Download or read book Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Siloxanes belong to a group of substances used in a number of industrial applications and in consumer products such as additives in fuel, car polish, cleaners, anti foamiers and car waxes. Besides this, they are widely used in e.g. personal care and biomedical products. As a result of their wide use, siloxanes are presumably spread into the environment both via point sources and via diffuse sources and may be found in the environment. Recent studies have suggested that siloxanes may have direct or indirect toxic effects on various biological processes. The aim of this screening study was to obtain a snapshot of the occurrence of siloxanes in the Nordic environment. The here presented screening study involved six countries: Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Sampled media types were air, biota, sediment, sludge, soil and water. Siloxanes were found in all the analysed samples types except soils. The results indicate that there is a general pollution of siloxanes in the Nordic environment, close to dense population and major sources. There was, however, a great variation in concentrations. The cyclic siloxanes occurred in all media in significantly higher concentrations than the linear siloxanes. At present, the observed concentrations are not alarmingly high, and many background sites seem to be non-contaminated. However, the use of siloxanes is extensive and it is possible that continued use will lead to increased environmental levels, eventually reaching effect concentrations.
Download or read book Volatile Methylsiloxanes in the Environment written by Vera Homem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprising 12 chapters, this book focuses on volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs), the shorter-chained organosiloxanes, and reviews the main areas and environmental compartments where they have been found and studied. It opens with a detailed description of the structural and functional properties, toxic risks and possible transformations of VMSs in the environment and their main uses in various activities and products, as well as the identification of the main sources of emission. Further chapters examine the analytical strategies and protocols that have been used to address the quantification of VMSs, including the issue of possible cross-contaminations. The book also discusses the presence of VMSs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in water bodies, their atmospheric fate and levels in biota, as well as occurrences of VMSs in remote areas of the world. It closes with a comprehensive conclusion and discussion on future directions for upcoming studies. This book is not intended as a finishing line, but rather as an important step towards improving our understanding of VMSs, to fuel new collaborations between research groups and/or with industry and lastly to convince more researchers to explore the mysteries of these ubiquitous, yet understudied, chemicals.
Download or read book Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment written by M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers an overview of the occurrence and distribution of personal care products in continental and marine waters, presents analytical methods and degradation technologies and discusses their impact on human health. Experts from different disciplines highlight major issues for each family of compounds related to their occurrence in the water column as well as in solid and biota samples, methodological strategies for their analysis, non-conventional degradation technologies, (eco)toxicity data and their human and environmental risk assessment. The book also includes a general introduction to personal care products, covering their properties, use, behaviour and regulatory framework, and a final chapter identifying knowledge gaps and future research trends. It will appeal to experts from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental engineering.
Download or read book International Environment Reporter written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waterproof and Water Repellent Textiles and Clothing written by John T Williams and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterproof and Water Repellent Textiles and Clothing provides systematic coverage of the key types of finishes and high performance materials, from conventional wax and silicone, through controversial, but widely used fluoropolymers and advanced techniques, such as atmospheric plasma deposition and sol-gel technology. The book is an essential resource for all those engaged in garment development, production and finishing, and for academics engaged in research into apparel technology and textile science. Rapid innovation in this field is driving new performance demands in many areas, including the sporting and military sectors. However, another innovation driver is the regulatory framework in the USA, Europe and globally, addressing both health concerns (e.g. with PFOS / PFOA) and environmental impacts (e.g. C8 fluorocarbon finishes). Both of these aspects are fully covered, along with the replacement materials / technologies currently available and under development. In addition, oleophobic and multifunctional coatings are discussed, as are aspects of performance, testing and applications in sportswear, protective clothing, and footwear. - Introduces innovative materials and technologies, exploring their current and potential use across different sectors - Provides expert guidance on the health and environmental aspects of key waterproof materials and coatings and their associated regulations - Demystifies testing processes and design principles
Download or read book PFASs in the Nordic environment written by Anna Kärrman and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
Download or read book Screening of phenolic substances in the Nordic environments written by Nordiska Ministerrådet and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Ecotoxicology written by Julián Blasco and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination, responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in relation to the world's oceans. As the threat of increasing pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to mitigate that threat. - Provides practical tools and methods for assessing and monitoring the accumulation and effects of contaminants in marine environments - Unites world renowned experts in marine ecotoxicology to deliver thorough and diverse perspectives - Builds the foundation required for risk assessors and regulators to adequately assess and monitor the impact of pollution in marine environments - Offers helpful insights and guidance to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators interested in mitigating threats to marine waters
Download or read book Screening of Chlorinated Paraffins Dechloranes and UV filters in Nordic Countries written by Schlabach, Martin and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-519/ On behalf of the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Screening Group, NILU and NIVA performed a monitoring study on selected environmental contaminants, namely UV-filters, dechloranes, and chlorinated paraffins. UV-compounds were frequently detected in samples related to the marine food web. In the group of dechloranes, dechlorane 602 was detected most frequently in samples related to the marine, freshwater, and terrestrial food web. Short and medium chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) were found in most of the samples, but long chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) with a slightly lower detection frequency. For nearly all biota samples, the concentrations of MCCPs were higher than the SCCP concentrations. LCCP-concentrations were as high or higher than the SCCP-concentrations.
Download or read book Potential Ozone Depleting Substances written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report written by North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorinated paraffins in urban air in Nordic Countries written by Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2023-05-11 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-515/ On behalf of the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Screening Group, NILU performed a study on short-, medium- and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, LCCPs) in urban air. Tire wear particles have been suggested to be a source for CPs and elevated urban concentrations of CPs. Air samples were here collected in three Nordic capitals (Finland, Iceland and Norway) in wintertime and in summertime. Higher concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were observed in wintertime than in summertime in Norway and Finland but no difference was observed in Iceland. Elevated concentrations of MCCPs and LCCPs were found at individual sites, but the concentrations at the urban sites were not consistently higher than at a background monitoring site. The results therefore showed no clear relationship to traffic. Instead, sources may be more diffusive and local sources seem to differ.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 3 Test No 315 Bioaccumulation in Sediment dwelling Benthic Oligochaetes written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes a method to assess bioaccumulation of sediment-associated chemicals in endobenthic oligochaetes worms. It applies to stable, neutral organic chemicals having log Kow values between 3.0 and 6.0, superlipophilic ...
Download or read book State of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Report written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first report of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) to summarize status and trends in biotic elements in the arctic marine environment. The effort has identified knowledge gaps in circumpolar biodiversity monitoring. CBMP is the cornerstone program of Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF).
Download or read book The Nordic Banking Crisis written by Mr.Burkhard Drees and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-04-20 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the banking crises in Finland, Norway and Sweden, which took place in the early 1990s, and draws some policy conclusions from their experiences. One key conclusion is that factors in addition to business cycle effects explain the Nordic countries financial problems. Although the timing of the deregulation in all three countries coincided with a strongly expansionary macroeconomic momentum, the main reasons for the banking crises were the delayed policy responses, the structural characteristics of the financial systems, and the banks inadequate internal risk-management controls.
Download or read book Joint Nordic screening of emerging pollutants written by Susanne Boutrup and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategy and results This brochure highlights the work conducted by the Joint Nordic screening group. The activities in the Joint Nordic Screening Group can be divided into three areas: 1) Joint screening studies, 2) Sharing knowledge by organizing seminars and 3) literature studies. The aim of the joint Nordic screening studies is to obtain a snapshot of the occurrence of emerging pollutants in the environment. A Nordic cooperation on screening studies is an advantage for increased representativity of the results since it is possible to include a larger number of samples in a larger area than normally in national studies. In addition, it is cost effective and makes it easy to compare results with neighbouring countries. The group has its own webpage, from where the reports can be downloaded.
Download or read book Surface Water Photochemistry written by Paola Calza and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borne out of the current widespread interest in the pollution of water bodies, this book explores the latest research concerning the photochemical fate of organic pollutants in surface water. The main objective is to give insight into both the functioning of ecosystems and the behaviour of emerging pollutants in those ecosystems. Particular importance is dedicated to techniques that can be used in the field and in the laboratory for the detection of pollutants and of their transformation intermediates. The inclusion of photochemical processes that have not gained previous coverage will afford the reader novel insights, whilst the focus on modelling and transformation intermediates will ensure the title's relevance to academics, the chemical manufacturing industries and environmental assessment experts alike.
