Download or read book Simulation Model for Rural Highway Network Evacuation Under Natural Disasters written by Daivamani Sivasailam and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Computer Simulation Model for Rural Network Evacuation Under Natural Disasters written by Antoine G. Hobeika and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Simulation Study of Impacts of Evacuating Traffic on En route Metropolitan Highway Network written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to both natural and man-made disasters, more and more emergency evacuation plans have been put forward and consistently aims to move a large disaster affected population through a multimodal transportation network towards safer areas as quickly and efficiently as possible. The objectives of this paper are 1) to verify the feasibility of applying the DYNASMART-P model to simulation of traffic characteristics in both normal and emergency conditions for the urban transportation system in the Greater Jackson metropolitan area in Mississippi and 2) to develop and evaluate emergency evacuation strategies for a large scale evacuation of people under emergency conditions in the Greater Jackson area. In this paper, traffic network including Hinds, Madison and Rankin was built through the mesoscopic traffic-network planning and simulation model DYNASMART-P based on the dynamic traffic assignment methodology, and applied the model to a highway network on the route of the evacuation. The background OD demand as input for the simulation program was calibrated using observed traffic volume data collected in several critical routes of evacuation. An evacuation scenario was designed to study the impacts of the evacuating traffic from southeastern Louisiana to the Greater Jackson Metropolitan Area of Mississippi due to an assumed approaching hurricane disaster. Critically congested freeway segments under two evacuation intensity levels were identified based on the criterion of the average queue length percentage and level of service. The causes for the congestion of roads were analyzed and explained.
Download or read book Large Scale Evacuation written by Michael K. Lindell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-Scale Evacuation introduces the reader to the steps involved in evacuation modelling for towns and cities, from understanding the hazards that can require large-scale evacuations, through understanding how local officials decide to issue evacuation advisories and households decide whether to comply, to transportation simulation and traffic management strategies. The author team has been recognized internationally for their research and consulting experience in the field of evacuations. Collectively, they have 125 years of experience in evacuation, including more than 140 projects for federal and state agencies. The text explains how to model evacuations that use the road transportation network by combining perspectives from social scientists and transportation engineers, fields that have commonly approached evacuation modelling from distinctly different perspectives. In doing so, it offers a step-by-step guide through the key questions needed to model an evacuation and its impacts to the evacuation route system as well as evacuation management strategies for influencing demand and expanding capacity. The authors also demonstrate how to simulate the resulting traffic and evacuation management strategies that can be used to facilitate evacuee movement and reduce unnecessary demand. Case studies, which identify key points to analyze in an evacuation plan, discuss evacuation termination and re-entry, and highlight challenges that someone developing an evacuation plan or model should expect, are also included. This textbook will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and advanced students.
Download or read book Computer Simulation based Framework for Transportation Evacuation in a Major Trip Generator written by Fengxiang Qiao and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since emergencies including both natural disasters and man-made incidents, are happening more and more frequently, evacuation, especially transportation evacuation, is becoming a hot research focus in recent years. Currently, transportation evacuation study focuses on evacuating people and property from large areas and does not address the problem of transportation evacuation in a small and dense area. This research is intended to identify the study framework of developing transportation evacuation plans in small and dense areas. Texas Medical Center (TMC), Houston, Texas, is selected as case study in this thesis. Incidents are assumed based on potential threats. Traffic information is collected through filed data collections in the TMC area, and evacuation scenarios with incidents and management improvements are coded and simulated in VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation model. Genetic Algorithm is one of the calibration methods for searching multiple parameters at the same time and is used in this thesis to calibrate parameters of driving behaviors in VISSIM by using field collected and simulation data. Based on the simulation results, potential improvements and measurement of effectiveness (MOE) of operations such as Reversed Lane (RL) and In-bound Shuttle (IS) are analyzed and evaluated. Simulation results show that the evacuation would be much more efficient if appropriate operational strategies are implemented. Proper management improvements such as Reversed Lane and In-bound Shuttle could greatly maximize the number of persons/vehicles evacuated in the area. The selected operational plan can efficiently evacuate all persons in the Texas Medical Center in suitable simulation scenario under a given incident assumption. The framework of developing transportation evacuation plan is tested and proven to be effective in the Texas Medical Center. The microscopic simulation based study process is targeted on small and dense areas and it can be used in any other similar areas. It is recommended that further work be conducted to form a comprehensive evacuation plan.
Download or read book Use and Comparison of Traffic Simulation Models in the Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evacuation of vulnerable coastal areas in the event of an emergency such as an impending hurricane has become a significant safety issue due to the rapid growth of both permanent and tourist populations in these areas. Highway capacity has often not been upgraded in line with this demand growth. In the case of Hurricane Floyd in 1999, evacuations of areas of North and South Carolina resulted in several highly congested primary highways and, as a result, several states created Lane Reversal Plans for interstates and/or divided highways along evacuation routes. However, these plans were created with little data to rely on as to their efficiency. A major research study was funded by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) to use simulation modeling to investigate the effects of the Interstate 40 Lane Reversal Plan on the evacuation of Wilmington and New Hanover County, North Carolina. In addition to the analysis of the effects of lane reversal, a side-by-side comparison of the CORSIM and VISSIM simulation models was performed on the highway network based on demand estimates provided by a demand study performed for the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Analysis using CORSIM and VISSIM showed lane reversal to provide considerable capacity increases to traffic attempting to exit New Hanover County via Interstate 40, which had significantly increased throughput and decreased queues within New Hanover County in the event of large-scale evacuations.
Download or read book HRIS Abstracts written by National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Optimization written by Christodoulos A. Floudas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 4646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the Encyclopedia of Optimization is to introduce the reader to a complete set of topics that show the spectrum of research, the richness of ideas, and the breadth of applications that has come from this field. The second edition builds on the success of the former edition with more than 150 completely new entries, designed to ensure that the reference addresses recent areas where optimization theories and techniques have advanced. Particularly heavy attention resulted in health science and transportation, with entries such as "Algorithms for Genomics", "Optimization and Radiotherapy Treatment Design", and "Crew Scheduling".
Download or read book Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security 4 Volume Set written by John G. Voeller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 2950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security is an essential and timely collection of resources designed to support the effective communication of homeland security research across all disciplines and institutional boundaries. Truly a unique work this 4 volume set focuses on the science behind safety, security, and recovery from both man-made and natural disasters has a broad scope and international focus. The Handbook: Educates researchers in the critical needs of the homeland security and intelligence communities and the potential contributions of their own disciplines Emphasizes the role of fundamental science in creating novel technological solutions Details the international dimensions of homeland security and counterterrorism research Provides guidance on technology diffusion from the laboratory to the field Supports cross-disciplinary dialogue in this field between operational, R&D and consumer communities
Download or read book Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning written by Arab Naser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Transportation and Evacuation Planning: A Modeling-Based Approach provides a new paradigm for evacuation planning strategies and techniques. Recently, evacuation planning and modeling have increasingly attracted interest among researchers as well as government officials. This interest stems from the recent catastrophic hurricanes and weather-related events that occurred in the southeastern United States (Hurricane Katrina and Rita). The evacuation methods that were in place before and during the hurricanes did not work well and resulted in thousands of deaths. This book offers insights into the methods and techniques that allow for implementing mathematical-based, simulation-based, and integrated optimization and simulation-based engineering approaches for evacuation planning.
Download or read book Discrete Optimization and Agent Based Simulation for Regional Evacuation Network Design Problem written by Xinghua Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural disasters and extreme events are often characterized by their violence and unpredictability, resulting in consequences that in severe cases result in devastating physical and ecological damage as well as countless fatalities. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit the Southern coast of the United States wielding serious weather and storm surges. The brunt of Katrina's force was felt in Louisiana, where the hurricane has been estimated to total more than $108 billion in damage and over 1,800 casualties. Hurricane Rita followed Katrina in September 2005 and further contributed $12 billion in damage and 7 fatalities to the coastal communities of Louisiana and Texas. Prior to making landfall, residents of New Orleans received a voluntary, and then a mandatory, evacuation order in an attempt to encourage people to move themselves out of Hurricane Katrina's predicted destructive path. Consistent with current practice in nearly all states, this evacuation order did not include or convey any information to individuals regarding route selection, shelter availability and assignment, or evacuation timing. This practice leaves the general population free to determine their own routes, destinations and evacuation times independently. Such freedom often results in inefficient and chaotic utilization of the roadways within an evacuation region, quickly creating bottlenecks along evacuation routes that can slow individual egress and lead to significant and potentially dangerous exposure of the evacuees to the impending storm. One way to assist the over-burdened and over-exposed population during extreme event evacuation is to provide an evacuation strategy that gives specific information on individual route selection, evacuation timing and shelter destination assignment derived from effective, strategic pre-planning. For this purpose, we present a mixed integer linear program to devise effective and controlled evacuation networks to be utilized during extreme event egress. To solve our proposed model, we develop a solution methodology based on Benders Decomposition and test its performance through an experimental design using the Central Texas region as our case study area. We show that our solution methods are efficient for large-scale instances of realistic size and that our methods surpass the size and computational limitations currently imposed by more traditional approaches such as branch-and-cut. To further test our model under conditions of uncertain individual choice/behavior, we create an agent-based simulation capable of modeling varying levels of evacuee compliance to the suggested optimal routes and varying degrees of communication between evacuees and between evacuees and the evacuation authority. By providing evacuees with information on when to evacuate, where to evacuate and how to get to their prescribed destination, we are able to observe significant cost and time increases for our case study evacuation scenarios while reducing the potential exposure of evacuees to the hurricane through more efficient network usage. We provide discussion on scenario performance and show the trade-offs and benefits of alternative batch-time evacuation strategies using global and individual effectiveness measures. Through these experiments and the developed methodology, we are able to further motivate the need for a more coordinated and informative approach to extreme event evacuation. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148251
Download or read book Dynamic Multilevel Modeling in the Design of Decision Support Systems for Rescue Simulation written by Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the world's worst natural disasters is tsunami, in particularly when they hit a crowded coastal city. Coastal cities need to be prepared for such disasters in order to mitigate losses. One major problem would be to find the best evacuation procedure in evacuating a coastal city so as to minimize the number of casualties. In this thesis, we address the problems which involved scaling up simulations for evacuating of pedestrians in a city. Firstly, EBMs have the advantage of solving the big problems in acceptable time. Therefore, EBMs are chosen for optimizing sign placement system by Minimization of Average Evacuation Time (MAET). In addition, we use Lighthill, Whitham and Richards model (LRW) of pedestrian flow on a road network. However, they are difficult to consider the problem in detail with different realistic factors. While Agent-based models (ABMs) take into account the heterogeneity of pedestrians' behaviors and the unspecified road network conditions. However, the computational cost was huge when applied for larger number of evacuees and large dynamic environment. The result of simulation using ABM requires huge experiments, so the speed of simulation is a problem that we want to investigate. We consider a Hybrid-based model (HBM) combining the advantages of both ABM and EBM. Thirdly, the problem of speeding up very large environment in ABMs such as the ones used in crowd simulation is key to support realistic Decision Support Systems. The key idea is to exploit the advantages from both macro and micro modeling. Last but not least, the results achieved in the thesis are: (i) Formulating the problem of evacuation; (ii) Formulating the optimal alert signs system; (iii) Describing the initial population distribution (iv) Simulating Tsunami evacuation on road network of Nha Trang city; (v) Building the Hybrid-Based Model to speed up simulation; (vi) Integrating ABM and MAET to make the results better for the optimal alert signs system.
Download or read book Regional Traffic Simulation for Emergency Preparedness written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transportation Security written by John G. Voeller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation Security features articles from the Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security covering topics related to security challenge of transportation systems in the USA and elsewhere, performance measures, including coverage of critical supply chain protection and emergency evacuation.
Download or read book Emergency Planning written by John Millar Carroll and published by La Jolla, Calif. : Society for Computer Simulation. This book was released on 1985 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dam Failure Mechanisms and Risk Assessment written by Limin Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the physical processes of dam breaching and the mathematical aspects of risk assessment in a concise manner • The first book that introduces the causes, processes and consequences of dam failures • Integrates the physical processes of dam breaching and the mathematical aspects of risk assessment in a concise manner • Emphasizes integrating theory and practice to better demonstrate the application of risk assessment and decision methodologies to real cases • Intends to formulate dam-breaching emergency management steps in a scientific structure
Download or read book Critical Infrastructure Emergency Evacuation and Logistics of Disaster Recovery 2014 written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Transportation Research Record (TRR): Journal of the Transportation Research Board (TRR), No. 2459: Critical infrastructure, emergency Evacuation, and logistics of disaster recovery 2014 summarizes ways to plan post-disaster operations in a highway network; a model for investigating traffic incident impacts on evacuation times in large-scale emergencies; an approach for assessing climate change vulnerabilities in transportation infrastructure; and a cost assessment of highway bridge networks subjected to extreme seismic events. This TRR also explores mobility benefits of intermediate crossovers on contraflow facilities during hurricane evacuation; mathematical modeling of command-and-control strategies in crowd movement; a network flow solution method for optimal evacuation traffic routing and signal control with nonuniform threats; a simulation study of evacuation routes and traffic management strategies in short-notice emergency evacuation; and accessibility of low-income populations to safe zones during localized evacuations. In addition, this TRR examines an efficient negative cycle-canceling algorithm for finding the optimal traffic routing for network evacuation with nonuniform threats; modeling and assessment of crossing elimination for no-notice evacuations; effects of phased evacuations on highway networks in megaregions; use of social media data to explore crisis informatics; use of mobile LiDAR data to assess hurricane damage and visualize community vulnerability; and experiences and lessons learned with urban ferries and catastrophic floods." -- Publisher's description
