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Book Seven  Shahs  of Sufi Poetry   Selected Poems

Download or read book Seven Shahs of Sufi Poetry Selected Poems written by Shah Ni'mat'ullah and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SEVEN 'SHAHS' OF SUFI POETRY Selected Poems Mas'ud Shah, Shah Ni'mat'ullah, Shah Da'i, Qutub Shah, Shah Latif, Bulleh Shah & Nur 'Ali Shah Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Mas'ud Shah (1048-1122) originally came from Hamadan. In the beginning he was at the court of the prince of Ghazneh and governor of India Sayfu'-daula Mahmud and quickly progressed in wealth and honour. When he was forty he was thrown into prison after being wrongfully accused along with his patron of treachery by Sultan Ibrahim. He became a 'Servant of God' or a Sufi and a bit of a hermit. His famous Habsiyyat, (prison-songs) are among the most interesting poems in the Persian language. Shah Ni'mat'ullah (1330-1431) was the founder of an order of Sufis that is today the largest in Iran. As well as a Sufi Master he was a poet who at times used 'Sayyid' as his takhallus or pen-name. He was influenced by Ibn 'Arabi and Hafiz.. He composed many prose works on Sufism and his Divan contains over 13,000 couplets, mostly ghazals and ruba'is. Shah Da'i (1406-1464) was born and passed away in Shiraz. He was initiated into Sufism by Abu Ishaq Bahrami known as 'The Shaikh of Four Books', a leader or representative of Shah Ni'mat'ullah. Among Shah Dai's works are a number of risalahs (Essays) including interpretations of Koranic verses, a translation of a short work of Ibn 'Arabi. Qutub Shah (1565-1611) was the fifth sultan of the Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golconda in South India. He founded the city of Hyderabad. Qutub Shah was a scholar of Arabic and Persian. He wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian. Qutub Shah had the distinction of being the first Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry. He was also a mystic or Sufi poet. Shah Latif (1689-1752) was a Sufi Master and is considered by many to be the greatest poet of the Sindhi language. His book of poetry is called the Risalo. His shrine is located in Bhit and attracts hundreds of pilgrims every day. He is the most famous Sindhi poet and Sufi. Bulleh Shah (1680-1758) was a Sufi poet who composed in Punjabi and settled in Kasur, now in Pakistan. His Spiritual Master was Shah Inayat. The poetic form Bulleh Shah used is called the Kafi, a style of Punjabi poetry used not only by the Sufis of Sindh and Punjab, but also by Sikh gurus. Nur 'Ali Shah (1760-1796). The 36th Qutub or Perfect Master or 'Pole' of the Ni'matullah Sufi Order was born in Isfahan. The Ulama of Kirmansh 'Ali Bihbahani who was nick-named 'the Sufi killer' saw the Sufi Poet Nur 'Ali Shah as a threat and he was poisoned. The correct rhyme-structure for the first time has been achieved in all poems. Biographies of all poets and essays on Sufi Poetry & its Forms, Selected Bibliographies. Paul Smith (b. 1945) is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre, Iqbal, Ghalib, Makhfi, Lalla Ded, Nazir, Iqbal, Seemab, Jigar and many others and his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books. memoir and a dozen screenplays. amazon.com/author/smithpa

Book Islamic Mystical Poetry

Download or read book Islamic Mystical Poetry written by Mahmood Jamal and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2009-10-29 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written from the ninth to the twentieth century, these poems represent the peak of Islamic Mystical writing, from Rabia Basri to Mian Mohammad Baksh. Reflecting both private devotional love and the attempt to attain union with God and become absorbed into the Divine, many poems in this edition are imbued with the symbols and metaphors that develop many of the central ideas of Sufism: the Lover, the Beloved, the Wine, and the Tavern; while others are more personal and echo the poet's battle to leave earthly love behind. These translations capture the passion of the original poetry and are accompanied by an introduction on Sufism and the common themes apparent in the works. This edition also includes suggested further reading.

Book The Heavenly Sign

    Book Details:
  • Author : Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
  • Publisher : Islam International
  • Release : 2005
  • ISBN : 1853727636
  • Pages : 94 pages

Download or read book The Heavenly Sign written by Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and published by Islam International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nishan-e-Asmani (The Heavenly Sign or the testimony of the recipients of revelation) first published in 1892, is one of the smaller but equally important books by Hadrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian (1835-1908), the Promised Messiah and Mahdi (peace be upon him). It is a closely reasoned thesis, primarily based on prophecies made by some earlier Muslim saints and seers about the Coming of the Promised Messiah and Mahdi. That all the events precedent to the Coming happened as prophesied and that they conclusively established the claim of the revered author to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, is part of history. He has since been globally hailed and accepted by tens of millions of devoted followers - the Ahmadiyya Jama'at, known for their genuine commitment to religious values, devotion to the Living God, service to the mankind, piety and peaceful communication of the Truth.

Book Huma   Life   Poems

    Book Details:
  • Author : Huma
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2016-08-12
  • ISBN : 9781537009735
  • Pages : 120 pages

Download or read book Huma Life Poems written by Huma and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HUMA: LIFE & POEMS Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Merwan S. Irani, known world-wide as Meher Baba, took Huma (Phoenix) as his takhallus or pen-name when he composed enlightened ghazals in a mixture of Persian, Urdu, Hindi & Gujarati in his twenties as a realized disciple of the Qutub or Perfect Master Upasni Maharaj, and also later on. He knew the ghazals of Hafiz by heart as did his father the dervish Sheriar Irani, who had originally walked to Pune in India from Khooramshah in Iran. Merwan went on to reveal himself as Perfect Master (Qutub) and later also declared himself as the Rasool or Messiah (Avatar). The correct rhyme-structure has been kept as well as the beauty and meaning of these important beautiful, inspiring, mystical poems. CONTENTS: The Life, Times & Poetry of Meher Baba, Selected Bliography, A Large Selection of Ghazals, Qasidas, Qit'as (Fragments), Slokas (Couplets). The correct form and meaning is here. Pages 120. Introduction to Sufi Poets Series 'AISHAH Al-BA'UNIYAH, AMIR KHUSRAU, ANSARI, ANVARI, AL-MA'ARRI, 'ARIFI, 'ATTAR, ABU SA'ID, AUHAD UD-DIN, BABA FARID, BABA AZFAL, BABA TAHIR, BEDIL, BULLEH SHAH, DARA SHIKOH, GHALIB, GHANI KASHMIRI, HAFIZ, HASAN DEHLAVI, HUMA, IBN 'ARABI, IBN YAMIN, IBN AL-FARID, IQBAL, INAYAT KHAN, 'IRAQI, JAHAN KHATUN, JAMI, JIGAR, KAMAL AD-DIN, KABIR, KHAQANI, KHAYYAM, LALLA DED, MAKHFI, MANSUR HALLAJ, MIR, MU'IN UD-DIN CHISHTI, NAZIR, NESIMI, NIZAMI, NUND RISHI, OBEYD ZAKANI, RABI'A, RAHMAN BABA, RUMI, SADI, SA'IB, SANA'I, SARMAD, SHABISTARI, SHAH LATIF, SHAH NI'MAT'ULLAH, SULTAN BAHU, YUNUS EMRE, EARLY ARABIC SUFI POETS, EARLY PERSIAN SUFI POETS, URDU SUFI POETS, ETC. 90-120 pages each. Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre. Lalla Ded, Mahsati, Ibn 'Arabi and others, and his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books, screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com

Book Majnun   Qays Ibn Al mulawwah

    Book Details:
  • Author : Majnun
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2016-08-18
  • ISBN : 9781537032788
  • Pages : 120 pages

Download or read book Majnun Qays Ibn Al mulawwah written by Majnun and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MAJNUN (QAYS IBN AL-MULAWWAH) Life & Poems Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Majnun was a real person! Qays (Majnun='madman) was a youth, a Bedouin poet in the seventh century of the Bani Amir tribe in the Najd desert in Arabia. He fell in love with Layla from the same tribe whom he was denied. (It is said that Shakespeare was inspired by their tale for Romeo & Juliet from their tragic love story). Most of his recorded poetry was composed before his descent into love-madness (mast) then through a Perfect Master... his spiritual unification with his beloved. Here in the form of the qit'as in which they were composed, is the largest collection of his immortal poems translated into English. 120 pages. Introduction to Sufi Poets Series 'AISHAH Al-BA'UNIYAH, AMIR KHUSRAU, ANSARI, ANVARI, AL-MA'ARRI, 'ARIFI, 'ATTAR, ABU SA'ID, AUHAD UD-DIN, BABA FARID, BABA AZFAL, BABA TAHIR, BEDIL, BULLEH SHAH, DARA SHIKOH, GHALIB, GHANI KASHMIRI, HAFIZ, HASAN DEHLAVI, HUMA, IBN 'ARABI, IBN YAMIN, IBN AL-FARID, IQBAL, INAYAT KHAN, 'IRAQI, JAHAN KHATUN, JAMI, JIGAR, KAMAL AD-DIN, KABIR, KHAQANI, KHAYYAM, LALLA DED, MAKHFI, MAJNUN, MANSUR HALLAJ, MIR, MU'IN UD-DIN CHISHTI, NAZIR, NESIMI, NIZAMI, NUND RISHI, OBEYD ZAKANI, RABI'A, RAHMAN BABA, RUMI, SADI, SA'IB, SANA'I, SARMAD, SHABISTARI, SHAH LATIF, SHAH NI'MAT'ULLAH, SULTAN BAHU, YUNUS EMRE, EARLY ARABIC SUFI POETS, EARLY PERSIAN SUFI POETS, URDU SUFI POETS, ETC. 90-120 pages each. Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre. Lalla Ded, Mahsati, Ibn 'Arabi and others, and his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books, screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com

Book History of the Afghans

Download or read book History of the Afghans written by N'Imat Allah and published by . This book was released on 1836 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Imam Tahawi   s Sharh Ma ani al Athar

Download or read book Imam Tahawi s Sharh Ma ani al Athar written by Imam Abu Jafar Ahmad at-Tahawi and published by Turath Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 1401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imām Ṭaḥāwī’s Sharḥ Maʿānī al-Āthār is a timeless and universal masterpiece from amongst the greatest compilations of Islamic literature. Consisting of a wide array of vast and unique Prophetic traditions, it is a detailed and indispensable resource in jurisprudential matters. As a key text within the Ḥanafī School of Law, it dispels the oft-assumed notion of the School being solely one of reason by substantiating many legal verdicts of the great luminary Imām Abū Ḥanīfah (Rh.) with not only the proposition of rationale but also with highly authentic supporting evidences. The key distinguishing factor of this work from others is its unmatchable style of composition and argumentation in deducing legal rulings and deeply analysing therein; all the while assisting its readers by explaining in a coherent, cogent, and comprehensive manner. As an outstanding treatise of Imām Ṭaḥāwi (Rh.) it embodies a lifetime of discerning sacred knowledge and formulating independent decisions based on such; pro- viding a glimpse into the depths and magnitudes of his knowledge. This book has been translated into English in the hope of making the text more accessible and enabling an appreciation for it amongst the masses.

Book Kings of Love

    Book Details:
  • Author : Naṣr Allāh Pūrjavādī
  • Publisher : Taylor & Francis
  • Release : 1978
  • ISBN : 9780877737339
  • Pages : 266 pages

Download or read book Kings of Love written by Naṣr Allāh Pūrjavādī and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1978 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Rise of the Ni matullahi I Order

Download or read book The Rise of the Ni matullahi I Order written by Reza Tabandeh and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sufi mysticism's surprising revival in nineteenth-century Shi'ite Persia. Islamic mysticism experienced a remarkable revival in nineteenth-century fundamentalist Persia. Sparked by the return of the Sufi master Ma'um Ali Shah from India, the Ni'matullāhī Order rapidly spread throughout the region amid fierce opposition from Shi'te clerics. Rise of the Ni'matullāhī Order charts the movement's unlikely rise across three generations of Sufi masters. Reza Tabandeh demonstrates how Ma'um Ali Shah, Majdhub Ali Shah, and Mast Ali Shah sustained the revival by reinterpreting classical Sufi teachings for a Shi'ite context.

Book Unknowing and the Everyday

Download or read book Unknowing and the Everyday written by Seema Golestaneh and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-26 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Unknowing and the Everyday Seema Golestaneh examines how Sufi mystical experience in Iran shapes contemporary life. Central to this process is ma’rifat, or “unknowing”—the idea that, as it is ultimately impossible to fully understand the divine, humanity must operate from an engaged awareness that it knows nothing. Golestaneh shows that rather than considering ma’rifat an obstacle to intellectual engagement, Sufis embrace that there will always be that which they do not know. From this position, they affirm both the limits of human knowledge and the mysteries of the profane world. Through ethnographic case studies, Golestaneh traces the affective and sensory dimensions of ma’rifat in contexts such as the creation of collective Sufi spaces, the interpretation of Persian poetry, formulations of selfhood and non-selfhood, and the navigation of the socio-material realm. By outlining the relationship between ma’rifat and religious, aesthetic, and social life in Iran, Golestaneh demonstrates that for Sufis the outer bounds of human thought are the beginning rather than the limit.

Book Ahmed Shawqi  Life   Poems

    Book Details:
  • Author : Ahmed Shawqi
  • Publisher : Introduction to Sufi Poets
  • Release : 2019-02-25
  • ISBN : 9781796934946
  • Pages : 122 pages

Download or read book Ahmed Shawqi Life Poems written by Ahmed Shawqi and published by Introduction to Sufi Poets. This book was released on 2019-02-25 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AHMED SHAWQI: LIFE & POEMS Translation & Introduction by Paul Smith Ahmed Shawqi (1869 - 1932) was the great Arabic Poet-Laureate: an Egyptian and at times a Sufi poet and dramatist who pioneered the modern Egyptian literary movement, most notably introducing the genre of poetic epics to the Arabic literary tradition. Shawqi was sent to continue his studies in Paris where he was influenced by the Molière and Racine. He returned to Egypt in 1894 and remained a prominent member of Arab literary culture until the British forced him into exile in southern Spain in 1914. Shawqi remained there until 1920. In 1927 he was crowned by his peers the 'Prince of Poets' in recognition of his considerable contributions to the literary field. Shawqi's work can be categorized into three main periods during his career: The third stage occurred after his return from exile: during that period he wrote his religious & Sufi poem, in praise of the Prophet Muhammad (here fully translated in the correct qasida form). The maturation of his poetic style is reflected in his plays (including Majnun-Layla, (here partially translated). Included are remarkable poems for children, qit'as, qasidas in the correct forms. Introduction: Life, Times & Poetry, On Qasida & Qit'a. Pages 119. Introduction to Sufi Poets Series AATISH, ASHGAR, AHMED YESEVI, 'AISHAH Al-BA'UNIYAH, AMIR KHUSRAU, ANSARI, ANVARI, AL-MA'ARRI, 'ARIFI, 'ATTAR, ABU SA'ID, AUHAD UD-DIN, BABA FARID, BABA AZFAL, BABA TAHIR, BEDAR, BEDIL, BULLEH SHAH, DARA SHIKOH, DARD, FAIZI, GHALIB, GHANI KASHMIRI, HAFIZ, HALI, HASAN DEHLAVI, HATEF, HUMA, IBN 'ARABI, IBN YAMIN, IBN AL-FARID, IQBAL, INAYAT KHAN, 'IRAQI, JAHAN KHATUN, JAMI, JIGAR, KAMAL AD-DIN, KABIR, KHAQANI, KHAYYAM, LALLA DED, MAHSATI, MAKHFI, MANSUR HALLAJ, MIR, MOMIN, MU'IN UD-DIN CHISHTI, NAZIR, NESIMI, NIZAMI, NUND RISHI, OBEYD ZAKANI, PAUL, QUTUB SHAH, RABI'A, RAHIM, RAHMAN BABA, RUMI, SADI, SA'IB, SANA'I, SARMAD, SAUDA, SEEMAB, SHABISTARI, SHAH LATIF, SHAH NI'MAT'ULLAH, SHEFTA, SULTAN BAHU, URFI, WALI, YUNUS EMRE, ZAFAR, ZAUQ, EARLY ARABIC, PERSIAN, URDU, TURKISH, AFGHAN SUFI POETS. 90-120 pages Paul Smith (b. 1945) is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets from the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Lalla Ded, Mahsati and others, and his own poetry, fiction, biographies, plays, children's books and screenplays. amazon.com/author/smithpa

Book Rahman Baba

    Book Details:
  • Author : Paul Smith
  • Publisher : CreateSpace
  • Release : 2014-06-04
  • ISBN : 9781499656336
  • Pages : 112 pages

Download or read book Rahman Baba written by Paul Smith and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-04 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RAHMAN BABA: LIFE & POEMS Translation & Introduction by Paul Smith Rahman Baba (1652 to 1711) is considered the greatest Sufi Pashtun poet to compose poems, mainly ghazals, in the Pashtu language. Born in Mohmand region of Afghanistan near Peshawar he was called 'The Nightingale of Peshawar'. This was a time of struggle and hardship and in the midst of the turmoil he was an excellent student with a natural gift for poetry. He eventually questioned the value of such pursuits and withdrew from the world, dedicating himself to prayer and devotion. In solitary worship he began to write again and his poetry spread. Religious figures used it to inspire the devout, political leaders to inspire the independence movement. His Divan is ghazals, qasidas and mukhammas. Introduction is on Life & Times & Poetry and Forms in he wrote and Sufism & Poetry. The correct rhyme-structure is kept as well as the meaning of these beautiful, enlightened poems. 90 pages Introduction to Sufi Poets Series Life & Poems of the following Sufi poets, Translations & Introductions: Paul Smith AMIR KHUSRAU, ANSARI, ANVARI, AL-MA'ARRI, 'ATTAR, ABU SA'ID, AUHAD UD-DIN, BABA FARID, BABA AZFAL, BABA TAHIR, BEDIL, BULLEH SHAH, DARA SHIKOH, GHALIB, HAFIZ, IBN 'ARABI, IBN YAMIN, IBN AL-FARID, IQBAL, 'IRAQI, JAHAN KHATUN, JAMI, KAMAL AD-DIN, KABIR, KHAQANI, KHAYYAM, LALLA DED, MAKHFI, MANSUR HALLAJ, MU'IN UD-DIN CHISHTI, NAZIR AKBARABADI, NESIMI, NIZAMI, OBEYD ZAKANI, RAHMAN BABA, RUMI, SANA'I, SADI, SARMAD, SHABISTARI, SHAH LATIF, SHAH NI'MAT'ULLAH, SULTAN BAHU, YUNUS EMRE, EARLY ARABIC SUFI POETS, EARLY PERSIAN SUFI POETS, URDU SUFI POETS, TURKISH SUFI POETS, AFGHAN SUFI POETS 90 pages each. Paul Smith is a poet, author and translator of over 80 books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Sadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre and many others, as well as poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and screenplays. www.newhumanitybooksbookheaven.com

Book Sufi Saints of Kashmir

    Book Details:
  • Author : Sayid Ashraf Shah
  • Publisher : Partridge India
  • Release : 2014-11-25
  • ISBN : 9781482840629
  • Pages : 786 pages

Download or read book Sufi Saints of Kashmir written by Sayid Ashraf Shah and published by Partridge India. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book that comprises of three volumes covers a research work of three decades, by way of collection of centuries old handwritten manuscripts mostly in Arabic and Persian languages and getting these translated in to Urdu and now in English.Vol I covers History of Unique way of introduction of Islam in Kashmir, description of fourteen Sufi Orders and those common in Kashmir. Vol. II covers the translation of a 150 year old Persian poetry manuscript that is based on the miraculous acts performed by the saints mentioned therein and Vol. III describes the brief life sketches of these saints and those of their perceptors collected from different available sources.

Book Bidar  Its History and Monuments

Download or read book Bidar Its History and Monuments written by Ghulam Yazdani and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. This book was released on 1947 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Sh  h Wal   All  h and His Times

Download or read book Sh h Wal All h and His Times written by Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Path of the Masters

Download or read book The Path of the Masters written by Julian Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Millennial Sovereign

    Book Details:
  • Author : A. Azfar Moin
  • Publisher : Columbia University Press
  • Release : 2012
  • ISBN : 0231160364
  • Pages : 366 pages

Download or read book The Millennial Sovereign written by A. Azfar Moin and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book brings into dialogue two major fields of scholarship that are rarely studied together: sacred kingship and sainthood in Islam. In doing so, it offers an original perspective on both. In historical terms, the foucs here is on the Mughal empire in sixteenth-century India and its antecedents and parallels in Timurid Central Asia and Safavid Iran."--Introduction, p. [1].