Download or read book Sex Differences in Executive Functions Following Pediatric Concussive Brain Injury written by Alexander Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION. Children with concussive brain injuries often exhibit impaired executive functioning that can lessen quality of life and impede cognitive development. Research also demonstrates that there may be important sex-based differences in outcomes following concussion. However, few studies have sought to go beyond symptom reports, leaving our understanding of sex differences in executive functioning unknown in this population. Therefore, we sought to not only evaluate clinical symptoms but also executive functioning in a multi-faceted manner through computerized testing and parental reports of cognitive-behavioral functioning in daily life. We hypothesized that females would exhibit more severe clinical symptoms and greater executive dysfunction following concussion compared to males.METHODS. During the 2017-2019 academic years, data were collected from a local pediatric sports medicine clinic. Thirty males (M = 15.00, SD = 1.44 years) and twenty females (M = 15.30; SD = 1.38 years) who sustained concussions were examined. All participants were evaluated at two timepoints, an average of 2- and 5-weeks post-concussion. Clinical symptoms were measured using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). Executive function was measured using the parent-reported Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), as well as a modified CogState Brain Injury Test Battery.RESULTS. Females reported a greater number of somatic and cognitive symptoms on the RPQ at 2 weeks and 5 weeks post-injury (pu2019s

Download or read book Sports Related Concussions in Youth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.

Download or read book Executive Function and Adaptive Abilities Following Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury and Nonconvulsive Seizures written by Taylor P. Blake and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: While research details cognitive and behavioral impairments following pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI), few studies have considered specific physiological changes in the hours and days post injury that may contribute to these deficits. New technologies have identified nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) during this acute time period, and these physiological changes may impact cognitive and behavioral impairment. Despite the recognized relationship between behaviorally manifested seizures and worse neurodevelopmental outcome, the impact of NCS on cognition and behavior following pediatric ABI remains largely understudied. The first aim of the study was to examine differences in executive, independent, and social functioning in participants with ABI+NCS or ABI only. It was hypothesized participants with ABI+NCS would demonstrate more severe impairments in these dependent domains as seizures have been implicated in poorer outcome. Secondly, the study sought to examine differences in relationships between variables affecting outcome and executive, independent, or social functioning when comparing ABI+NCS and ABI groups. It was hypothesized relevant variables would be more significantly correlated to the dependent domains in the ABI+NCS group. Methods: The current study is part of a larger study investigating the long-term impact of NCS following pediatric brain injury. Data related to demographics, quality of life, and functional outcome were collected over the phone, while executive function and adaptive ability measures were mailed to participants to complete on their own time. Demographic and injury-related data were analyzed along with scores on subscales of the BRIEF-P and ABAS-II. Executive functioning was evaluated using three indices from the BRIEF-P, including the Global Executive Composite (GEC), the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI), and the Metacognition Index (MCI). Independence was evaluated using scores on the Community Use Subscale and Self-Direction Subscale from the ABAS-II. Social functioning was measured using scores on the Social Subscale and Social Domain from the ABAS-II. Independent samples t-tests and correlation analyses were conducted in order to compare ABI+NCS and ABI groups. Further, correlation analyses investigated relationships between scores on the BRIEF-P, ABAS-II, and variables affecting outcome in each of the two groups. Variables affecting outcome included age, injury severity, quality of life, time since injury, and socioeconomic status. Results: Two equivalent groups were created by matching participants on age, gender, and functional outcome status and differentiating between ABI+NCS or ABI. In a sample of 22 participants, between group differences approached significance on the MCI subscale, with the ABI+NCS group endorsing more executive skills than the ABI group. A significant between groups difference was identified for the Community Use Subscale, although the ABI+NCS endorsed more independent behaviors. As well, a trend towards significance was observed for the Self-Direction Subscale, although the ABI+NCS group endorsed more independent behaviors. No significant between groups differences were found on subscales of social functioning, although the ABI group endorsed more social behaviors than the ABI+NCS group. No significant relationships were identified between any of the variables affecting outcome and scores on the BRIEF-P in either ABI+NCS or ABI groups. However, significant relationships were identified between scores on independence and social functioning subscales of the ABAS-II and variables affecting outcome. Age, injury severity, and quality of life were found to be most significantly related to ABAS-II scores; however, the strength of these relationships across the two groups were not consistent throughout analyses. Conclusions: This study initiated the first investigation of long term effects of NCS following pediatric ABI on executive functioning and adaptive abilities. Although between groups differences were observed in the opposite direction than hypothesized, these results may be accounted for by small sample size and sample variability. As well, the inconsistency in relationships between variables affecting outcome and dependent domains may also be accounted for by sample variability, small sample size, and inaccurate assessment of behaviors. Subsequent research is needed to understand what effect acute physiological changes post injury may have on outcome in the months and years following pediatric brain injury.

Download or read book Executive functions after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury written by Sarah Loher and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury written by Vicki Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes multidisciplinary, integrative, and translational approaches to research and practice in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Download or read book Executive Function and Social Outcome Following Paediatric TBI written by Frank Muscara and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little agreement within the literature regarding the relationship between executive function and social outcome following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). It has been suggested that the inconsistent findings may be due to the lack of a proposed mechanism through which this relationship exists. Yeates and colleagues (2004) propose a possible model in which the maturity of social problem solving skills mediates the relationship between executive function and social outcome. This study explored the relationship between executive function and social outcome, and whether social problem solving mediated this relationship. The long-term outcome of executive functioning and social functioning following the transition into adulthood, and their relationship with injury severity was also examined. The sample consisted of 36 adolescents and young adults who sustained a closed head injury between 8-13 years of age. Adolescents and young adults who suffered moderate/severe TBI during childhood displayed executive dysfunction and poorer social outcomes, with the maturity of social problem solving skills mediating the relationship between executive function and social outcome.

Download or read book Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion written by Jennifer Niskala Apps and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-14 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the growing numbers of children and adolescents playing sports and the increased attention to head injuries by the larger sports community and the general public, pediatric concussions are emerging as a major concern. And as practitioners are seeing more young clients with head injuries, questions arise about age-appropriate assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and return to activity. Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion: Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes offers evidence-based guidelines where few previously existed. This comprehensive volume clearly explains the effects of traumatic injury on the developing brain in sports- and non-sports-related contexts, and establishes a framework for immediate and long-term management, especially the crucial first 24 hours. Chapters provide a basic grounding in its subject with a history of concussion as a medical entity and a review of definitional and classification issues, take the reader through the steps of a neuropsychological evaluation, pinpoint post-injury issues, and offer strategies for the prevention of further or future injury. Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion: Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes serves as both educational resource and practical framework for a wide array of professionals, including neuropsychologists, sports medicine physicians, child psychologists and psychiatrists, pediatric and family physicians, athletic trainers, social workers, and educators.

Download or read book Long term Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury written by Michelle Clareen Makelki and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Download or read book On the Basis of Sex Impact on Traumatic Brain Injury written by T. John Wu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Educating Children and Young People with Acquired Brain Injury written by Sue Walker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educating Children with Acquired Brain Injury is an authoritative resource book on the effects of brain injury on young people and how educators can understand and support their needs. This new edition has been updated to reflect changes to legislation and practice relating to special educational needs and will enable you to maximise the learning opportunities for young people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Considering key areas in special educational needs such as communication, interaction, cognition, sensory and physical needs, the book provides information on the multifaceted needs of children and young people with ABI and how these needs can be met. This book will help you to: Understand the difficulties that young people with ABI experience Support these students by using appropriate strategies to help their learning Understand and address the social and emotional difficulties experienced by these students Work in partnership with families and other professionals Understand information from other professionals by reference to a glossary of terms Access further useful information from relevant resources and organisations Written for SENCOs, teachers, teaching assistants, educational psychologists and other education professionals across all settings, Educating Children with Acquired Brain Injury is full of useful information and advice for parents and other family members, clinical and behavioural psychologists, therapists and support workers involved with children and young people with ABI.

Download or read book Cognitive and Executive Functioning in 15 month old Children Following Traumatic Brain Injury Prior to Age One Year written by Maya Braden Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and acquired brain insult in American children, and therefore a major public health concern. Children less than one year of age are disproportionately likely to sustain a TBI, but this age group has been relatively neglected in the TBI research literature. In young school-age children, significant age-at-injury effects have been found in that children injured at younger ages tend to have worse outcome. This is in contrast to the predicted pattern of neuroplasticity, with younger brains tending to demonstrate greater plasticity. Additionally, studies of children after TBI reveal significant impact on control of attention, working memory, planning, and inhibitory control (executive functions (EF).) These areas often remain persistently compromised, even when overall cognitive functioning shows good recovery. Little is known about how the early components of EF may be affected when TBI occurs in infancy. The current study examined the relationship between injury variables (severity and age-at-injury) and cognitive and executive functioning in 15-month-old children following TBI sustained prior to one year of age. Nineteen children who sustained a TBI and 15 uninjured children were tested at 15 months of age. Cognitive functioning was measured with the Mental Scale of the Bayley-II. Working memory and inhibitory control were measured with a manual delayed response task (A-Not-B.) In the current study, children with TBI performed worse on average than uninjured children in overall cognitive functioning and executive functioning. Earlier age-at-injury was associated with poorer cognitive functioning at all severity levels. Earlier age-at-injury was associated with poorer EF performance in children with milder injuries, but not in those with more severe injuries. Results of the current study also support the use of an early "marker" task (the A-Not-B delayed response task) that appears sensitive to impairments in early components of executive functioning. The current study adds to the small body of knowledge about outcome after TBI in infancy and provides a strong case for routine neurodevelopmental follow-up as the standard of care for these children.

Download or read book Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury written by Harvey Levin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-28 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book reports recent progress in research on traumatic brain injury (TBI) by leading investigators encompassing translational and clinical studies. The text covers epidemiology, pathophysiology, brain imaging, cognition, behavioral sequelae, and clinical trials of innovative treatments, including new approaches to rehabilitation. The range of TBI mechanisms represented in this cutting-edge book includes closed head trauma and blast-related injury, and the spectrum of TBI severity. Chapters offer a developmental perspective, including the effects of TBI on cognitive development in children and outcome studies in adults. Contributors from various countries provide a global perspective on this worldwide health problem. The editors have synthesized the contents in a concluding chapter. Researchers and clinicians will find this volume to be an informative, authoritative reference for current TBI research.

Download or read book Essentials of Communication Sciences Disorders written by Paul T. Fogle and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully revised and updated, Essentials of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Second Edition is an accessible and engaging introductory resource for students new to communication sciences and disorders. This text covers basic information about speech disorders in both children and adults, while numerous case scenarios and personal stories paint a vivid picture of the profession. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.

Download or read book Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) provides disability compensation to veterans with a service-connected injury, and to receive disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), a veteran must submit a claim or have a claim submitted on his or her behalf. Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans reviews the process by which the VA assesses impairments resulting from traumatic brain injury for purposes of awarding disability compensation. This report also provides recommendations for legislative or administrative action for improving the adjudication of veterans' claims seeking entitlement to compensation for all impairments arising from a traumatic brain injury.

Download or read book Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Executive Function written by Gregory C. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. This project sought to identify differences between children and adolescents in terms of executive function after sustaining a TBI. This project used archival data from a local hospital to identify the effects of age and injury severity on objective measures of executive function. Two-tail T-tests were run to measure group differences between adolescents and children group mean EF performance across domains. Multiple regressions were run to measure predictability of age and severity on performance in each EF domain. Findings demonstrated no significant group differences. Although there were no significant differences between group means, there was a trend of higher scores overall for adolescents. Age in months and severity significantly predicted verbal abstraction performance and accounted for 45.25% of the variability. Processing speed emerged as an area of deficit for adolescents. Future research should focus on identifying longitudinal differences in EF performance between age groups and what individual factors affect EF performance.

Download or read book Post Traumatic Stress Disorder written by Charles B. Nemeroff and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the leaders in the field of PTSD research to present an up-to-date summary and understanding of this complex disorder. All of our current knowledge and controversies concerning the diagnosis, epidemiology, course, pathophysiology and treatment are described in detail. The evidence for efficacy for each of the different forms of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to at-risk groups, including minorities, and coverage of PTSD throughout the world is reviewed as well. The authors present state-of-the-art findings in genetics, epigenetics, neurotransmitter function and brain imaging to provide the most current and comprehensive review of this burgeoning field.