Download or read book Shade Tolerance of Saplings from the Mixed Forests of Northeast China microform Implications for Plantation Forestry written by Saprunoff, Megan and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Northeast provinces of China support a diverse mixed temperate forest and have plantations suitable for carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration potential of plantations can be increased by thinning and underplanting with hardwood species. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a quantified measure of shade tolerance for common tree species using the whole plant light compensation point approach. Secondary objectives include: assessing the effect of the soil texture, soil moisture and the presence of two species (Pinus koraiensis and Larix olgensis) commonly used in plantations on sapling growth and/or establishment success. Data was collected over six weeks during the summer of 2004 adjacent to the Changbaishan Reserve. Eighteen of the twenty species studied could survive and grow beneath the canopy of an existing plantation. Species that demonstrated the best combination of traits were Fraxinus mandshurica, Populus davidiana and Tilia amurensis. These conclusions are restricted to the area studied.
Download or read book The Importance of Multiple Resource Limitation to Shade Tolerance and Habitat Preferences in Tropical and Temperate Tree Saplings microform written by Jennifer Lynn Baltzer and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shade tolerance is typically reported as broad categories encompassing many species that are treated as ecological equivalents and is frequently considered from a single resource perspective: namely, ability to tolerate low light. However, variable soil resources and biotic factors also characterize the light-limited understory implying a role for multiple resource limitation in shade tolerance. In the present study, I quantified whole plant light compensation point (WPLCP) for saplings of tree species of varying shade tolerance from tropical and temperate systems using growth-, survival- and gas-exchange-based methods. Species traditionally classified as shade tolerant or light demanding were positioned at extreme and opposite ends of the shade tolerance continuum while mid-tolerant's WPLCP spanned the continuum. I measured morphological and physiological sapling traits to assess their contribution to WPLCP. In both tropical and temperate species, dark respiration (at the leaf or whole plant level) was a strong predictor of WPLCP. Seed size was also a strong predictor of gas-exchange based WPLCP. Using growth- and gas-exchange-based methods I examined changes in WPLCP with variable resources achieved through the experimentally manipulating light and nutrients. Nutrient addition generally had little effect on measured traits; however, gas-exchange-based WPLCP was higher in a number of temperate species under increased nutrients. Additionally, increased nutrient availability resulted in increased chlorophyll content and leaf-level spectral absorptance for some species, which could impact low-light carbon gain. In the tropical forest, comparisons were made between closely related species pairs occurring on two soil types differing in water and nutrient availability. Species associated with dry, sandy ridges showed conservative patterns of water use achieved at the cost of higher respiration rates in comparison to species associated with the moist, rich alluvial lowlands. WPLCP of species associated with the ridgetops were greater than alluvial specialists, likely due to the metabolic costs of higher water use efficiency given the contribution of respiration rates to WPLCP. In the temperate forest, site-to-site variation in water availability resulted in variable, species-specific responses of WPLCP, growth and leaf-level gas-exchange. These results provide strong evidence of multiple resource limitation and emphasize the importance of species' responses to soil resources in shade tolerance.
Download or read book Testing Two Measures of Shade Tolerance in a Mesic Forest in Southeast Texas written by Jie Lin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I used sapling demographic data to investigate the relationship between shade tolerance and parameter estimates of a mortality-growth model and a height-diameter model. The study site is at Wier Woods, a mesic forest in southeast Texas. The results show that species order for probability of mortality at zero growth corresponds closely to the standard shade tolerance classification: the probability of mortality at zero growth decreases as shade tolerance rank increases. Also, the probability of mortality decreases rapidly as growth increases for shade-intolerant species, while showing little variation for shade-tolerant species. Therefore, this study provides strong support for the assertion that the mortality-growth relationship is a key life-history characteristic that determines shade tolerance. The results of a linear regression of height against DBH show that shade-intolerant species have steeper slopes than shade-tolerant species. This implies that a trade-off of photosynthate allocation between height growth and diameter growth may be an additional mechanism that influences shade tolerance.
Download or read book The Subtropical Vegetation of Southwestern China written by Cindy Q. Tang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a wealth of high-quality scientific information on the patterns and processes of vegetation change across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, concentrating on Southwestern China, mostly on the Yunnan region, and extending to the Yangtze River valley near the boundaries separating Chongqing, Sichuan and Guizhou.
Download or read book Forest Cover Change in Northeast China During the Period of 1977 2007 and Its Driving Forces written by Miaoying Shi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Forests of Northeast China 1600 1953 written by Patrick Joseph Caffrey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growing Plantation Forests written by P. W. West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the scientific principles that are used throughout the world to ensure the rapid, healthy growth of forest plantations. As the population of the world increases so does the amount of wood people use. Large areas of natural forests are being cleared every year and converted to other uses. Almost as large an area of plantation forests is being established annually to replace those lost natural forests. Eventually, plantations will produce a large proportion of the wood used around the world for firewood, building, the manufacture of paper and bioenergy. Forest plantations can also provide various environmental benefits including carbon storage, rehabilitation of degraded land, serving as disposal sites for various forms of industrial or agricultural waste and enhancing biodiversity in regions that have been largely cleared for agriculture. Whatever their motivation, plantation forest growers want their plantations to be healthy and grow rapidly to achieve their purpose as soon as possible. This book discusses how this is done. It is written for a worldwide audience, from forestry professionals and scientists through to small plantation growers, and describes how plantations may be grown responsibly and profitably.
Download or read book Conserving Bogs written by Rob E. Stoneman and published by Stationery Office Books (TSO). This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bogs are fascinating landscapes for ecologists, climatologists, archaeologists, environmental historians and water managers. But many bogs have been damaged, and legislative protection - as 29 case studies demonstrate - is not enough to conserve the rest.
Download or read book Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cover Crops in West Africa written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1998 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Crops in West Africa Contributing to Sustainable Agriculture
Download or read book Return to Resistance written by Raoul A. Robinson and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1996 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the tradition of Silent Spring, Raoul Robinson's Return to Resistance calls for a revolution. Traditional plant breeding techniques have led us to depend more and more on chemical pesticides to protect ourcrops. Return to Resistance shows gardeners, farmers, and plant breeders how to use a long-neglected technique to create hardy new plant varieties that are naturally resistant to pests and disease. Horizontal resistance breeding has been largely ignored in this century due to the popularity and apparent successes of the Mendelian geneticists. However the colossal, unrecognized failure of m.
Download or read book A Revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L Solanaceae written by Sandra Knapp and published by PenSoft Publishers LTD. This book was released on 2013-05-10 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a monograph of the 47 species of the Dulcamaroid clade of the large and diverse genus Solanum. Species in the group occur in North, Central and South America, and in Europe and Asia. The group is most species-rich in Peru and Brazil, and three of the component species, Solanum laxum of Brazil, Solanum seaforthianum of the Caribbean and and Solanum crispum of Chile are cultivated in many parts of the world. All species are illustrated and a distribution map of each is provided. All names are typified and nomenclatural and bibliographic details for all typifications presented. One new species from Ecuador is described. The monograph is the first complete taxonomic treatment of these species since the worldwide monograph of Solanum done by the French botanist Michel-Felix Dunal in 1852.
Download or read book Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.
Download or read book Conserving Biodiversity in East African Forests written by W.D. Newmark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tanzania is one of the most biologically diverse nations in the world. Traveling from west to east across Tanzania, one encounters an incredible array of ecosystems and species. Beginning at Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika, and Nyasa that form much of the western boundary of Tanzania, one finds the most diverse and some of the most spectacular concentrations of endemic fish in any of the world's lakes. Moving further inland from the lakes, one meets the woodlands and plains of Serengeti, Ngorongoro, Tarangire, and Lake Manyara. The assemblages and movements of large mammals in these protected areas are unparalleled worldwide. Traveling yet further to the east, one comes to Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. Mount Kilimanjaro is of sufficient height to not only contain seven major vegetation zones, but also maintain permanent glaciers. Finally, shortly before arriving at the Indian Ocean, one encounters the Eastern Arc Mountains, a series of isolated and geologically ancient mountains, which due to their height and proximity to the Indian Ocean intercept sufficient precipitation to support, in many areas, moist tropical forest. The Eastern Arc Mountains are among the richest sites biologically in all of Africa and harbor unusually high concentrations of endemic species - species whose geographic distribution are restricted to these mountains. Unfortunately, much of Tanzania's biodiversity is threatened by habitat alteration, destruction, and exploitation. The Eastern Arc forests face some of the most severe threats to any of Tanzania's biologically unique sites.
Download or read book Farming Systems in the Tropics written by Hans Ruthenberg and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some general charscteristics of farming in a tropical environment; Shifting cultivation systems; Fallow systems; Ley systems; Systems with permanent upland cultivation; Systems with arable irrigation farming; Systems with perennial crops; Grazing systems; General tendences in the development of tropical farm systems.
Download or read book Open Space as an Air Resource Management Measure Sink factors written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Microbe Symbiosis written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the latest advances concerning symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes, and their applications in plant productivity and agricultural sustainability. Symbiosis is a living phenomenon including dynamic variations in the genome, metabolism and signaling network, and adopting a multidirectional perspective on their interactions is required when studying symbiotic organisms. Although various plant-microbe symbiotic systems are covered in this book, it especially focuses on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis and root nodule symbiosis, the two most prevalent systems. AM symbiosis involves the most extensive interaction between plants and microbes, in the context of phylogeny and ecology. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition, as well as the diversity of natural ecosystems, are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. In turn, root nodule symbiosis includes morphogenesis and is formed by communication between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The biotechnological application of plant–microbe symbiosis is expected to foster the production of agricultural and horticultural products while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems. Designed as a hands-on guide, this book offers an essential resource for researchers and students in the areas of agri-biotechnology, soil biology and fungal biology.
