Download or read book Simulations of Present and Future Climates in the Western U S with Four Nested Regional Climate Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze simulations of present and future climates in the western U.S. performed with four regional climate models (RCMs) nested within two global ocean-atmosphere climate models. Our primary goal is to assess the range of regional climate responses to increased greenhouse gases in available RCM simulations. The four RCMs used different geographical domains, different increased greenhouse gas scenarios for future-climate simulations, and (in some cases) different lateral boundary conditions. For simulations of the present climate, we compare RCM results to observations and to results of the GCM that provided lateral boundary conditions to the RCM. For future-climate (increased greenhouse gas) simulations, we compare RCM results to each other and to results of the driving GCMs. When results are spatially averaged over the western U.S., we find that the results of each RCM closely follow those of the driving GCM in the same region, in both present and future climates. In present-climate simulations, the RCMs have biases in spatially-averaged simulated precipitation and near-surface temperature that seem to be very close to those of the driving GCMs. In future-climate simulations, the spatially-averaged RCM-projected responses in precipitation and near-surface temperature are also very close to those of the respective driving GCMs. Precipitation responses predicted by the RCMs are in many regions not statistically significant compared to interannual variability. Where the predicted precipitation responses are statistically significant, they are positive. The models agree that near-surface temperatures will increase, but do not agree on the spatial pattern of this increase. The four RCMs produce very different estimates of water content of snow in the present climate, and of the change in this water content in response to increased greenhouse gases.

Download or read book A Strategy for Assessing Potential Future Changes in Climate Hydrology and Vegetation in the Western United States written by Robert Stephen Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Large Ensembles of Regional Climate Simulations Over the Western United States written by Sihan Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large ensembles of regional climate simulations were generated from the weather@home distributed volunteer computing project over the western US domain. Weather@home uses the U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre’s regional climate model HadRM3P (~0.22°) nested within the atmospheric global model HadAM3P (1.875 longitude° by 1.25 latitude°). Simulations from HadRM3P were evaluated against observational datasets, and were found to be able to faithfully reproduce various properties of the recent past climate of the western US. In an effort to explore local anthropogenically forced climate responses, especially precipitation response, over the complex terrain, western US climate was simulated for the recent past (1986-2014) and future (2031-2059). The large initial-condition ensemble of regional climate simulations provides detailed information of precipitation changes at local grid point level, with high signal-to-noise ratio, while results from the host global climate model are analyzed for synoptic-scale mechanisms driving the regional changes. Both winter and summer precipitation changes have a large dynamic origin. Winter precipitation changes are associated with a southeastward extension of the Aleutian low-pressure center and strengthening and eastward expansion of the upper subtropical jet stream. Summer precipitation changes are associated with a high-pressure anomaly centered over the northwest at the 500-hPa level, contributing to drying in the northwest, and the wetting in the southwest is associated with stronger increase in water vapor. The pattern of circulation change associated with changes in extreme (wet) monthly precipitation is similar to that for changes in mean monthly precipitation, but the changes are more intense. The changes of extreme precipitation vary spatially, with the least relative increase in Western Oregon-Washington, and the most relative increase in the Great Basin. Precipitation increase more on the leeward side of the Cascade Range than on the windward side, and this difference across mountain barrier is present in changes of both seasonal mean and extreme precipitation, suggesting common physical drivers. These large ensembles also present unique datasets to thoroughly assess the impact of internal variability on climate projections from a high-resolution regional model. We quantify the magnitude of changes forced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations relative to internal variability and find that simulations spanning 10 to 30 years (the timespans used in the majority of published studies of regional climate modeling) often lead to unfounded confidence in results because of low grid-point level signal-to-noise ratios that furthermore vary considerably by season, variable and location. We offer a rule of thumb for determining the minimum adequate ensemble size N[subscript min] to detect a response to anthropogenic forcing in different climate variables, and a minimum adequate ensemble size N[subscript min(delta x)] required for detecting spatial heterogeneity of such responses. Our results underscore the problem that increasing model resolution without increasing ensemble size does not necessarily advance the understanding of regional and local climate response to anthropogenic forcing. To summarize, the combination of high resolution over the complex terrain of western US and large numbers of simulations allow us to explore the effects of local and regional climate change in a way not otherwise possible.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather written by Dr. Stephen H. Schneider and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 1478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume A-to-Z compendium consists of over 300 entries written by a team of leading international scholars and researchers working in the field. Authoritative and up-to-date, the encyclopedia covers the processes that produce our weather, important scientific concepts, the history of ideas underlying the atmospheric sciences, biographical accounts of those who have made significant contributions to climatology and meteorology and particular weather events, from extreme tropical cyclones and tornadoes to local winds.

Download or read book Present and Future Surface Climate in the Western U S as Simulated by 15 Global Climate Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze results of 15 global climate simulations contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Focusing on the western U.S., we consider both present climate simulations and predicted responses to increasing atmospheric CO2. The models vary in their ability to predict the present climate. Over the western U.S., a few models produce a seasonal cycle for spatially-averaged temperature and/or precipitation in good agreement with observational data. Other models tend to overpredict precipitation in the winter or exaggerate the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of temperature. The models also differ in their ability to reproduce the spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation in the U.S. Considering the monthly mean precipitation responses to doubled atmospheric CO2, averaged over the western U.S., we find some models predict increases while others predict decreases. The predicted temperature response, on the other hand, is invariably positive over this region; however, for each month, the range of values given by the different models is large compared to the mean model response. We look for possible relationships between the models' temperature and precipitation responses to doubled CO2 concentration and their ability to simulate some aspects of the present climate. We find that these relationships are weak, at best. The precipitation response over the western U.S. in DJF and the precipitation response over the mid- and tropical latitudes seem to be correlated with the RMS error in simulated present-day precipitation, also calculated over the mid- and tropical latitudes. However, considering only the responses of the models with the smallest RMS errors does not provide a different estimate of the precipitation response to a doubled CO2 concentration, because even among the most accurate models, the range of model responses is so large. For temperature, we find that models that have smaller RMS errors in present-climate temperature in the North Eastern Pacific region predict a higher temperature response in the western U.S. than the models with larger errors. A similar relation exists between the temperature response over Europe in DJF and the RMS error calculated over the Northern Atlantic.

Download or read book A Projection of the Cold Season Hydroclimate in California in Mid twenty first Century Under the SRES A1B Emission Scenario written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Authorization of Incidental Take and Implementation of Fruit Growers Supply Company s Multi Species Habitat Conservation Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamically Downscaled Climate Simulations Over North America written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs.

Download or read book An Analysis of Simulated California Climate Using Multiple Dynamical and Statistical Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Initial Climate Change Scenario for the Western United States written by Arnett S. Dennis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modelling Simulating and Forecasting Regional Climate and Weather written by Hans Von Storch and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climate Modeling for Scientists and Engineers written by John B. Drake and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate modeling and simulation teach us about past, present, and future conditions of life on earth and help us understand observations about the changing atmosphere and ocean and terrestrial ecology. Focusing on high-end modeling and simulation of earth's climate, Climate Modeling for Scientists and Engineers presents observations about the general circulations of the earth and the partial differential equations used to model the dynamics of weather and climate, covers numerical methods for geophysical flows in more detail than many other texts, discusses parallel algorithms and the role of high-performance computing used in the simulation of weather and climate, and provides supplemental lectures and MATLAB® exercises on an associated Web page.

Download or read book Ecology and Management of Black tailed and Mule Deer of North America written by James R. Heffelfinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black-tailed and mule deer represent one of the largest distributions of mammals in North America and are symbols of the wide-open American West. Each chapter in this book was authored by the world’s leading experts on that topic. Both editors, James R. Heffelfinger and Paul R. Krausman, are widely published in the popular and scientific press and recipients of the O. C. Wallmo Award, given every two years to a leading black-tailed and mule deer expert who has made significant contributions to the conservation of this species. In addition, Heffelfinger has chaired the Mule Deer Working Group sponsored by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies for more than 15 years. This working group consists of the leading black-tailed and mule deer experts from each of 24 states, provinces, and territories in western North America, putting them at the forefront of all conservation and much of the research on this species. The book represents all current knowledge available on these deer, including how changing conditions such as fires, habitat alteration and loss, disease, climate change, socio-economic forces, energy development, and other aspects are influencing their distribution and abundance now and into the future. It takes a completely fresh look at all chapter topics. The revisions of distribution, taxonomy, evolution, behavior, and new and exciting work being done in deer nutrition, migration and movements, diseases, predation, and human dimensions are all assembled in this volume. This book will instantly become the foundation for the latest information and management strategies to be implemented on the ground by practitioners and to inform the public. Although this book is about deer, the topics discussed influence most terrestrial wildlife worldwide, and the basic concepts in many of the chapters are applicable to other species.

Download or read book Improving the Effectiveness of U S Climate Modeling written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-18 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information derived from climate modeling has become increasingly important in recent years. More and more we understand that climate variability and change impacts society and that dealing with climate-related disasters, conflicts, and opportunities requires the best possible information about the past, present, and future of the climate system. To this end, Improving the Effectiveness of U.S. Climate Modeling describes ways to improve the efficacy of the U.S. climate modeling enterprise, given the current needs and resources. It discusses enhanced and stable resources for modeling activities, focused and centralized operational activities, how to give researchers access to the best computing facilities, the creation of a common modeling and data infrastructure, and research studies on the socioeconomic aspects of climate and climate modeling.

Download or read book Future Climate Scenarios Regional Climate Modelling and Data Analysis written by Xander Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-11 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Climate Change and Global Warming Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Climate Change and Global Warming Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Aerosol Forcing. The editors have built Advances in Climate Change and Global Warming Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Aerosol Forcing in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Climate Change and Global Warming Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.