Download or read book Signal Detection Theory Applied to the Analysis of Response Latencies in Recognition Memory written by Steven Marc Koppell and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis in Psychology and Diagnostics written by John A. Swets and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal detection theory--as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory--was first applied to human sensory discrimination 40 years ago. The theoretical intent was to provide a valid model of the discrimination process; the methodological intent was to provide reliable measures of discrimination acuity in specific sensory tasks. An analytic method of detection theory, called the relative operating characteristic (ROC), can isolate the effect of the placement of the decision criterion, which may be variable and idiosyncratic, so that a pure measure of intrinsic discrimination acuity is obtained. For the past 20 years, ROC analysis has also been used to measure the discrimination acuity or inherent accuracy of a broad range of practical diagnostic systems. It was widely adopted by methodologists in the field of information retrieval, is increasingly used in weather forecasting, and is the generally preferred method in clinical medicine, primarily in radiology. This book attends to both themes, ROC analysis in the psychology laboratory and in practical diagnostic settings, and to their essential unity. The focus of this book is on detection and recognition as fundamental tasks that underlie most complex behaviors. As defined here, they serve to distinguish between two alternative, confusable stimulus categories, which may be perceptual or cognitive categories in the psychology laboratory, or different states of the world in practical diagnostic tasks. This book on signal detection theory in psychology was written by one of the developers of the theory, who co-authored with D.M. Green the classic work published in this area in 1966 (reprinted in 1974 and 1988). This volume reviews the history of the theory in engineering, statistics, and psychology, leading to the separate measurement of the two independent factors in all discrimination tasks, discrimination acuity and decision criterion. It extends the previous book to show how in several areas of psychology--in vigilance and memory--what had been thought to be discrimination effects were, in reality, effects of a changing criterion. The book shows that data plotted in terms of the relative operating characteristic have essentially the same form across the wide range of discrimination tasks in psychology. It develops the implications of this ROC form for measures of discrimination acuity, pointing up the valid ones and identifying several common, but invalid, ones. The area under the binormal ROC is seen to be supported by the data; the popular measures d' and percent correct are not. An appendix describes the best, current programs for fitting ROCs and estimating their parameters, indices, and standard errors. The application of ROC analysis to diagnostic tasks is also described. Diagnostic accuracy in a wide range of tasks can be expressed in terms of the ROC area index. Choosing the appropriate decision criterion for a given diagnostic setting--rather than considering some single criterion to be natural and fixed--has a major impact on the efficacy of a diagnostic process or system. Illustrated here by separate chapters are diagnostic systems in radiology, information retrieval, aptitude testing, survey research, and environments in which imminent dangerous conditions must be detected. Data from weather forecasting, blood testing, and polygraph lie detection are also reported. One of these chapters describes a general approach to enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic systems.
Download or read book Signal Detection and Recognition by Human Observers written by John A. Swets and published by Peninsula Pub. This book was released on 1989 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring Recognition Memory written by Brent M. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contributes to a growing body of research that attempts to bridge the chasm between basic and applied memory research. Its basic approach is to use signal detection theory to analyze higher-level cognitive components that influence recognition memory. The work consists of three research papers that examine the effects of internal and external sources of memory on discriminability and response bias in order to better understand memory in the real world. Paper one provides new evidence supporting a basic assumption of reality-monitoring theory that certain cognitive operations are important for knowing whether or not a memory comes from an internal source. This research demonstrates that people are more susceptible to false memories after completing mindfulness training because their reality-monitoring accuracy is reduced. Paper two examines the verbal overshadowing effect (where people are worse at correctly identifying someone from a police lineup after providing a verbal description of a face) with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine if that well-known effect is due to differences in actual memorability rather than differences in response bias. This research indicates that internally-generated information can be confused with an external memory source when the internally-generated information is not sufficiently detailed. Paper three examines the cross-race effect wherein memory is worse for a person of a different race than a person of the same race. This research indicates that although memory is worse in terms of discriminability, high-confidence identifications are just as reliable for a cross-race face as for a same-race face.
Download or read book The Nature of Cognition written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to introduce the study of cognition in terms of the major conceptual themes that underlie virtually all the substantive topics.
Download or read book Signal Detection written by Michael L. Commons and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on the 10th annual Harvard Symposium for the Quantitative Analysis of Behavior. The first Harvard Symposium was devoted to signal-detection analyses of reinforcement and choice behavior. The present volume reprises the original signal- detection theme, incorporating additional insights based on experimental and theoretical analyses undertaken during the years separating the two conferences. This collection illustrates how signal-detection theory, first advanced to account for performance in threshold-level sensory discrimination, has broadened to encompass a variety of psychological problems involving discriminations between confusable stimuli. The approach is quantitative in its emphasis on estimation of independent parameters of the discrimination process, and analytical in its efforts to separate the determiners of discriminability and bias and to identify the mechanisms of their operation. Above all, the book is broadly integrative in its approach to diverse problems. This volume is based on the 10th annual Harvard Symposium for the Quantitative Analysis of Behavior. The first Harvard Symposium was devoted to signal-detection analyses of reinforcement and choice behavior. The present volume reprises the original signal- detection theme, incorporating additional insights based on experimental and theoretical analyses undertaken during the years separating the two conferences.
Download or read book Detection Theory written by Michael J. Hautus and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection Theory: A User’s Guide is an introduction to one of the most important tools for the analysis of data where choices must be made and performance is not perfect. In these cases, detection theory can transform judgments about subjective experiences, such as perceptions and memories, into quantitative data ready for analysis and modeling. For beginners, the first three chapters introduce measuring detection and discrimination, evaluating decision criteria, and the utility of receiver operating characteristics. Later chapters cover more advanced research paradigms, including: complete tools for application, including flowcharts, tables, and software; student-friendly language; complete coverage of content area, including both one-dimensional and multidimensional models; integrated treatment of threshold and nonparametric approaches; an organized, tutorial level introduction to multidimensional detection theory; and popular discrimination paradigms presented as applications of multidimensional detection theory. This modern summary of signal detection theory is both a self-contained reference work for users and a readable text for graduate students and researchers learning the material either in courses or on their own.
Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and Recognition Memory written by Rick M. Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recognition Memory for Source written by Scott David Slotnick and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Testing Theories of Recognition Memory by Predicting Performance Across Paradigms written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal detection theory, one of the most common decision theories used in the analysis of recognition data, is used analytically to derive estimates of D (sensitivity or strength) and bias from hit & false-alarm rates. More recently, it has been proposed that retrieval in recognition is characterized by a second recollection process that operates in conjunction with a strength-based process. From this dual-process account, a new decision theory known as dual-process theory has been developed & used to derive estimates of D, response bias, and the probability of recollection from hit & false-alarm rates. This paper describes two experiments that tested predictions of the two theories by comparing the invariance of parameter estimates between yes/no and two-alternative forced-choice testing paradigms. The paper evaluates & discusses the extent to which each theory possesses theoretical validity versus computational flexibility in curve fitting.
Download or read book Signal Detection Analysis of Recall and Recognition Memory written by Wayne Donaldson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Signal detection based Investigation Into the Nature of Recognition Memory written by Laura Beth Mickes and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition memory is the ability to consciously appreciate that an item or event was previously presented or experienced. Signal detection theory has long provided one influential interpretation of recognition memory, and numerous investigations conducted over the last 50 years have sought to clarify the particulars of this account. Analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) data can distinguish between two versions of signal detection theory, specifically, the equal and unequal variance models. The equal variance signal detection model is intuitively appealing, but the unequal variance signal detection model usually provides a better fit of the ROC data. Chapter 1 describes two experiments that provide a novel test of the unequal variance assumption. This new method of analysis required subjects to directly rate their memory strength on a fine-grained scale, and then the mean and standard deviations of the target and lure ratings were directly computed. Results from the new method support the unequal variance signal detection model. Though the unequal variance signal detection theory of recognition memory provides a useful way to conceptualize recognition, there is another long-standing theory of recognition known as dual process theory that seems to contradict it. This theory holds that two processes (familiarity and recollection) contribute to recognition decisions. A critical point of contention between standard dual process models and signal detection theory concerns the nature of the recollection process, specifically, whether it is continuous or categorical. Dual-process theories generally assume that recollection is categorical, but signal detection theory requires it to be continuous. Chapters 2 and 3 provide direct evidence that recollection is a continuous process. In Chapter 2, two versions of a source memory experiment were conducted. The continuous view of recollection was supported because the relationship between confidence and accuracy on this recollection-based task was graded. The results detailed in Chapter 3 further validate recollection as a continuous process. The method involved an associative recognition test, which purportedly tests recollection in the absence of familiarity. In this task, word pairs were studied and then at test, the pairs were either intact or rearranged. When the word pairs were strengthened, we observed the typical result of an increasingly curvilinear ROC. Evidence from various procedures converged to suggest that recollection is a continuous process. The three chapters support the unequal variance signal detection theory of recognition memory and the idea that two continuous processes aggregate to yield a continuous memory strength variable.
Download or read book A Single system Signal detection Theory of Repetition Priming and Recognition Memory written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Single system Signal detection Theory of Repetition Printing and Recognition Memory written by Christopher James Berry and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using the Theory of Signal Detection to Improve Ad Recognition Testing written by Surendra Singh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition tests are a very popular means of assessing the memory effectiveness of advertisements. Unfortunately the recognition scores obtained by current methods reflect both the memory for an advertisement and the response biases of the respondents. The authors introduce the theory of signal detection (TSD) which can be used to secure independent estimates of memory and response bias in recognition tests. They discuss how TSD can be used to improve ad recognition testing.
Download or read book Detection Theory written by Neil A. Macmillan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-09-22 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection Theory is an introduction to one of the most important tools for analysis of data where choices must be made and performance is not perfect. Originally developed for evaluation of electronic detection, detection theory was adopted by psychologists as a way to understand sensory decision making, then embraced by students of human memory. It has since been utilized in areas as diverse as animal behavior and X-ray diagnosis. This book covers the basic principles of detection theory, with separate initial chapters on measuring detection and evaluating decision criteria. Some other features include: *complete tools for application, including flowcharts, tables, pointers, and software; *student-friendly language; *complete coverage of content area, including both one-dimensional and multidimensional models; *separate, systematic coverage of sensitivity and response bias measurement; *integrated treatment of threshold and nonparametric approaches; *an organized, tutorial level introduction to multidimensional detection theory; *popular discrimination paradigms presented as applications of multidimensional detection theory; and *a new chapter on ideal observers and an updated chapter on adaptive threshold measurement. This up-to-date summary of signal detection theory is both a self-contained reference work for users and a readable text for graduate students and other researchers learning the material either in courses or on their own.
Download or read book Contributions of Signal detection Mechanisms and Semantic Memory Representations to Famous Name Recognition written by Ben Bowles and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In past research, investigators have often used the recognition memory paradigm to study the cognitive and neural processes that permit the ability to accurately assess whether or not stimuli are familiar. This paradigm involves presenting stimuli to participants in a study phase, and examining their later recognition of them when these stimuli are subsequently presented again in a later test phase. It is not well understood, however, whether the same mechanisms that support familiarity assessment in recognition memory also support familiarity based on general life experience (e.g., recognizing a famous celebrity in daily life). To address this, I implemented modified recognition memory paradigms for the purpose of better understanding the processes that support famous name recognition. In Chapter 2, I developed a signal-detection model that describes how people discriminate between famous and fictional names. I found that similarly to recognition memory, famous name recognition relies on graded evidence that can be modeled successfully with Gaussian distributions. In Chapter 3, I studied the contributions of semantic knowledge to famous name familiarity, with a focus on recognition experiences in which 'names ring a bell'. I revealed that despite the fact that participants understand this recognition experience to reflect situations where names are familiar but do not provoke retrieval of any related semantic details, they still achieve above-chance performance on an occupation forced-choice task for the same names. Based on these results, I investigated in Chapter 4 whether 'name rings a bell' experiences engage the same brain regions as those that also support the ability to successfully retrieve semantic knowledge about famous names. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, I examined whether the brain regions that support 'name rings a bell' experiences overlap with those that support successful identification and correct occupation forced-choice decisions. Two brain areas that I found to be engaged during 'name rings a bell' responses were also engaged while participant's successfully retrieved semantic knowledge for names, which included the left posterior middle temporal gyrus and an inferior aspect of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Overall, my thesis advances our knowledge of how feelings of familiarity for famous names relate to underlying semantic representations about them.
