Download or read book Photoionization and Photo Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry written by Ralf Zimmermann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of laser-induced ionization processes for mass spectrometry analysis Drawing on the expertise of the leading academic and industrial research groups involved in the development of photoionization methods for mass spectrometry, this reference for analytical scientists covers both the theory and current applications of photo-induced ionization processes. It places widely used techniques such as MALDI side by side with more specialist approaches such as REMPI and RIMS, and discusses leading edge developments in ultrashort laser pulse desorption, to give readers a complete picture of the state of the technology. Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications starts with a complete overview of the fundamentals of the technique, covering the basics of the gas phase ionization as well as those of laser desorption and ablation, pulse photoionization, and single particle ionization. Numerous application examples from different analytical fields are described that showcase the power and the wide scope of photo ionization in mass spectrometry. -The first general reference book on photoionization techniques for mass spectrometry -Examines technologies and applications of gas phase resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (REMPI-MS) and gas phase resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) -Provides complete coverage of popular techniques like MALDI -Discusses the current and potential applications of each technology, focusing on process and environmental analysis Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications is an excellent book for spectroscopists, analytical chemists, photochemists, physical chemists, and laser specialists.
Download or read book Understanding the Chemistry of Atmospheric Particles Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Maria Anna Zawadowicz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores ways in which single particle mass spectrometry can be extended, whether through hardware improvements, or through the use of advanced data processing techniques to provide new kinds of aerosol chemistry measurements. Most of this work has been carried out using the Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument, an aircraft deployable mass spectrometer that uses intense (~10^9 Wcm^-2 ) UV laser pulses to vaporize and ionize single particles and measures their mass spectra using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Near-term and long-term hardware improvements as well as advanced data analysis techniques are explored in order to extract new chemical information from the thus obtained single particle mass spectra. Hardware improvements to PALMS are explored, such as the use of a high-powered femtosecond laser to obtain single particle mass spectra and a new high resolution compact mass analyzer. Also, a new commercial mass spectrometer LAAPToF is characterized and compared to PALMS. In addition to hardware improvements, novel data analysis techniques for analysis of single particle mass spectra were developed as a part of this work. In particular, a new method to identify biologically-derived particles is presented and used to derive vertical profiles of bioaerosol from near-surface to the upper troposphere.
Download or read book European On line Particle Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Daniel Mira Salama and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Particle Mass Spectrometry Combustion Source Characterization and Atmospheric Apportionment of Vehicular Coal and Biofuel Exhaust Emissions written by David Townsend Suess and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass Distribution of Sodium in Atmospheric Particles by Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Christopher L. Giggy and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Signal Variation in Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry written by Zachary Daniel Wissner-Gross and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid and accurate detection of airborne micro-particles is currently an important problem in national security. One approach to such detection, bioaerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS), is currently under development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. BAMS is a type of single particle aerosol mass spectrometry that rapidly records dual-polarity mass spectra of aerosolized micro-particles. However, the accuracy of the BAMS system is limited by various uncertainties, resulting in shot-to-shot variations in the mass spectra. I found that the variations in mass peak areas in BAMS spectra were significantly larger than those predicted by Poisson statistics based on the mean number of detected ions. Furthermore, these variations were surprisingly consistent as a function of peak area among synthetic, organic, and biological samples. For both positive and negative ions, the standard deviation in a peak's area was approximately proportional to the mean value of that area to the 0.9 power. Using the consistency of this data, I also developed a novel method for quantitatively evaluating the similarity between mass spectra using a chi-square factor. Peak area variations in other single particle aerosol mass spectrometers may be similarly analyzed and used to improve methods for rapid particle identification.
Download or read book The Application of Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for the Detection and Identification of High Explosives and Chemical Warfare Agents written by Audrey Noreen Martin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Techniques and Applications in Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by John Francis Cahill and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the environment, aerosol particles can affect climate directly though scattering and absorbing radiation and indirectly by influencing cloud formation, albedo, and lifetime. Beyond the environment, aerosols are commonly used as a delivery mechanism for a variety of products, such as inhalers and spray paints. Chemically characterizing aerosols is a difficult endeavor, and relatively few instrumental methods are capable of doing so. A unique subset of instrumentation and techniques exist to measure aerosol chemical and physical properties. Among these, the aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) can measure single particle chemistry and size in real time. The ATOFMS was developed for the study atmospheric aerosols, and data acquired by the ATOFMS over the years since its creation has provided significant insight into many atmospheric phenomena; however, the application of this technique into disciplines other than atmospheric chemistry has been relatively unexplored. In this dissertation the ATOFMS is used in a conventional sense, to provide insight into atmospheric particle chemistry through two field studies in California, but also in an unconventional way by using the ATOFMS to answer outstanding questions in other disciplines, including nanomaterials and biochemistry. Often the chemistry of a single unit, rather than of the bulk, is needed in these disciplines, and the ATOFMS is uniquely suited to provide this information. The ATOFMS was used to chemically characterize single particles of a unique class of nanomaterials, called metal organic frameworks (MOFs), comprised of functionalized organic linkers and metal ions or metal ion clusters. ATOFMS data was able to show the presence of MOFs with mixed functionality, and show the exchange of functional groups between materials. Cell processes can be monitored by measuring small molecules that are part of cell metabolism, which can provide insight into cell functions, environment, and disease. Using an ATOFMS with a modified aerodynamic lens inlet, single microalgae cells 4-10 μm in diameter of various types have been be characterized. Compared to other single cell mass spectrometry techniques, the modified ATOFMS has unprecedented throughput, up to 50 Hz. Time-resolved measurements of cells undergoing nitrogen deprivation further highlight the abilities of the technique for single cell analysis.
Download or read book Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Processes Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Jeffrey Robert Whiteaker and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Two Versions of a New Single Particle Mass Spectrometer for Organic Aerosol Analysis that Incorporate a 3D Ion Trap written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol particles are ubiquitous throughout the atmosphere and play an important role in human health, climate, and the chemistry of the atmosphere. A significant mass fraction of these particles is composed of organic species, which remain poorly characterized due to the number and diversity of species present. This thesis describes the development and characterization of two versions of a new single particle mass spectrometer with a 3D ion trap for organic aerosol studies. Version I combines CO2 laser desorption and electron impact ionization in an ion trap. Mass spectra obtained for four species are comparable to NIST EI spectra. Tandem mass spectrometry studies are also demonstrated. The effects of vaporization energy, ionization delay time, and electron pulse width on the mass spectra and fragmentation patterns are examined. The detection limit of the instrument is found to be ~1x108 molecules (350 nm diameter particle) for 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Version II integrates CO2 laser desorption and tunable VUV ionization in an ion trap and was used for a detailed study of oleyl alcohol, oleic acid and mixtures thereof. Both the degree of fragmentation in the mass spectra and the translational energy of the vaporized molecules are found to vary as a function of desorption energy in the pure particles and as a function of composition in the mixed particles. These changes can be described by the energy absorbed per particle during desorption. We show that these effects hinder the quantitative response of the instrument and have important implications for other two step laser desorption/ionization systems. The final part of this thesis presents preliminary results from atmospherically relevant particles. Mass spectra of cigarette sidestream smoke, fulvic acid, meat cooking, and ammonium bisulfate aerosols are collected using both versions of the instrument. The two step desorption/ionization process only worked for two types of aerosols, while CO2 only mass spectra w.
Download or read book Characterizing Single Particle Ionization Using Bio aerosol Mass Spectrometry written by Erica Lynne McJimpsey and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development and Application of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Aerosols written by Anthony Peter New and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development and Application of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Aerosols written by Anthony Peter New and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Atmospheric Aerosols by Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Manuel Dall'osto and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis Concepts Of Aerosols by On Line Aerosol Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is known that aerosols have an impact on climate, air quality and health. To better characterize these effects, the knowledge of the aerosol particle properties, such as size and chemical composition, at the individual level is needed. Toward this purpose, a Single Particle Aerosol Laser Mass Spectrometer (SPALMS) has been designed and developed to characterize in details the organic fraction of particles. The instrument samples the aerosol with a nozzle system and sizes particles individually by laser velocimetry. The single particle constituents are then volatilized (desorption) and ionized (ionization) by laser. The resulting cations and anions are analyzed with a bipolar time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The resulting mass spectra provide a "fingerprint" of the particle composition. Thus the SPALMS instrument evaluates the mixing state, external versus internal, of the aerosol and allows the investigation of the chemical composition size dependency of the particles. The desorption and ionization steps are critical to obtain a good qualitative chemical analysis of the particle. Indeed many processes take place during these steps which fragment and alter the initial molecules in the particle. The simultaneous desorption and ionization with a single laser (337 nm) combined with a bipolar mass spectrometer is well suited for the analysis of mineral particles. On the other hand, organics in particles are better analyzed by operating first the constituents desorption with an infra-red laser (10.6 micrometers) and then the ionization shortly after with an ultra-violet laser (248 nm). Indeed molecules are softly ionized via a SPI or REMPI process. In this manner the resulting mass spectra are more representative of the particle composition since organics are less fragmented. As the SPALMS instrument involves many different measurement steps based of very different principles, it is equipped with many data acquisition devices (up to 12 channels) to record the correspo.
Download or read book Analysis of Biological Particles by Mass Spectrometry written by United States. Department of the Army. Research Office and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
