Download or read book Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law written by Luis Ortiz Blanco and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2007-06-26 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s they have existed since on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the European Community to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The European Commission's administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the European Union. After a report by the OECD Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003) which has led to its repeal (2006). This book studies first the origins, the early history and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the European Community, focusing in particular on the Regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, it examines one by one the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector once the block exemption has been repealed.

Download or read book Effect of Liner Conferences on the Level and Structure of Ocean Freight Rates written by Walter Miklius and published by Institute of Southeast Asian. This book was released on 1983 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the pricing behaviour of liner conferences and a review of alternative models to explain such behaviour; the incidence of transport costs; a focus on the question of whether the developing countries bear a disproportionate share of transport costs; an overall assessment of the current state of the art and a specific recommendation for future research.

Download or read book Liner Conferences in Competition Law written by Hongyan Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A liner conference, as a self-regulation organisational form of liner shipping companies, constitutes a typical "hard-core cartel" with significant anti-competitive effect. One of the main three trade routes of liner shipping traffic is the Europe-Asia Trade, on the two ends of which both the European Community (EC) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) play important roles in the international liner shipping market. However, the competition regimes on liner conferences in both jurisdictions are not equivalent. From a comparative point of view, this book reviews the historical development of maritime policy and regulatory legislation in the EC and the PRC, catches insight into the system of regulation regime and individual provisions in substantive and procedural meaning, and finally provides a wide-ranging perspective on the future competition regulation in respect of the latest developments in both jurisdictions.

Download or read book Shipping Conferences The Legal Framework and Operation of Shipping Conferences written by Amos Herman and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping written by United States. Advisory Commission on Conferences in Ocean Shipping and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book To Provide for the Operation of Steamship Conferences written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Special Subcommittee on Steamship Conferences and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book To Provide for the Operation of Steamship Conferences written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Closed Conferences and Shippers Councils in the U S Liner Trades written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Steamship Conference Study written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study on Tying Arrangements of Shipping Conferences with Reference to India and Philippines Indonesia Thailand Sri Lanka Singapore written by Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and published by New Delhi : Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, [pref. 1976]. This book was released on 1976 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Colonial and Imperial Conferences from 1887 to 1937 written by Maurice Ollivier and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Private Authority and International Affairs written by A. Claire Cutler and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores in detail the degree to which private sector firms are beginning to replace governments in "governing" some areas of international relations.

Download or read book Report of the Royal Commission on Shipping Rings written by Great Britain. Royal Commission on Shipping Rings and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Delegations to International Conferences Congresses and Expositions and American Representation on International Institutions and Commissions with Relevant Data written by United States. Department of State. Office of International Conferences and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Participation of the United States Government in International Conferences written by and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Participation of the United States Government in International Conferences July 1 1941 June 30 1945 written by and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Rate Bureaus Conferences and Associations written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 2458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: