Download or read book The Interactions Between Real Earnings Management and Short Selling Activity written by Zhang Yu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study builds on two streams of literature that recently draw the attention of researchers: real earnings management (REM) and short selling. Graham et al (2005) reports that managers choose REM over accounting methods to manage earnings. The survey results suggest that REM is likely to be more prevalent than accrual-based earnings management, and should deserve more attention from academic research. Short selling has become a big concern to researchers due to the recent financial crisis and the combat against naked short sales. I empirically test how short sellers trade on firms' REM information, and whether short selling activity can serve as an external monitoring mechanism on REM. Since short selling activity and REM are jointly determined, I explore the research question on the interactions between REM and short selling activity via a simultaneous equation system. I further test whether the interactions between REM and short selling activity are affected by the recent short selling regulation change. The results show strong interactions between REM and short selling activity both before and after the recent SEC short selling regulation change. Short sellers use accounting information to trade. Particularly, they avoid shorting stocks with high levels of REM, which suggests that firms use costly REM to signal their good future performance. On the other hand, heavily shorted firms cannot afford to do REM, which supports the argument that short selling has an external disciplinary role over firms' REM behavior. The results hold if I use OLS or simultaneous equations. This study enriches the literature about how short sellers trade on firms' earnings management information and extends the disciplinary role of short selling over firms' REM behavior.
Download or read book Short Selling and Earnings Management written by Vivian W. Fang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 2005 to 2007, the SEC ordered a pilot program in which one-third of the Russell 3000 index were arbitrarily chosen as pilot stocks and exempted from short-sale price tests. Pilot firms' discretionary accruals and likelihood of marginally beating earnings targets decrease during this period, and revert to pre-experiment levels when the program ends. After the program starts, pilot firms are more likely to be caught for fraud initiated before the program, and their stock returns better incorporate earnings information. These results indicate that short selling, or its prospect, curbs earnings management, helps detect fraud, and improves price efficiency.
Download or read book Short Selling Pressure Reporting Transparency and the Use of Real and Accruals Earnings Management to Meet Benchmarks written by Kristina M. Rennekamp and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior literature finds that short selling is beneficial to the market because it increases liquidity and helps to discipline optimistic market prices. In this paper we use two controlled experiments to examine the potential for an unintended consequence of allowing short selling or easing short selling restrictions. Because prior research identifies short sellers as sophisticated market participants who have the ability to see through accrual earnings management choices, we predict and find that, when reporting is transparent, managers are more likely to use real earnings management (REM) relative to accrual earnings management (AEM) when short selling restrictions are relaxed. This is consistent with the idea that REM activities are more defensible as the result of legitimate operating decisions, and are therefore more likely to hold up to scrutiny from short sellers. Overall, our results suggest that regulations that are unrelated to financial reporting can affect how managers respond to the transparency that arises from financial reporting regulations.
Download or read book Earnings Quality and Short Selling written by KoEun Park and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior research provides evidence consistent with managers using real earnings management (REM) to increase earnings. This study examines whether short sellers exploit the overvaluation of firms employing REM. I find that firms with more REM have higher subsequent short interest. The positive relation between REM and short interest is more pronounced in settings where the costs associated with accrual-based earnings management are high, such as when a firm has low accounting flexibility or faces greater scrutiny from a high quality auditor. I also find some evidence that short sellers respond to REM more than to other fundamental signals of firm overvaluation. My inferences are robust to the use of propensity score matching. Collectively, my evidence suggests that short sellers not only trade on REM information, but they also trade as if they understand the substitutive nature of alternative earnings management methods. This study provides additional insight into the important role that short sellers play in monitoring managerial operating decisions and overall earnings quality.
Download or read book Options Trades Short Sales and Real Earnings Management written by Cristhian Mellado and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the link between measures of stock options' volatility and firms' real earnings management (RM). We hypothesize that RM causes uncertainty in the value of a firm's common stock and, as a result, increases the volatility spread and skew of the firm's options. Spread and skew proxy for investors' uncertainty in the value of the options underlying a stock. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find an association between a firm's use of RM, and the volatility spread and skew in the firm's options, more precisely in its put options. We also study the link between short selling and the extent of RM but do not find a consistent relationship between the two.
Download or read book The Invisible Hand of Short Selling written by Massimo Massa and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hypothesize that short selling has a disciplining role vis-à-vis firm managers that forces them to reduce earnings management. Using firm-level short-selling data for 33 countries collected over a sample period from 2002 to 2009, we document a significantly negative relationship between the threat of short selling and earnings management. Tests based on instrumental variable and exogenous regulatory experiments offer evidence of a causal link between short selling and earnings management. Our findings suggest that short selling functions as an external governance mechanism to discipline managers.
Download or read book The Streetsmart Guide to Short Selling written by Tom Taulli and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2002 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book The Art of Short Selling written by Kathryn F. Staley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-12-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-of-a-kind book that shows you how to cash in on the latestinvesting trend--short selling "The Art of Short Selling is the best description of this difficulttechnique."--John Train, Train, Thomas, Smith Investment Counsel,and author of The New Money Masters "Kathryn Staley has done a masterful job explaining the highlyspecialized art of short selling. Her approach to telling the truestories of famous investment 'scams' will keep the readerspellbound, while teaching the investor many cruciallessons."--David W. Tice, Portfolio Manager, Prudent BearFund "Selling short is still a misunderstood discipline, but even themost raging bull needs to know this valuable technique to masterthe ever-changing markets."--Jim Rogers, author, InvestmentBiker On the investment playing field, there is perhaps no game moreexciting than short selling. With the right moves, it can yieldhigh returns; one misstep, however, can have disastrousconsequences. Despite the risk, a growing number of players areanteing up, sparked in part by success stories such as that ofGeorge Soros and the billions he netted by short selling theBritish pound. In The Art of Short Selling, Kathryn Staley, anexpert in the field, examines the essentials of this importantinvestment vehicle, providing a comprehensive game plan with whichyou can effectively play--and win--the short selling game. Whether used as a means of hedging bets, decreasing the volatilityof total returns, or improving returns, short selling must behandled with care--and with the right know-how. As Staley pointsout, "Short selling is not for the faint of heart. If a stock movesagainst the position holder, the effect on a portfolio and networth can be devastating. Investors need to understand the impacton their accounts as well as the consequences of getting bought inbefore they indulge in short selling." The Art of Short Sellingguides you--clearly and concisely--through the ins and outs of thishigh-risk, high-stakes game. The first--and most important--move in selling short is to identifyflaws in a business before its share prices drop. To help youtackle this key step, Staley shows you how to evaluate companyfinancial statements and balance sheets, make sense of returnratios, detect inconsistencies in inventory, and analyze thestatement of cash flows. Through real-world examples thatillustrate the shorting of bubble, high multiple growth, and themestocks, you'll proceed step by step through the complete processand learn to carry out all the essentials for a successful shortsell, including quantifying the risk factor and orchestratingcorrect timing, as well as implementing advanced valuationtechniques to execute the sell/buy. Packed with landmark, cutting-edge examples, up-to-the-minuteguidelines, and pertinent regulations, The Art of Short Selling isa timely and comprehensive reference that arms you with thenecessary tools to make a prepared and confident entrance onto theshort selling playing field.
Download or read book Sell Short written by Michael Shulman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Come over to the short side. Ever since Dutch trader Isaac Le Maire invented short selling in 1609 (and evoked the first ban on it), short selling has been seen as the dark side of stock trading slightly suspect and too intricate for individual investors. Today, short selling is an integral part of all markets and new tools can make it as simple as buying stocks. As Michael Shulman explains in this book, a short seller is a profit-seeking contrarian who sees opportunities others do not as a stock or market segment moves down. In Sell Short, Shulman turns the mystery of short selling inside out, revealing how using the same fundamental approach underlying the purchase of a stock can lead to tremendous opportunities on the short side. Shulman does not believe traditional short selling is a good trading approach for individuals and this simple, but comprehensive overview of short selling focuses on buying puts or, in some situations, exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Throughout these pages, Shulman reveals the day-to-day details needed to generate short side profits. He describes how short selling works and how individual investors can best identify compelling opportunities before Wall Street finds them. Shulman also helps you to determine what part of your portfolio will fund short selling, what percentage of your capital should go to the short side, and how big each position should be. Filled with in-depth insights and straightforward advice, Sell Short walks you through the mechanics of opening, managing, and closing a position, including rolling or pressing a position to increase profits. (Shulman does cover traditional shorting, though, in case you'd like to take that route.) Step by step, this book prepares you to: Prospect for gold in fading stocks See opportunities that Wall Street misses Create, manage, and exit a position Short stocks, markets, and indices as well as specific sub-segments of the market, real estate (through REITs), commodities, and even countries Create the "rocket-fueled trade" the higher-risk purchase of calls on double inverse ETFs Explore a dvanced trading techniques such as selling calls, hedging, bear call spreads, selling puts on short ETFs, and more
Download or read book Handbook of Short Selling written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive examination of short selling, which is a bet on stocks declining in value, explores the ways that this strategy drives financial markets. Its focus on short selling by region, its consideration of the history and regulations of short selling, and its mixture of industry and academic perspectives clarify the uses of short selling and dispel notions of its destructive implications. With contributions from around the world, this volume sheds new light on the ways short selling uncovers market forces and can yield profitable trades. Combines academic and professional research on short selling in all major financial markets Emphasizes details about strategies, implementations, regulation, and tax advantages Chapters provide summaries for readers who want up-to-date maps of subject landscapes
Download or read book Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Release written by United States. Securities and Exchange Commission and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selling Short written by Joseph A. Walker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1991-09-03 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combines a history of short selling with current strategies and applications to present a complete guide to this increasingly popular investment tool. Procedural and regulatory requirements are mixed with actual case studies and examples that readers can apply to specific situations. Risks and rewards of short selling are discussed in detail as are short selling as a tool for protecting other investments and for speculation.
Download or read book Short Selling written by Frank J. Fabozzi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-11-17 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest theoretical and empirical evidence on short selling in the United States and throughout the world To get the most success out of what the finance community regards as a risky business, short sellers need high-level information. The Theory and Practice of Short Selling offers managers and investors the information they need to maximize and enhance their short selling capabilities for bigger profits. Frank Fabozzi collects a group of market experts who share their knowledge on everything from the basics to the complex in the world of short sales, including mechanics of short selling, the empirical evidence on short-selling, the implications or restrictions on short selling for investment strategies, short-selling strategies pursued by institutional investors, and identifying short-selling candidates. Frank J. Fabozzi, PhD, CFA (New Hope, PA), is the Frederick Frank Adjunct Professor of Finance at Yale University's School of Management and Editor of the Journal of Portfolio Management. He is the author or editor of over 100 books on finance and investing.
Download or read book Short Selling written by Amit Kumar and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When an investor believes a stock is overvalued and will soon drop in price, he might decide to "short" it. First, he borrows an amount of the stock, and then sells it. He waits for the stock to tank before buying back the same amount of shares at a deflated price. After returning the shares to his lender, he pockets the difference—unless any one of several hard-to-predict variables interferes, and the stock fails to drop. Since these variables are so hard to predict, short selling is difficult for even seasoned investors. It takes great talent and experience to isolate the best short ideas for falling stocks—skills Amit Kumar developed and honed over decades of market analysis and trading. This book shares his short-selling framework, built on themes common to falling stocks and the market's endemic strengths and cycles. Featuring key case studies and exclusive interviews with successful fund managers Bill Ackman (Pershing Square Capital Management) and Mark Roberts (Off Wall Street Consulting Group), Kumar shows investors how to avoid traps and profit from well-researched short ideas. Investors may not always act on short ideas, but they can avoid losses by using Kumar's framework to identify overvalued stocks. Professionals and amateur investors alike will benefit from this fundamental research approach, which transforms short selling into a long-term strategy.
Download or read book Short Selling for the Long Term written by Joseph Parnes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Find a method to evaluate stocks— and build a record of impressive returns Short Selling for the Long Term describes the methods used by Joseph Parnes, President of Technomart, to obtain consistent returns in the stock market. Most investors fail to exceed the returns represented by the Standard and Poor’s Stock Index, but Parnes often does using his investment philosophy. This book outlines his method of stock assessment, providing an understandable formula. If the formula tells a reader to buy a stock, then, as explained, there is a significant chance that stock will go up. If the formula tells a reader to short a stock, then the book shows how there is a significant chance that the stock will go down. Parnes advocates the use of short selling as a long-term strategy in combination with long positions, so advisors and individual investors alike can profit in both rising and falling markets. While most investing books focus on how to make money over the long term in a rising markets, Parnes's focus on short selling as a way of capturing volatility sets this book apart from the crowd. He offers insights into the difference between option trading and shorting which make his system useful in both type of markets. • Profit in a bear market • Borrow the stock you want to bet against • Sell borrowed shares • Learn the secrets of long-term short selling strategy • Buy shares back and close by delivering at the new, lower price Short Selling for the Long Term is essential reading for investment advisors, fund managers, and individual investors.
Download or read book When Stocks Crash Nicely written by Kathryn F. Staley and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1991 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the fact that the Dow is hovering around all-time highs and the Great American Bull Market appears to be entering its eighth year, that hardy band of professional curmudgeons known as short sellers continues to prosper, in some cases earning more than a 50% return. Staley shows how to nalyze stock ripe for short selling.
