Download or read book Should We Use Our 911 Forces to Conduct Peacekeeping Operations written by John A. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army of the future faces the challenges of a decreased force that must respond to a Nation's calling whether in combat or Operations Other Than War (OOTW) such as peace operations. We can assume based on guidance provided by the National Security Strategy (NSS) and our senior leaders that peace operations will continue in the future. While this presents challenges to our basic warfighting mission it also has positive implications to the future Army. Until the 1st Cavalry Division deployed, the bulk of the forces assigned to peacekeeping came from Europe's two divisions and the 10th Mountain Division. By deciding to use "911" forces, those identified as first to deploy for contingency missions, to conduct peacekeeping operations the Army has taken steps to ease the impacts of OPTEMPO. Additionally, it has provided a training ground for future leaders while minimizing readiness impacts and still maintaining forces combat ready. Today and in the future the United States cannot afford to exclude a division and have it just focus on one particular spectrum of war. All forces must be able to operate within the full spectrum of future operations. This paper examines the implications of using "First to Fight" i.e. "911" Divisions for Operations Other Than War by specifically reviewing the impact on readiness, operational tempo (OPTEMPO) and leadership.
Download or read book Should We Use Our 911 Forces to Conduct Peacekeeping Operations What are the Implications on Readiness Operational Tempo OPTEMPO and Leadership written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army of the future faces the challenges of a decreased force that must respond to a Nation's calling whether in combat or Operations Other Than War (OOTW) such as peace operations. We can assume based on guidance provided by the National Security Strategy (NSS) and our senior leaders that peace operations will continue in the future. While this presents challenges to our basic warfighting mission it also has positive implications to the future Army. Until the 1st Cavalry Division deployed, the bulk of the forces assigned to peacekeeping came from Europe's two divisions and the 10th Mountain Division. By deciding to use "911" forces, those identified as first to deploy for contingency missions, to conduct peacekeeping operations the Army has taken steps to ease the impacts of OPTEMPO. Additionally, it has provided a training ground for future leaders while minimizing readiness impacts and still maintaining forces combat ready. Today and in the future the United States cannot afford to exclude a division and have it just focus on one particular spectrum of war. All forces must be able to operate within the full spectrum of future operations. This paper examines the implications of using "First to Fight" i.e. "911" Divisions for Operations Other Than War by specifically reviewing the impact on readiness, operational tempo (OPTEMPO) and leadership.
Download or read book The Use of Force in UN Peace Operations written by Trevor Findlay and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2002 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most vexing issues that has faced the international community since the end of the Cold War has been the use of force by the United Nations peacekeeping forces. UN intervention in civil wars, as in Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Rwanda, has thrown into stark relief the difficulty of peacekeepers operating in situations where consent to their presence and activities is fragile or incomplete and where there is little peace to keep. Complex questions arise in these circumstances. When and how should peacekeepers use force to protect themselves, to protect their mission, or, most troublingly, to ensure compliance by recalcitrant parties with peace accords? Is a peace enforcement role for peacekeepers possible or is this simply war by another name? Is there a grey zone between peacekeeping and peace enforcement? Trevor Findlay reveals the history of the use of force by UN peacekeepers from Sinai in the 1950s to Haiti in the 1990s. He untangles the arguments about the use of force in peace operations and sets these within the broader context of military doctrine and practice. Drawing on these insights the author examines proposals for future conduct of UN operations, including the formulation of UN peacekeeping doctrine and the establishment of a UN rapid reaction force.
Download or read book Status of Personnel Use of Force and International Law of Armed Conflict in the Context of New United Nations Peacekeeping Operations written by Jeffrey Walker and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the end of the Cold War and the resurgence of dormant ethnic and intrastate conflicts within many nations, the demands for international forces to keep the peace, ensure humanitarian relief, and secure democratic institutions in splintering states around the world have increased dramatically. The United States has significantly increased its own involvement in United Nations operations. At the same time as demands for forceful intervention have increased, events in Bosnia, Somalia, Haiti, and other troubled areas around the world have revealed shortfalls in the developed world's ability to deal the non-traditional missions of nation building, securing humanitarian rights, and large scale peace enforcement operations. A fundamental question arises in the face these new operations: how well do rules developed during the era of limited classical peacekeeping fit these new missions? Can the old rules still apply in this new age of peace operations? Part of the problem in applying classical peacekeeping rules today is that they are a mishmash of guidelines on when to intervene, and once decision to intervene is made, what the rules on the use of force should be. The issue of regulation of the use of force in peacekeeping and humanitarian missions is covered. A third important issue, the legal status United Nations forces engaging in new types of expanded peace operations and their resulting obligations under the international law of armed conflict, is also discussed.
Download or read book United States Peacekeeping Operations written by Leo E. Keenan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The appeals to the collective conscience of the American public inherent in daily media coverage of horrors abroad have exerted powerful pressures on the military to intervene under the aegis of the United Nations. At the same time, it appears that little reflection has been given as to precisely the form and extent of such intervention and its consequences for a military which has little experience and less preparation in this arena. Whether the United States embarks on a policy emphasizing the role of the United Nations as the focal point for resolving these situations or decides to act on a case-by- case basis, the United States must educate itself on how to carry out peacekeeping operations. The challenges facing the Armed Forces include the need to: expand individual and unit training to include peacekeeping techniques; gain experience in peacekeeping; heighten coordination of military activity with diplomatic arrangements; and emphasize the requirement for dialogue between the deployed Joint Task Force and indigenous leadership. This paper recommends. clear policy governing the relationship between the U.N. and the U.S. on peacekeeping operations; increased education and training of U.S. military personnel; clearly stated objectives capable of addressal by military means; and clearly articulated conflict termination objectives prior to force deployment.
Download or read book Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement Expanding Roles for the US Military written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1989 marked the end of the Cold War between the United States and the former Soviet Union. The "old" world order was replaced by disorder and chaos inflamed by religious, ethnic, and cultural differences. The result has been widespread genocide, mass starvation, civil war, and in some cases the breakup of national sovereignty. As a result, the U.S. Armed Forces have become increasingly involved in nontraditional military roles. Employment of U.S. military forces in nontraditional roles has set off heated debates within the military and civilian leadership. Centered within the debate is the impact to readiness on U.S. military forces and the fiscal constraints affecting domestic conditions. Finally, the American public is asking to what degree the United States should be involved in world affairs? The United States has produced the most capable Armed Forces in the world. They are essentially equipped and organized to conduct two nearly simultaneous major regional conflicts (MRCs). Their mission is to fight and win the nation's wars. However, when the military is tasked to conduct these nontraditional operations, its successes are often tarnished by mission creep, inadequate mission planning, and limited training. In 1991, General Powell stated that "Peacekeeping and humanitarian operations are a given." Nontraditional roles will challenge U.S. forces in the post Cold War era. This paper argues that U.S. Armed Forces should expand their involvement in UN peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations. It also examines the key differences between the two and their interlocking relationships and limitations. Finally, it will develop a framework that will drive U.S. strategy for involvement in these operations. These recommendations are critical to shaping U.S. military strategy and military force structure in a post-containment world.
Download or read book Pentagon 9 11 written by Alfred Goldberg and published by Office of the Secretary, Historical Offi. This book was released on 2007-09-05 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive account to date of the 9/11 attack on the Pentagon and aftermath, this volume includes unprecedented details on the impact on the Pentagon building and personnel and the scope of the rescue, recovery, and caregiving effort. It features 32 pages of photographs and more than a dozen diagrams and illustrations not previously available.
Download or read book Defending Peacekeeping Mandates written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "UN peacekeeping is increasingly under strain--over-deployed, heavily--mandated and under--resourced. This state of overstretch, coupled with continuing demand for new missions, presents a fundamental strategic challenge for the UN and its members. To adapt to the challenges facing peace operations, the international community must examine options for institutional improvements in UN peacekeeping as well as strategies for responding to emerging global trends. In support of this objective, the Center on International Cooperation and the Canadian Permanent Mission to the United Nations are cooperating to convene a series of panel discussions to explore critical issues confronting the future of UN peace operations. The series will draw on expertise from the practitioner, NGO, academic and UN communities. It will provide a forum for candid discussion of current challenges and potential solutions. This series builds on a similar series held through 2009 and 2010. The intention of renewing this series is to build on the lessons emanating from these early discussions to inform new strategic and operational challenges facing United Nations peacekeeping operations. This series builds on a similar series held through 2009 and 2010. The intention of renewing this series is to build on the lessons emanating from these early discussions to inform new strategic and operational challenges facing United Nations peacekeeping operations. The series will be conducted throughout 2012, with each event preceded by a concept note prepared by the Center on International Cooperation and circulated to all member states. All events will be hosted at or near the United Nations in New York, and will be open to the full UN membership"--Publisher's description
Download or read book Defense Issues written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Force in UN Peacekeeping written by Peter Nadin (Researcher) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This edited volume provides a detailed and nuanced analysis of UN peacekeeping and the use of force, to inform a better understanding of the complex and interconnected issues at stake for the UN community. Peacekeeping is traditionally viewed as a largely passive military activity, governed by the principles of impartiality, consent, and the minimum use of force. Today, most large UN Peacekeeping Operations are only authorized to use force in defence of their mandates and to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence. Recently, with the deployment of the Force Intervention Brigade in the DRC, the UN has gone beyond peacekeeping and into the realm of peace-enforcement. These developments have brought to the fore questions regarding the use of force in the context of peacekeeping. The key questions addressed in this book examine not only the utility of force, but also the dilemmas and constraints inherent to the purposive use of force at a strategic, operational and tactical level. Should UN peacekeepers exercise military initiative?Is UN peacekeeping capable of undertaking offensive military operations?If so, then under what circumstances should peacekeepers use force?How should force be wielded? And against whom? With chapters written by experts in the field, this comprehensive volume will be of great use and interest to postgraduate students, academics and experts in international security, the UN, peacekeeping and diplomacy."--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations written by Nina M. Serafino and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second session of the 109th Congress has begun to face decisions regarding the preparation of U.S. military forces for stability missions, a major subset of which is peace operations. The involvement of U.S. military in peacekeeping operations has been opposed by Members of Congress and the Bush Administration. A major issue Congress continues to face is what, if any, adjustments should be made in order for the U.S. military to perform peacekeeping and stability missions -- in Afghanistan, Iraq, or elsewhere -- with less strain on the force, particularly the reserves.
Download or read book United Nations Peacekeeping Missions and Their Proliferation written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on International Operations and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United Nations Peacekeeping Efforts written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee First Session 106th Congress written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Peacekeeping written by Paul D. Williams and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peace operations remain a principal tool for managing armed conflict and protecting civilians. The fully revised, expanded and updated third edition of Understanding Peacekeeping provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the theory, history, and politics of peace operations. Drawing on a dataset of nearly two hundred historical and contemporary missions, this book evaluates the changing characteristics of the contemporary international environment in which peace operations are deployed, the strategic purposes peace operations are intended to achieve, and the major challenges facing today’s peacekeepers. All the chapters have been revised and updated, and five new chapters have been added – on stabilization, organized crime, exit strategies, force generation, and the use of force. Part 1 summarizes the central concepts and issues related to peace operations. Part 2 charts the historical development of peacekeeping, from 1945 through to 2020. Part 3 analyses the strategic purposes that United Nations and other peace operations are intended to achieve – namely, prevention, observation, assistance, enforcement, stabilization, and administration. Part 4 looks forward and examines the central challenges facing today’s peacekeepers: force generation, the regionalization and privatization of peace operations, the use of force, civilian protection, gender issues, policing and organized crime, and exit strategies.
Download or read book U S Participation in United Nations Peacekeeping Activities written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Force in the Post Cold War Era written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
