Download or read book Silicon Versus Carbon written by Yuri Magarshak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-21 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though there is no generally accepted definition of nanotechnologies to be defined as distinct discipline there is an emerging consensus that their advent and development is a growing in importance factor of the contemporary and future technological civilization. One of these most fundamental issues we are confronted with is the compatibility with life itself. From single cell organisms to humans, carbon is a key building block of all molecular structures of life. In contrast the man created electronic industry to build on other elements, of which silicon is the most common. Both carbon and silicon create molecular chains, although different in their internal structure. All life is built from carbon-based chains. As long as the man built technological products do not directly interfere with the physiology of life the associated risks from them are relatively easy to identify. They are primarily in the environmental pollution and the possibility of upsetting the natural balance of biocoenosis, on a planetary scale. The basic life functions are still not directly subverted. We can use TV, computers, drive cars and use other technological utilities without fear of direct interference with our cellular functions. This is in particular because all these technological utilities are many orders of magnitude larger than typical scales of biological activity. Most of biological activity, from fermentative catalysis to DNA replication takes place on nanoscale. The situation is radically different when the technological goals are building nanoscale size products. All biological processes take place on nanoscale.
Download or read book Carbon Containing Layers on Silicon written by H.J. Osten and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1999-07-07 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The addition of supersaturated carbon to silicon or silicon-germanium thin films leads to a new class of semiconducting materials. This new material can alleviate some of the constraints on strained Si1-xGex and may help to open up new fields of device applications for heteroepitaxial Si-based systems. Basic growth problems, as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of Si1-yCy and Si1-x-yGexCy layers grown pseudomorphically onto Si(001), have been reviewed. The incorporation of carbon can be used (i) to enhance SiGe layer properties, (ii) to obtain layers with new properties, or (iii) to control dopant diffusion in microelectronic devices. The phenomenon of suppressed boron diffusion in carbon-rich epitaxial layers can be used to increase the performance of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). When compared with SiGe technologies, the addition of carbon offers a significantly greater flexibility in process design and a greater latitude in processing margins.
Download or read book Chemistry of the Main Group Elements written by Andrew Barron and published by Midas Green Innovations. This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main group elements represent the most prevalent elements in the Earth's crust, as well as most of the key elements of life, and have enormous industrial, economic, and environmental importance. In this regard an understanding of the chemistry of the main group elements is vital for students within science, engineering, and medicine; however, it is hoped that those who make political and economic decisions would make better ones (or at least more responsible ones) if they had a fraction of the knowledge of the world around them.
Download or read book Astrobiology written by Kevin W. Plaxco and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informed by new planetary discoveries and the findings from recent robotic missions to Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, scientists are rapidly replacing centuries of speculation about potential extraterrestrial habitats with real knowledge about the possibility of life outside our own biosphere -- if it exists, and where. This second edition of Kevin W. Plaxco and Michael Gross's widely acclaimed text incorporates the latest research in astrobiology to bring readers the most comprehensive, up-to-date, and engaging introduction to the field available. Plaxco and Gross expand their examination of the origin of chemical elements, the developments that made the Universe habitable, and how life continues to be sustained. They discuss in great detail the formation of the first galaxies and stars, the diverse chemistry of the primordial planet, the origins of metabolism, the evolution of complex organisms, and the feedback regulation of Earth's climate. They also explore life in extreme habitats, potential extraterrestrial habitats, and the current status of the search for extraterrestrial life. Weaving together the relevant threads of astronomy, geology, chemistry, biophysics, and microbiology, this broadly accessible introductory text captures the excitement, controversy, and progress of the dynamic young field of astrobiology. New to this edition is a glossary of terms and an epilogue recapping the key unanswered questions, making Astrobiology an ideal primer for students and, indeed, for anyone curious about life and the Universe. Praise for the first edition of Astrobiology "Certainly the most readable introduction to astrobiology now available." -- Chemical and Engineering News "Plaxco and Gross bring us as close to aliens as we can currently get. I recommend this book to anyone interested in science's newest kid on the block." -- Astronomy Now "A good read for all those who are fascinated by the search for extraterrestrial life and the origin of life on our own planet. I shall certainly value it in my own library." -- Chemistry World "An accessible guide to this young and interdisciplinary field." -- Physics World "The fascinating world of extremophiles is well presented, and a broad overview of the searches for evidence of life beyond Earth rounds off the book. The text is liberally illustrated with relevant figures that greatly enhance the content, and entertaining snippets of information detailing the quirks of research in this field nicely supplement the scientific content." -- Astrobiology "A comprehensive yet concise introduction to the field." -- The Space Review
Download or read book General Chemistry written by Donald Allan McQuarrie and published by Univ Science Books. This book was released on 2011 with total page 1116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Atoms First seems to be the flavor of the year in chemistry textbooks, but many of them seem to be little more than rearrangement of the chapters. It takes a master like McQuarrie to go back to the drawing board and create a logical development from smallest to largest that makes sense to students."---Hal Harris, University of Missouri-St. Louis "McQuarrie's book is extremely well written, the order of topics is logical, and it does a great job with both introductory material and more advanced concepts. Students of all skill levels will be able to learn from this book."---Mark Kearley, Florida State University This new fourth edition of General Chemistry takes an atoms-first approach from beginning to end. In the tradition of McQuarrie's many previous works, it promises to be another ground-breaking text. This superb new book combines the clear writing and wonderful problems that have made McQuarrie famous among chemistry professors and students worldwide. Presented in an elegant design with all-new illustrations, it is available in a soft-cover edition to offer professors a fresh choice at an outstanding value. Student supplements include an online series of descriptive chemistry Interchapters, a Student Solutions Manual, and an optional state-of-the-art Online Homework program. For adopting professors, an Instructor's Manual and a CD of the art are also available.
Download or read book Starquake written by Robert L. Forward and published by Dissertation.com. This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starquake, the sequel to Dragon’s Egg, takes place on the surface of a neutron star. The gravity is 67 billion Earth gravities. The native “cheela”, the size of sesame seeds, live a million times faster than their human friends in orbit. After a starquake, the humans have only one day to save the remains of cheela civilization from extinction.
Download or read book Deep Carbon written by Beth N. Orcutt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book The Analogy of Carbon and Silicon as Shown by a Comparative Study of Some of Their Compounds written by Paul Van Cleef and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uller Uprising written by H. Beam Piper and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-11-17 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uller is a corporate world where the natives (silicon humanoids with four arms and a face like a lizard) are ruled by Terro-Human Company. Natives, who outnumber humans, but aren't as advanced, have had it up with the imperialist Company and start a rebellion which will see many dead on both sides.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Silicon written by Eugene George Rochow and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon Polymers written by Aziz M. Muzafarov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-22 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Synthetic and Application Aspects of Polysilanes: An Underestimated Class of Materials?, by A. Feigl, A. Bockholt, J. Weis, and B. Rieger; * Conjugated Organosilicon Materials for Organic Electronics and Photonics, by Sergei A. Ponomarenko and Stephan Kirchmeyer; * Polycarbosilanes Based on Silicon-Carbon Cyclic Monomers, by E.Sh. Finkelshtein, N.V. Ushakov, and M.L. Gringolts; * New Synthetic Strategies for Structured Silicones Using B(C6F5)3, by Michael A. Brook, John B. Grande, and François Ganachaud; * Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes with Controlled Structure: Formation and Application in New Si-Based Polymer Systems, by Yusuke Kawakami, Yuriko Kakihana, Akio Miyazato, Seiji Tateyama, and Md. Asadul Hoque;
Download or read book Cosmic Genetic Evolution written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-18 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic Genetic Evolution, Volume 106 in the Advances in Genetics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Panspermia, Cometary Panspermia and Origin of Life, The Efficient Lamarckian Spread of Life in the Cosmos, The Sociology of Science and Generality of the DNA/RNA/Protein Paradigm Throughout the Cosmos, The Mutagenic Source and Power of Our Own Evolution, Origin of New Emergent Coronavirus and Candida Fungal Diseases – Terrestrial or Cosmic?, and Future Prospects for Investigation -The Near-Earth Neighborhood and Beyond. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Genetics series - Updated release includes the latest information on the Cosmic Genetic Evolution
Download or read book The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-07-26 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for life in the solar system and beyond has to date been governed by a model based on what we know about life on Earth (terran life). Most of NASA's mission planning is focused on locations where liquid water is possible and emphasizes searches for structures that resemble cells in terran organisms. It is possible, however, that life exists that is based on chemical reactions that do not involve carbon compounds, that occurs in solvents other than water, or that involves oxidation-reduction reactions without oxygen gas. To assist NASA incorporate this possibility in its efforts to search for life, the NRC was asked to carry out a study to evaluate whether nonstandard biochemistry might support life in solar system and conceivable extrasolar environments, and to define areas to guide research in this area. This book presents an exploration of a limited set of hypothetical chemistries of life, a review of current knowledge concerning key questions or hypotheses about nonterran life, and suggestions for future research.
Download or read book Chemistry written by Bruce Averill and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science.
Download or read book Carbon in Earth s Interior written by Craig E. Manning and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon in Earth's fluid envelopes - the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, plays a fundamental role in our planet's climate system and a central role in biology, the environment, and the economy of earth system. The source and original quantity of carbon in our planet is uncertain, as are the identities and relative importance of early chemical processes associated with planetary differentiation. Numerous lines of evidence point to the early and continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth's surface and its interior, including diamonds, carbon-rich mantle-derived magmas, carbonate rocks in subduction zones and springs carrying deeply sourced carbon-bearing gases. Thus, there is little doubt that a substantial amount of carbon resides in our planet's interior. Yet, while we know it must be present, carbon's forms, transformations and movements at conditions relevant to the interiors of Earth and other planets remain uncertain and untapped. Volume highlights include: - Reviews key, general topics, such as carbonate minerals, the deep carbon cycle, and carbon in magmas or fluids - Describes new results at the frontiers of the field with presenting results on carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids at extreme conditions of planetary interiors - Brings together emerging insights into carbon's forms, transformations and movements through study of the dynamics, structure, stability and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials - Reviews emerging new insights into the properties of allied substances that carry carbon, into the rates of chemical and physical transformations, and into the complex interactions between moving fluids, magmas, and rocks to the interiors of Earth and other planets - Spans the various chemical redox states of carbon, from reduced hydrocarbons to zero-valent diamond and graphite to oxidized CO2 and carbonates - Captures and synthesizes the exciting results of recent, focused efforts in an emerging scientific discipline - Reports advances over the last decade that have led to a major leap forward in our understanding of carbon science - Compiles the range of methods that can be tapped tap from the deep carbon community, which includes experimentalists, first principles theorists, thermodynamic modelers and geodynamicists - Represents a reference point for future deep carbon science research Carbon in Planetary Interiors will be a valuable resource for researchers and students who study the Earth's interior. The topics of this volume are interdisciplinary, and therefore will be useful to professionals from a wide variety of fields in the Earth Sciences, such as mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, experimentalists, first principles theorists, thermodynamics, material science, chemistry, geophysics and geodynamics.
Download or read book Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials written by Hubert Jaeger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-05 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An excellent overview of industrial carbon and graphite materials, especially their manufacture, use and applications in industry. Following a short introduction, the main part of this reference deals with industrial forms, their raw materials, properties and manifold applications. Featuring chapters on carbon and graphite materials in energy application, and as catalysts. It covers all important classes of carbon and graphite, from polygranular materials to fullerenes, and from activated carbon to carbon blacks and nanoforms of carbon. Indispensable for chemists and engineers working in such fields as steel, aluminum, electrochemistry, nanotechnology, catalyst, carbon fibres and lightweight composites.
Download or read book Handbook of Carbon Graphite Diamonds and Fullerenes written by Hugh O. Pierson and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a review of the science and technology of the element carbon and its allotropes: graphite, diamond and the fullerenes. This field has expanded greatly in the last three decades stimulated by many major discoveries such as carbon fibers, low-pressure diamond, and the fullerenes. The need for such a book has been felt for some time. These carbon materials are very different in structure and properties. Some are very old (charcoal), others brand new (the fullerenes). They have different applications and markets and are produced by different segments of the industry.Few studies are available that attempt to review the entire field of carbon as a whole discipline. Moreover these studies were written several decades ago and a generally outdated since the development of the technology is moving very rapidly and scope of applications is constantly expanding and reaching into new fields such as aerospace, automotive, semiconductors, optics, and electronics. In this book the author provides a valuable, up-to-date account of both the newer and traditional forms of carbon, both naturally occurring and man-made. This volume will be a valuable resource for both specialists in, and occasional users of carbon materials.
