Download or read book Shareholders Claims for Reflective Loss in International Investment Law written by Lukas Vanhonnaeker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, investor-state tribunals have often permitted shareholders' claims for reflective loss despite the well-established principle of no reflective loss applied consistently in domestic regimes and in other fields of international law. Investment tribunals have justified their decisions by relying on definitions of 'investment' in investment agreements that often include 'shares', while the no-reflective-loss principle is generally justified on the basis of policy considerations pertaining to the preservation of the efficiency of the adjudicatory process and to the protection of other stakeholders, such as creditors. Although these policy considerations militating for the prohibition of shareholders' claims for reflective loss also apply in investor-state arbitration, they are curable in that context and must be balanced with policy considerations specific to the field of international investment law that weigh in favor of such claims: the protection of foreign investors in order to promote trade and investment liberalization.
Download or read book Shareholder Claims for Reflective Loss written by Vera Korzun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholarly debate on the legitimacy crisis of investment dispute resolution has focused on the ability of multinational corporations to interfere with the state's right to regulate by challenging government measures in investor-state arbitration. Prior work has addressed the hybrid public-private nature of investment treaties that allow foreign investors to sue sovereign states and emphasized the role of multinational corporations in international lawmaking. The academic discourse misses entirely the fact that international investment law drastically impacts relationships within the corporation (between the shareholders, the management, and the board of directors) and alters the expectations about the corporation as a standard-form legal entity. Remarkably, international investment law allows shareholders to bring in arbitration claims for damages for “reflective loss” -- that is, loss incurred by shareholders indirectly as a result of injury to their company. Shareholders can bring these claims without consulting with the company's management and irrespective of any claims by the corporation. Thus, inherent in investment arbitration is the ability of individual shareholders to make decisions affecting the company and to benefit at the expense of the corporation, its creditors, and other stakeholders.Drawing on case studies, this Article seeks to surface the extent of the impact of shareholder claims for reflective loss on corporate law and governance -- the rules, structure, and processes of the management and control within the corporation. Having established the distortive impact of shareholder claims on the corporate legal entity, the Article further explores the ways to address the systemic problem of reflective loss claims. It makes a normative argument: in view of the policy goals of foreign investor protection, shareholder claims for reflective loss should be permitted in international investment law, but only in limited circumstances to curtail the disruption of corporate governance and to reduce the social costs of litigation. The Article concludes by offering a novel private ordering solution to the problem of reflective loss claims. It argues that the corporate distortion problem is best addressed at the level of individual corporations through targeted provisions in corporate charters and bylaws waiving the right of shareholders to bring reflective loss claims in investment arbitration.
Download or read book Shareholders Claims for Reflective Loss in International Investment Arbitration the Rule and Its Demystification written by Lukas Vanhonnaeker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In recent years, investor-State tribunals have often permitted shareholders' claims for reflective loss despite the well-established principle of no reflective loss applied consistently in domestic regimes and in other fields of international law. Investment tribunals have justified their decisions by relying on definitions of "investment" in investment agreements that often include "shares", while the no-reflective-loss principle is generally justified on the basis of policy considerations pertaining to the preservation of the efficiency of the adjudicatory process and to the protection of other stakeholders, such as creditors. Although these policy considerations militating for the prohibition of shareholders' claims for reflective loss also apply in investor-State arbitration, they are curable in that context and must be balanced with policy considerations specific to the field of international investment law that weigh in favor of such claims: the protection of foreign investors in order to promote trade and investment liberalization." --
Download or read book Investment Treaties and Shareholder Claims for Reflective Loss Insights from Advanced Systems of Corporate Law written by David Gaukrodger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate law in advanced domestic legal systems on the one hand, and typical treaties for the protection of foreign investment on the other hand, treat claims for damages by company shareholders differently. Advanced domestic systems generally bar shareholders from claiming for reflective loss? loss that arises from injury to "their" company (such as a decline in the value of shares). The claim for the loss belongs to the injured company and not to its shareholders. In contrast, shareholder claims for reflective loss have been widely permitted under typical investment treaties over the last 10 years. Ongoing OECD-hosted inter-governmental dialogue on investment law is considering whether there are policy reasons justifying the different approaches to shareholder claims for reflective loss. This paper examines shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties in light of comparative analysis of advanced systems of corporate law. The paper considers the impact of allowing shareholder claims for reflective loss on key characteristics of the business corporation. The paper also explores possible responses by different categories of investors to the availability of shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties.
Download or read book Investment Treaties as Corporate Law written by David Gaukrodger and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Claims by company shareholders seeking damages from governments for so-called "reflective loss" now make up a substantial part of the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) caseload. (Shareholders? reflective loss is incurred as a result of injury to "their" company, typically a loss in value of the shares; it is generally contrasted with direct injury to shareholder rights, such as interference with shareholder voting rights.) This paper considers the consistency issues raised by shareholder claims for reflective loss in ISDS. The paper first compares the approach to shareholder claims in ISDS with advanced systems of national corporate law (and other international law). ISDS arbitrators have consistently found that shareholders can claim individually for reflective loss in ISDS under typical BITs. This can be seen as a success story from the point of view of consistency of legal interpretation and improves investor protection for potential claimant shareholders in many cases. In contrast, however, advanced national systems and international law generally apply what has been called a "no reflective loss" principle to shareholder claims. Second, the paper analyses the policy issues relating to consistency that are raised by shareholder claims for reflective loss in ISDS. National and international law barring shareholder claims for reflective loss is often explicitly driven by policy considerations relating to consistency, predictability, avoidance of double recovery and judicial economy. Limiting recovery to the company is seen as both more efficient and fairer to all interested parties. In contrast, ISDS tribunals and commentators have generally given limited consideration to the policy consequences of allowing shareholder claims for reflective loss. The third part of the paper addresses the issue of company recovery (including two different existing systems which expand the ability of foreign-controlled companies to recover in ISDS) and its relevance to shareholder claims for reflective loss. The paper also contains a series of questions for discussion and has been discussed by governments participating in an OECD-hosted investment roundtable.
Download or read book Investment Treaties and Shareholder Claims Analysis of Treaty Practice written by David Gaukrodger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced systems of domestic corporate law generally apply a "no reflective loss" principle to shareholder claims. Shareholder claims are permitted for direct injury to shareholder rights (such as voting rights). But shareholders generally cannot bring claims for reflective loss incurred as a result of injury to "their" company (such as loss in value of shares). Only the directly-injured company can claim. In contrast, shareholder claims for reflective loss have consistently been permitted under typical bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in recent years. This paper analyses investment treaty provisions relating to shareholder claims. It addresses (i) treaty regimes for shareholder recovery and company recovery of damages, including their consequences for investor protection and government liability; (ii) the interaction of reflective loss claims with treaty provisions that seek to limit multiple claims; and (iii) treaty provisions applicable to government objections to shareholder claims for reflective loss.
Download or read book Piercing the Corporate Veil Doctrine in International Investment Agreements written by Anastasiia Dulska and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-06-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.7, Humboldt-University of Berlin (International Dispute Resolution Master of Laws (LL.M.) Programme), course: International Investment Arbitration, language: English, abstract: The piercing the corporate veil in ISDS plays a twofold role. From the investors’ perspective, it is instrumental if a tribunal can ignore the difference between the legal personality of the company in which they invested in and the shares that they hold. Per contra, States also invoke this doctrine by trying to convince a tribunal to look at the true personalities involved and not to allow an investor to hide behind the veil of the different legal personalities. To address these competing interests, the author of this Master Thesis in Chapter II intends to analyse the characteristic pattern and standing of shareholders in bringing indirect claims aimed to persuade the tribunal to ignore the difference between the legal personality of a company and its shareholders and to look at the true interests at stake instead. In Chapter III, the applicability of the piercing the corporate veil doctrine will be approached from the States’ perspective and when they invoke the denial of benefits clauses. On the basis of the foregoing, this Master Thesis purports to address the intersection between the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal in ISDS and the concepts of investor and investment underlying the application of the piercing the corporate veil doctrine. By doing so, the author of this Master Thesis explores the provisions of IIAs commented on by authoritative treatises, contemporary views embodied in articles, and jurisprudence of international investment treaty tribunals. In order to arrive at its findings and conclusions, this Master Thesis utilizes the method of description, method of conceptual analysis, comparative method, and method of evaluation.
Download or read book Investment Treaties and Shareholder Claims for Reflective Loss Insights from Advanced Systems of Corporate Law written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The International Law of Investment Claims written by Zachary Douglas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a codification of the principles and rules relating to the prosecution of investment claims.
Download or read book Admissibility of Shareholder Claims under Investment Treaties written by Gabriel Bottini and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses a growing problem in international law: overlapping claims before national and international jurisdictions. Its contribution is, first, to revisit two pillars of investment arbitration, i.e., shareholders' standing to claim for harm to the company's assets and the contract/treaty claims distinction. These two ideas advance interrelated (and questionable) notions of independence: firstly, independence of shareholder treaty rights in respect of the local company's national law rights and, secondly, independence of treaty claims in respect of national law claims. By uncritically endorsing shareholder standing in indirect claims and the distinctiveness of treaty claims, investment tribunals have overlooked substantive overlaps between contract and treaty claims. The book also proposes specific admissibility criteria. As opposed to strictly jurisdictional approaches to claim overlap, the admissibility approach allows consideration of a broader range of legal reasons, such as risks of multiple recovery and prejudice to third parties.
Download or read book Contemporary and Emerging Issues on the Law of Damages and Valuation in International Investment Arbitration written by Christina L. Beharry and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damages and other forms of redress are the object of nearly every international investment dispute. Given the financial stakes in these cases, compensation is a key concern for both foreign investors and States. The increasingly large sums awarded and the growing complexity of claims call for a renewed analysis of legal and valuation concepts related to damages. Contemporary and Emerging Issues on the Law of Damages and Valuation in International Investment Arbitration, edited by Christina L. Beharry, examines a broad range of damages topics, building on basic principles and surveying current developments to identify trends in the jurisprudence. A central contribution of this book is its exploration of cutting-edge issues dominating a new generation of investment awards and the interconnectedness of damages with other areas of international investment law. This volume brings together leading practitioners, experts, and academics with extensive experience working on issues related to the law of damages and the quantification of compensation. Readers are provided with a deeper understanding of legal and valuation principles that are often the source of intense debate in international investment cases.
Download or read book Reflective Loss Claims Under Investment Treaties written by Chawla Aashna and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shareholders Claims for Reflective Loss written by Bas J. de Jong and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If a company is harmed by the behaviour of a third party, shareholders may suffer the economic consequences in the form of a reduction in the value of their shares. This article, taking a comparative law perspective, answers the question whether shareholders should be able to claim such a loss that is merely reflective of the company's loss. The basic rule is that a direct claim by the shareholder is not allowed; the company should claim damages. Exceptions to this 'no reflective loss' principle in jurisprudence of the UK, the Netherlands and the European Court of Human Rights are analysed. There appear to be two necessary conditions for an exception: (i) the shareholder must have an independent cause of action, and (ii) the reflective loss needs to be certain, i.e., it is certain that the shareholder will not be compensated indirectly through a lawsuit against the wrongdoer by or on behalf of the company. Several specific cases that satisfy these conditions are discussed. It is submitted that awarding damages to the shareholder personally can be justifiable and a derivative suit is usually not a good alternative to protect the injured shareholder in these cases.
Download or read book World Trade and Investment Law Reimagined written by Alvaro Santos and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World trade and investment law is in crisis: new and progressive ideas are needed. Rules that facilitated globalization and supported global economic growth are being challenged. A system of global governance that once seemed secure is now at risk as the United States ignores the rules while developing countries struggle to escape restrictions. Some want to tear global institutions and agreements down while others try desperately to maintain the status quo. Rejecting both options, a group of trade and investment law experts from 10 countries, South and North, have joined hands to propose ideas for a new world trade and investment law that would maintain global growth while distributing costs and benefi ts more fairly. Paying special attention to those who have suffered from trade dislocation and to restrictions that have hampered innovative growth strategies in developing countries, they outline a progressive trade and investment law agenda in World Trade and Investment Law Reimagined.
Download or read book Shareholder Protection in Human Rights and Investment Law written by Rebecca McMenamin and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign shareholders can avail themselves of legal protection under three different legal regimes: diplomatic protection, international investment law and international human rights law. Adopting a historic and comparative approach, this article tracks the faded role of diplomatic protection for protecting shareholders. It identifies the legal instruments that protect shareholders under international investment law and international human rights law, and examines how each regime protects shareholders to assess whether there is a genuine conflict in terms of protection. It uses the nationalisation of British bank Northern Rock as a case study to demonstrate the differing levels of protection each regime provides. Investment law gives shareholders the greatest protection: it protects a wider range of shareholders and, critically, allows shareholders to claim for reflective loss. While there is no genuine conflict, investment law and human rights provide remarkably different levels of protection to shareholders.
Download or read book General Interests of Host States in International Investment Law written by Giorgio Sacerdoti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses bilateral treaties and regional agreements on foreign investments, focussing particularly on measures taken in the context of economic crises.
Download or read book International Investment Law and Comparative Public Law written by Stephan W. Schill and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-14 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International investment law is one of fastest-growing areas of international law, but it is plagued by the vagueness of many investors' rights and unpredictable investment tribunal decisions. This books analyses international investment law through the lens of comparative public law to clarify investment treaty obligations and arbitral procedure.
