Download or read book Service Offshoring Productivity and Employment written by Mary Amiti and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2005-12-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the effects of offshoring on productivity in U.S. manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2000, using instrumental variables estimation to address the potential endogeneity of offshoring. It finds that service offshoring has a significant positive effect on productivity in the US, accounting for around 11 percent of productivity growth during this period. Offshoring material inputs also has a positive effect on productivity, but the magnitude is smaller accounting for approximately 5 percent of productivity growth. There is a small negative effect of less than half a percent on employment when industries are finely disaggregated (450 manufacturing industries). However, this affect disappears at more aggregate industry level of 96 industries indicating that there is sufficient growth in demand in other industries within these broadly defined classifications to offset any negative effects.
Download or read book Services Offshoring and its Impact on the Labor Market written by Deborah Winkler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Services – from information technology to research to finance – are now as subject to international trade as goods have been for decades. What are the labor market consequences of the recent surge in services offshoring? While offshoring has traditionally been found to affect only less-skilled workers in industrialized countries, this study finds that services offshoring also has negative consequences for high-skilled workers. Focusing on the case of Germany, Deborah Winkler shows how services offshoring has grown, who is most affected and what policy makers can do. Winkler measures the impact of services offshoring on German productivity, employment, and employment structure. She provides a well-balanced synthesis of theoretical insights, detailed empirical analysis, and economic policy recommendations. Although her main focus is on the case of Germany, many insights are also applicable to other developed countries.
Download or read book Offshoring and Employment Trends and Impacts written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-07-13 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report defines offshoring in detail, describes the wide-ranging effects that offshoring can have on employment both positively and negatively, and outlines the policy implications, suggesting ways to limit the downside of offshoring while building trust among stakeholders.
Download or read book Determinants and Productivity Effects of Service Offshoring written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-10-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 1,0, University of Hagen (Wirtschaftswissenschaft), language: English, abstract: Economic theory suggests that offshoring creates productivity-enhancing effects but literature in this area has been rather limited for service offshoring until recently. Thus, the contribution at hand tries to provide an overview of why firms engage in service offshoring and examine how service offshoring affects productivity. The work is structured as follows: Section 2 first provides a definition of the related terms and narrows down the topic of the paper. Section 3 briefly discusses service offshoring as a new paradigm of trade in the US. It also addresses the types of offshored service jobs, the offshore locations as well as the current volume of service offshoring. Section 4 discusses the various determinants that facilitate service offshoring. Section 5 contains the core analysis of this paper with the goal of analyzing the productivity effects of service offshoring theoretically and empirically. First, a Heckscher-Ohlin model by Feenstra and Hanson (1996, 1997, 1999) will be introduced as one of the earliest models addressing offshoring and productivity. Then the "trade in tasks" model by Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (2008) is presented to illustrate how service offshoring affects productivity. On an empirical level, the studies from Amiti and Wei (2009) and Schwörer (2013) will be discussed to address how service offshoring affects productivity specifically in the US and Europe. This will be followed by a comparison of the two empirical studies. Section 6 summarizes the work and adds some final remarks.
Download or read book Services Offshoring and Its Impact on Productivity and Employment written by Deborah Winkler and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Offshoring of Services written by Sigurd R. Nilsen and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2006-04 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much attention has focused on the offshoringÓ of services to lower-wage locations abroad. Offshoring generally refers to an org. purchase of goods or services from abroad that were previously produced domestically. Extensive public debate has arisen about both the potential benefits of services offshoring, such as lower consumer prices & higher U.S. productivity, as well as the potential costs, such as increased job displacement for selected U.S. workers. This report: provides an overview of experts' views on the potential impacts of services offshoring; describes the types of policies that have been proposed in response to offshoring; & highlights some key areas where add'l. research might help advance the debate about offshoring. Illus.
Download or read book Service Offshoring Productivity and Employment written by Mary Amiti and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the effects of offshoring on productivity in U.S. manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2000, using instrumental variables estimation to address the potential endogeneity of offshoring. It finds that service offshoring has a significant positive effect on productivity in the US, accounting for around 11 percent of productivity growth during this period. Offshoring material inputs also has a positive effect on productivity, but the magnitude is smaller accounting for approximately 5 percent of productivity growth. There is a small negative effect of less than half a percent on employment when industries are finely disaggregated (450 manufacturing industries). However, this affect disappears at more aggregate industry level of 96 industries indicating that there is sufficient growth in demand in other industries within these broadly defined classifications to offset any negative effects.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Offshoring and Global Employment written by Ashok Bardhan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Offshoring and Global Employment deals with a key issue of our time: How do globalization, economic growth and technological developments interact to impact employment? The book brings together eminent authors from a wide range of countries around the world, drawing on their diverse academic and policymaking backgrounds, and specific national or regional settings to assess how global economic changes have affected employment opportunities. The book is unique in a number of ways - It has a global reach, presenting analyses and viewpoints from both developed and developing countries, from all continents; its timing and context is particularly instructive, since most papers are located in the aftermath of the global financial crisis; and it addresses a wide range of questions-How do different types of offshoring and global linkages impact employment? How is the skill mix of the labor force impacted by globalization? How do institutional structures and regulations influence the outcome of globalization in developed and developing countries? Individual chapters analyze how the impact of global linkages on national economies is mediated through a number of structural aspects of the economy - its institutional and industrial structure, its resource base, its predominant firm type, its comparative advantage, and its regulatory practices. The chapters in the book cover both manufacturing and services sectors, and many chapters also address policy issues regarding innovation and job creation.
Download or read book The Factory free Economy written by Lionel Fontagné and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An economic analysis of de-industrialization that considers the ongoing transformation of the industrial economies and the consequences for economic policy.
Download or read book Offshoring of Business Services and Its Impact on the UK Economy written by Laura Abramovsky and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Briefing Note considers recent trends in specialisation, outsourcing and offshoring of business services. Specialisation within a firm happens when a firm organises an activity in a specialised unit, for example, when a firm moves payroll activities out of the back office of a factory, and into a specialised payroll office. Outsourcing is specialisation outside the firm. This occurs when firms opt to 'buy' rather than 'make' in-house. Outsourcing involves greater specialisation as firms switch from sourcing inputs internally to sourcing them from separately owned suppliers. Offshoring occurs when firms move production overseas - either its own specialised unit or outsourced services. Business Services are services that are provided to other business, rather than directly to the public. They include Computer Services, Professional Services (Legal, Accountancy, Market Research, Technical, Engineering, Architectural, Advertising and Consultancy), Research and Development, as well as other services such as Labour Placement Agencies and Call Centres. The findings in this Briefing Note, which are significant for thinking about business practice and public policy, are: -Business services have accounted for over 50% of job growth in the UK over the past two decades. In the 1980s, business services were not very significant as a separate industry. Employment in UK business services grew by 92% or 1.9m jobs between 1984 and 2001. This accounted for over half of the total growth in jobs. In 2002, a total of 4m people were employed in this sector, accounting for around 1 in 7 jobs in the whole economy. -UK production of business services also grew significantly faster than the rest of the economy over the last two decades. This has been driven mainly by increased demand from UK companies for UK-produced business services. The business service sector is now substantially bigger, in terms of value added, than it was two decades ago. -More business services are purchased from the UK than the UK purchases from overseas; i.e. we have a trade surplus in business services, and it has been growing. -The growth in demand for UK-produced business services has come mainly from UK-based firms. UK businesses are now outsourcing a substantially greater proportion of service activities than they did two decades ago. This domestic outsourcing has played a more important role in the growth of business services than demand from foreign-based businesses. -While there has undoubtedly been an increase in UK-based firms sourcing business services offshore, it is small relative to the increase in total output of business services. This shows up in the trade statistics: although the UK has rapidly increased both its imports (UK firms buying foreign-produced services) and exports (foreign firms buying UK-produced services), export growth has outstripped import growth. The UK has a substantial trade surplus in all business service sectors except one small industry. Figures for the latest 12 months suggest that the rate of growth may have slowed. -Between 1995 and 2001, exports of business services grew from £11.7bn to £31.7bn in nominal terms while imports grew from £6 bn to £14 bn. This has given the UK and increasing trade surplus in business services. This contrasts with an increasing deficit in trade in manufactured goods over the last two decades. But while trade in business services is increasing, it is still very small compared with trade in manufactured goods. -Most Business Service industries in the UK have experienced continued job growth. The fact that UK firms are increasingly sourcing business services offshore and foreign firms are increasingly sourcing business services in the UK may affect the total number of jobs in the UK, the type of jobs, the skills needed to do these jobs and the distribution of these jobs across regions and across people. The highest profile concern has been about job losses from sourcing IT software and services in India. It is hard to get precise numbers of jobs relocated abroad, and thus to tell how important this is for the UK economy. But looking at UK job growth, particularly in call centres, in combination with the number of jobs in India serving foreign clients shows that potential UK job losses from sourcing business services abroad are pretty small compared with total job creation in business services. The fastest growing sectors were Computer and related activities, which more than tripled in size between 1984 and 2002, and Other business activities, which doubled. Renting of machinery and equipment grew by 59% and Legal, technical and advertising grew by 71%. Research and development was the only sector not to grow, with employment declining slightly, by 4% between 1984 and 2001. Growth in the most recent years has slowed down somewhat. This growth has included in call centres, where the latest figures show that over half of the UK call centres sampled have increased the numbers of staff employed. The UK currently employs around 400,000 people in call centres. -UK productivity in Business Services has caught up with other G5 countries. We have substantially closed the productivity gap between the UK and the US, Germany and France in business services. This occurred while employment in the sector grew. Between 1984 and 2001, the difference between UK and US labour productivity (the productivity gap, as measured by value-added per hour worked) in two high-skilled sectors - Computer Services and Professional Services - was effectively eliminated. In 1984, US productivity in Computer Services was over twice as high as in the UK, while in 2001 it was only 10% higher. In Professional Services it was 80% higher, and is now at the same level. This simultaneous increase in employment and productivity contrasts with an earlier productivity improvement in manufacturing, which was achieved in large part through employment cuts.
Download or read book Impacts of Offshoring on Jobs and Small U S Manufacturers written by Jonathan S. Krekl and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshoring, also known as offshore outsourcing, is the term now being used to describe a practice among companies located in the United States of contracting with businesses beyond U.S. borders to perform services that would otherwise have been provided by in-house employees in white-collar occupations. The term is equally applicable to U.S. firms offshoring the jobs of blue-collar workers on textile and auto assembly lines, for example, which has been taking place for decades. The extension of offshoring from U.S. manufacturers to service providers has heightened public policy concerns about the extent of job loss and foregone employment opportunities among U.S. workers. This concern is especially pertinent to policymakers because of a national unemployment rate persistently exceeding 9 per cent despite the end of the latest recession. This book discusses the impacts of offshoring on jobs and small U.S. manufacturers.
Download or read book The Effect of Outsourcing on the U S Productivity and Employment written by Asama Kulvanitchaiyanunt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two sides of debate on trends of outsourcing. On the one hand, companies in favor of offshore outsourcing claim that according to globalization, outsourcing is the one of the strategies moving companies toward world-class. Outsourcing is not only reducing labor cost, but also helping companies extend their service globally. On the other hand, many experts are opposed to the practice believe that it takes jobs away from the country and compromises the security and stability of American industries. Trends in outsourcing do not seem to exist. The study presented in this thesis explores the linkages between outsourcing and productivity, focusing on measurement issues in United States manufacturing. More specifically the research investigates the impact of outsourcing on manufacturing employment. The data analysis shows that the productivity, especially in high-tech industries, as it related to outsourcing measurement is not accurate. This poor measurement of outsourcing, both domestic and international, may result in understand of the amount of outsourcing that occurs in aggregate or in the manufacturing sector. The research also indicates that offshore outsourcing is not a direct cause of high rates of unemployment. The amount of outsourcing has been low proportion of total unemployment rate of the country. In manufacturing sector, domestic outsourcing is important issue of mass layoffs. Offshoring, however, is not the key subject of mass layoffs due to the low proportion.
Download or read book The Effect of Offshoring on the Information Technology Sector written by Mohammed K. Yusuf and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is generated from a thesis written by this author in 2009 and provides an insight into the myth that is offshore outsourcing. The Information Technology field has often been criticized for its offshore outsourcing strategy and the negative impact it has on the American Economy. This book however, will provide insight and data gathered over the last twenty years, to show the true effects of offshore outsourcing. The advantages provided by offshore outsourcing are evident through the research in this book. Are we really losing all our jobs to offshore outsourcing? The rapid deployment of call centers to Asia Pac, has many claiming that all our jobs are overseas, this book gives you an insight into how globalization has affected the Information Technology field. The results might surprise you.
Download or read book Offshoring of Services written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth in services outsourcing to India propellant or drain on the U S economy written by William Greene and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Offshoring and Global Employment written by Ashok Bardhan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains essays from around the world addressing how globalization and offshoring have affected employment structure and job creation in both developing and developed countries.
Download or read book Offshoring and the Internationalization of Employment written by Peter Auer and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers examines key trends in the internationalisation of employment, drawing on the proceedings of an ILO conference held in Annecy, France in April 2005. The papers focus on three related issues: the impacts of trade and investment abroad, including the offshoring of production of goods and services, and effects on the winners and losers in terms of employment; adjustment methods for coping with the short and medium term problems related to the globalisation of employment; and the importance of international instruments to help ensure a level playing field in trade and promote development, drawing on established rights and international labour standards.
