces a pure stream of CO2 that can then be sequestrated. In a CLC process, the oxygen carrier is reduced by fuels in one reactor while being oxidised by air in a separate reactor. As the oxygen carrier circulates through the system, it is subjected to morphological and compositional changes such as sintering, attrition and reactions between various metal oxides and fuels. These changes tend to cause the reactivity of the oxygen carrier to decrease over time. The main objective of this PhD study was to investigate and characterise the morphological and compositional changes of the oxygen carrier particles after they have undergone multiple reduction oxidation cycles in a CLC system. A single fluidised bed system was used in this study. Fuel was fed into a bed of oxygen carrier consisting of mechanically mixed iron oxide or wet impregnated copper oxide supported on alumina. The bed was fluidised by a stream of CO2 and/or steam. Pyrolysis gases from the fuel gasification process reduced the oxygen carrier while forming char in the bed. Thus char was oxidised and the oxygen carrier was regenerated when the fluidising gas was switched to air. Five different types of fuels were initially used in the tests. They were lignite coal, lignite char, activated carbon, US bituminous coal and Taldinski bituminous coal. The rates of gasification of the bituminous coal and activated carbon were much slower than those of the lignite coal and lignite char, resulting in an unfavourably large accumulation of char during the reduction stage. Subsequent experiments were conducted with UK bituminous coal to determine the effect of ash on the oxygen carrier particles over a long operational period. The series of analytical tests included; stereo microscopy, porosimetry analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive system (SEM/EDS) and Page ii X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Tests were performed on both the fresh and reacted oxygen carriers. Analytical results showed that when the pyrolysis gases react with the oxygen carrier, mineral matter left behind from the gasification process will deposit on the surface of the particles and diffuse into the core of the particles. This is due to the fact that mineral matter has a higher melting point compared to iron oxide and copper oxide. Iron oxide and copper oxide diffusing to the surface of the particles will replace those that are lost via attrition. As a result, the composition of the surface of these particles remains relatively unchanged. As more mineral matter diffuses into the core of the oxygen carrier particles, they can segregate metal oxide molecules located at the surfaces from those located at the core of the particles. When this occurs, there is a possibility that the segregated material formed will reduce the ability of oxygen to diffuse to the surface of the oxygen carrier particles. Hence this will reduce the conversion of the pyrolysis gases. This will thus lead to the reduction in the conversion of the pyrolysis gas and possibly in the deactivation of the oxygen carrier. It was found that the support structure played a key role in maintaining the structural integrity of the metal oxide particles during repeated reduction and oxidation cycles. Experimental results showed that the rate of attrition initially increases with time indicating that the oxygen carrier structure weakens as it interacts with the mineral matter in ash. Results from this research study have shown that the semi-batch chemical looping combustion of solid fuels is feasible provided reactive fuels that produce a large quantity of pyrolysis gases are used. Less reactive fuels will lead to the accumulation of a large inventory of char in the bed. The slow rate of gasification of char will then result in a lower carbon capture efficiency. In order to operate a semi-batch chemical looping combustion system with solid fuel, temperatures of above 1000°C are most likely required. However, this would exclude metal oxides with low melting points to act as potential oxygen carriers and may cause other problems such as ash fusion. A possible solution is to gasify the solid fuels in a separate reactor and channel the resulting pyrolysis gases into the chemical looping combustion system.
Download or read book On line Characterization of Vehicle Emissions by FT IR and Mass Spectrometry written by James W. Butler and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Wood Combustion Particles in Emissions and Urban Environments by Means of High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry written by Michael Elsasser and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
