Download or read book The Tungara Frog written by Michael Joseph Ryan and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Tungara Frog written by Michael J. Ryan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a Panamanian pond, male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) gather in choruses, giving their "advertisement" call to the females that move among them. If a female chooses to make physical contact with a male, he will clasp her and eventually fertilize her eggs. But in vying for the females, the males whose calls are most attractive may also attract the interest of another creature: the fringe-lipped bat, a frog eater. In the Túngara Frog, the most detailed and informative single study available of frogs and their reproductive behavior, Michael J. Ryan demonstrates the interplay of sexual and natural selection. Using techniques from ethology, behavioral ecology, sensory physiology, physiological ecology, and theoretical population genetics in his research, Ryan shows that large males with low-frequency calls mate most successfully. He examines in detail a number of explanations for the females' preferences, and he considers possible evolutionary forces leading to the males' success. Though certain vocalizations allow males to obtain mates and thus should be favored by sexual selection, this study highlights two important costs of such sexual displays: the frogs expand considerable energy in their mating calls, and they advertise their whereabouts to predators. Ryan considers in detail how predators, especially the frige-lipped bat (Trachops cirrhosus), affect the evolution of the túngara frog's calls.
Download or read book The Tungara Frog written by Michael J. Ryan and published by . This book was released on with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a Panamanian pond, male tuacute;ngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) gather in choruses, giving their "advertisement" call to the females that move among them. If a female chooses to make physical contact with a male, he will clasp her and eventually fertilize her eggs. But in vying for the females, the males whose calls are most attractive may also attract the interest of another creature: the fringe-lipped bat, a frog eater. In the Tuacute;ngara Frog, the most detailed and informative single study available of frogs and their reproductive behavior, Michael J. Ryan demonstrates the interplay of sexual and natural selection. Using techniques from ethology, behavioral ecology, sensory physiology, physiological ecology, and theoretical population genetics in his research, Ryan shows that large males with low-frequency calls mate most successfully. He examines in detail a number of explanations for the females' preferences, and he considers possible evolutionary forces leading to the males' success. Though certain vocalizations allow males to obtain mates and thus should be favored by sexual selection, this study highlights two important costs of such sexual displays: the frogs expand considerable energy in their mating calls, and they advertise their whereabouts to predators. Ryan considers in detail how predators, especially the frige-lipped bat (Trachops cirrhosus), affect the evolution of the tuacute;ngara frog's calls.
Download or read book Sexual Selection and Communication in Frogs written by Michael J. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sexual Selection and Communication in a Neotropical Frog written by Michael Joseph Ryan and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Tungara Frog written by Michael J. Ryan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a Panamanian pond, male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) gather in choruses, giving their "advertisement" call to the females that move among them. If a female chooses to make physical contact with a male, he will clasp her and eventually fertilize her eggs. But in vying for the females, the males whose calls are most attractive may also attract the interest of another creature: the fringe-lipped bat, a frog eater. In the Túngara Frog, the most detailed and informative single study available of frogs and their reproductive behavior, Michael J. Ryan demonstrates the interplay of sexual and natural selection. Using techniques from ethology, behavioral ecology, sensory physiology, physiological ecology, and theoretical population genetics in his research, Ryan shows that large males with low-frequency calls mate most successfully. He examines in detail a number of explanations for the females' preferences, and he considers possible evolutionary forces leading to the males' success. Though certain vocalizations allow males to obtain mates and thus should be favored by sexual selection, this study highlights two important costs of such sexual displays: the frogs expand considerable energy in their mating calls, and they advertise their whereabouts to predators. Ryan considers in detail how predators, especially the frige-lipped bat (Trachops cirrhosus), affect the evolution of the túngara frog's calls.
Download or read book Sexual Selection and Communication in the African Painted Reed Frog Hyperolius Marmoratus written by Thomas Ulmar Grafe and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ANURAN COMMUNICATION written by RYAN MICHAEL J and published by Smithsonian Books (DC). This book was released on 2001-05-17 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, 25 scientists from around the world review the most recent advances in the study of how frogs and toads communicate. The contributors - who are experts in disciplines including animal behaviour, developmental biology, endocrinology, evolution, ecology and neurobiology - examine this amphibian order's vocal, visual and chemical signals, the physiology and energetics of their production, neural processing, related behaviours, and evolutionary implications. As the chapters demonstrate, research developments have led to further understanding of the role of the anuran larynx in sound production, how the anuran brain recognizes sound, and how both of these processes are influenced by the animal's physiological state. The contributors also discuss male-to-male call strategies as well as how female preferences for call variation contribute to sexual selection, speciation and hybridization. The text presents material about kin recognition abilities and the surprising range of visual displays by tropical anurans, and examines how the inherent structure of the auditory system might generate sensory biases that influence signal evolution.
Download or read book Condition dependent Signaling in a Neotropical Frog written by Kyle Osborne Wilhite and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication facilitates almost every interaction between animals. Sexual selection produces signals that happen to be very energetically costly to produce. Only males who are in high condition should be able to produce these signals after basic individual needs are met. Here we investigate the effect of food intake/the ability to forage on condition and how condition influences the production of these sexual signals in the túngara frog. We recorded male calls in acoustic boxes for 9 days. After a period of no food, we found that males change certain aspects of their sexual advertisement call that are usually attractive to females. We then tested to see if females show a preference for a high or low condition male to which they preferred the high condition male. We then show that condition can predict a male’s ability to compete against other males for access to females. Males in low condition call less, make fewer complex calls, show changes in stereotypically sexually selected traits, and are less attractive to females
Download or read book Social Environment and Sexual Selection in Frogs written by Hettyey Attila and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymorphic Mating Signals and Female Choice in an Amazonian Frog written by Mónica Alexandra Guerra and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual selection, more specifically mate choice, is one of the most important mechanisms responsible for signal evolution and assortative mating. My thesis integrates genetic analysis, behavioral assays and morphological observations to understand the evolution of polymorphic male mating signals in the frog Peters’ Dwarf Frogs (Physalaemus petersi). In this frog, different populations form distinct genetic clades that coincide with the type of advertisement call males produce. My thesis has four chapters: the first chapter investigates the role of sexual selection in the origin and maintenance of polymorphic mating signals and its consequences for reproductive isolation. I demonstrate strong female mate choice for male signals at a sympatric site. I propose that sexual selection is responsible for the maintenance of different call morphs in sympatric populations, and it likely contributed to the origin of polymorphic male signals. Males of P. petersi form choruses. Males that produce different call morphs are found calling together in sympatric populations. This set up the question if Peters’ Dwarf Frogs use acoustic cues to join choruses in nature. In the second chapter, I demonstrated that the males perform phonotaxis to choruses of similar call frequency. Along with the previous studies of female phonotaxis, the results suggest the pattern of discrimination of males and females are similarly based on the frequency of the call. Evolution of some behaviors results from changes in morphology; for instance, advertisement calls are normally restricted to males, which have larger larynges and muscles than females. In the third chapter, I investigate the ontogenetic morphological differences between males and females of a model in animal communication and close relative of P. petersi, the túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. The results constitute the first comparison between males and females in the ontogeny of the vocal apparatus of a common frog, and contribute to the general knowledge of developmental differences in sound-producing organs. Lastly, in the fourth chapter, I investigated the developmental differences between males of two populations of Peters’ Dwarf Frog that produce different types of calls. I found the laryngeal growth is significantly different between P. petersi males that produce different types of calls.
Download or read book Systematics and the Evolution of Calls and Mating Preferences on T ngara Frogs genus Engystomops written by Santiago R. Ron and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexually selected traits are among the most costly, complex, and conspicuous elements of the phenotype. In polygynous reproductive systems, they evolve under strong selection by females. Why females favor those traits, however, is an on-going debate. Here, I use túngara frogs as a model system to study the evolution of communication under sexual selection. The wealth of available information on the behavior, neurophysiology, and reproductive biology of túngara frogs make them an ideal system to understand the patterns of signal evolution and explore the processes that have shaped them. In chapter 1 and 2, I review the taxonomy of túngara frogs (Engystomops) from western Ecuador. I describe three new species including their external morphology and advertisement calls. In chapter 3, I explore the phylogenetic relationships of túngara frogs, testing the support for alternative relationships previously reported for this group. The new phylogeny provides the framework for the comparative analysis carried out in chapters 4 and 5. In chapter 4, I present new female preference and male advertisement call data to test the sensory exploitation hypothesis of sexual selection. Using ancestral character reconstruction, I found that female preferences for complex calls did not originated before the appearance of complex calls, as predicted by sensory exploitation. Instead, my results suggest that the origin of complex calls and their preference originated at similar times. Finally, in chapter 5, I analyze the macroevolutionary patterns of call variation in male túngara frogs. A generalized least squares model demonstrates that advertisement calls have a strong phylogenetic signal. Although most species in Engystomops have distinctive calls, they share a common acoustic structure with two components that evolve at different rates. I did not found evidence of greater call differentiation among sympatric species relative to allopatric species.
Download or read book Sexual Selection written by Regina H. Macedo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual Selection: Perspectives and Models from the Neotropics presents new sexual selection research based upon neotropical species. As neotropical regions are destroyed at an alarming rate, with an estimated 140 species of rainforest plants and animals going extinct every day, it is important to bring neotropical research to the fore now. Sexual selection occurs when the male or female of a species is attracted by certain characteristics such as form, color or behavior. When those features lead to a greater probability of successful mating, they become more prominent in the species. Although most theoretical concepts concerning sexual selection and reproductive strategies are based upon North American and European fauna, the Neotropical region encompasses much more biodiversity, with as many as 15,000 plant and animal species in a single acre of rain forest. This book illustrates concepts in sexual selection through themes ranging from female cryptic choice in insects, sexual conflict in fish, interaction between sexual selection and the immune system, nuptial gifts, visual and acoustic sexual signaling, parental investment, to alternative mating strategies, among others. These approaches distinguish Sexual Selection from current publications in sexual selection, mainly because of the latitudinal and taxonomic focus, so that readers will be introduced to systems mostly unknown outside the tropics, several of which bring into question some well-established patterns for temperate regions. Synthesizes sexual selection research on species from the Neotropics Combines different perspectives and levels of analysis using a broad taxonomic basis, introducing readers to systems mostly unknown outside the tropics and bringing into question well-established patterns for temperate regions Includes contributions exploring concepts and theory as well as discussions on a variety of Neotropical vertebrates and invertebrates, such as insects, fish, arthropods and birds
Download or read book Intrasexual Selection and Warning Color Evolution in an Aposematic Poison Dart Frog written by Laura Rose Crothers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flamboyant colors are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. While many of these traits arise through sexual selection, bright coloration can also evolve through natural selection. Many aposematic species, for example, use conspicuous warning coloration to communicate their noxiousness to predators. Recent research suggests these signals can also function in the context of mate choice. Studies of warning color evolution can therefore provide new insights into how the interplay of natural and sexual selection impact the trajectory of conspicuous signal evolution. For my dissertation, I investigated the potential for male-male competition to impact the warning color evolution of a species of poison frog. I focused my work on an exceptionally bright and toxic population of the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) where males are brighter than females, a classic signature of sexual selection. In Chapter 1, I used theoretical models of predator and frog visual systems to determine which can see the variation in bright warning coloration within this population. I found that birds, the presumed major predator, likely cannot see this variation, indicating that sexual selection can work under the radar of predators in this species. In Chapter 2, I tested the aggressive responses of males using a two-way choice paradigm that manipulated the perceived brightness of stimulus males. I found that males directed more of their behaviors to bright stimulus frogs, and brighter focal frogs more readily approached stimuli and directed more of their attention to the brighter rival. In Chapter 3, I tested the outcomes of dyadic interactions between males of varying brightness and observed male reactions to simulated intruders in their territories. I found that brighter males initiated aggressive interactions with rivals more readily, and brightness asymmetries between males settled interactions in a way that is consistent with classic hypotheses about male sexual signals. In Chapter 4 I sought to describe physiological correlates of male warning color brightness. While male brightness did not co-vary with classic measures of body condition (circulating testosterone and skin carotenoids), it did correlate with toxins sequestered from the diet and thus appears to be a reliable signal of toxicity in this population.
Download or read book Parental Care and Acoustic Communication of the Smooth Guardian Frog Limnonectes Palavanensis a Bornean Frog with Possible Sex role Reversal written by Johana Goyes Vallejos and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual selection theory predicts that the sex contributing most toward the viability of the offspring will become the choosy sex. In most animal species, females have higher parental investment; thus, sexual selection typically acts more strongly on males, making the females choosy. On rare occasions, male parental investment is so high that it limits the potential for additional mating opportunities. In these cases, females compete for males and males become the choosy sex, leading to a sex-role reversed system. The sex-role reversal hypothesis states that males invest more in the offspring that females do, females display sexually selected traits more intensely than males, and females outnumber males in the mating pool, leading to more intense intrasexual competition among females. I characterized the vocal repertoire and parental care behaviors in the smooth guardian frog Limnonectes palavanensis in Brunei Darussalam (Borneo Island) in order to test predictions of the sex-role reversal hypothesis. I found that males perform all parental duties, attending the eggs for 9–11 days, and then transporting the tadpoles on their backs to a suitable deposition site. These deposition sites are scarce, which may increase the number of days it takes a male to return to the mating pool. Choice experiments testing deposition site preferences demonstrated that males do not avoid predators or conspecific tadpoles. In addition, males may split their tadpoles among nearby pools. Moreover, I described the vocal repertoire of male and female L. palavanensis. Males exhibit an advertisement call and a courtship call not previously described for this species. Remarkably, I found that females gather around a calling male and start calling spontaneously at higher rates than those of the males, a behavior not previously reported in anurans. Using playback stimuli, I found that males do not defend territories and lack an aggressive call, however, they exhibit male-male acoustic interference. Females increase their calling rate when a simulated male is present but there was no evidence that they respond differently to female calls. The prolonged male parental care behavior and the calling behavior of L. palavanensis constitute evidence for sex-role reversal in this species.
Download or read book Vertebrate Sound Production and Acoustic Communication written by Roderick A. Suthers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the fundamental principles of vocal production are well-understood, and are being increasingly applied by specialists to specific animal taxa, they stem originally from engineering research on the human voice. These origins create a double barrier to entry for biologists interested in understanding acoustic communication in their study species. The proposed volume aims to fill this gap, providing easy-to-understand overviews of the various relevant theories and techniques, and showing how these principles can be implemented in the study of all main vertebrate groups. The volume will have eleven chapters assembled from the world's leading researchers, at a level intelligible to a wide audience of biologists with no background in engineering or human voice science. Some will cover sound production in a particular vertebrate group; others will address a particular issue, such as vocal learning, across vertebrate taxa. The book will highlight what is known and how to implement useful techniques and methodologies, but will also summarize current gaps in the knowledge. It will serve both as a tutorial introduction for newcomers and a springboard for further research for all scientists interested in understanding animal acoustic signals.
Download or read book The Pied Flycatcher written by Arne Lundberg and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2010-10-30 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pied Flycatcher is one of Europe's best-studied species. The first detailed work on it was begun in the 1930s by German ornithologists, but it was Lars von Haartman's Finnish study that both established long-term research on the species and founded many of the central themes of modern ornithology. Soon after, in the late 1940s, Bruce Campbell set up an intensive project in southwest England, which also still runs to this day. Many other eminent ornithologists followed and in 1979 Arne Lundberg and Rauno Alatalo started their own work in Sweden, Finland and latterly the north of England. A Palaearctic migrant, the Pied Flycatcher is notable for its very variable male plumage and complex territorial and polygynous breeding system. They take readily to nest boxes and have provided excellent opportunities for the study of a wide range of biological problems. This broad review of the species provides not only a detailed biology of this fascinating little bird, but a commentary on many of the most interesting problems in bird behaviour and ecology. Illustrated by Tomas Part.
