Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.

Download or read book The Nature of Cognition written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to introduce the study of cognition in terms of the major conceptual themes that underlie virtually all the substantive topics.

Download or read book Response Times written by R. Duncan Luce and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1991-05-23 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative volume provides a well balanced and comprehensive treatment of the mathematical theory of human response time and the role it plays in our understanding of the mind's organization.

Download or read book Dynamics of decision making from evidence to preference and belief written by Erica Yu and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the core of the many debates throughout cognitive science concerning how decisions are made are the processes governing the time course of preference formation and decision. From perceptual choices, such as whether the signal on a radar screen indicates an enemy missile or a spot on a CT scan indicates a tumor, to cognitive value-based decisions, such as selecting an agreeable flatmate or deciding the guilt of a defendant, significant and everyday decisions are dynamic over time. Phenomena such as decoy effects, preference reversals and order effects are still puzzling researchers. For example, in a legal context, jurors receive discrete pieces of evidence in sequence, and must integrate these pieces together to reach a singular verdict. From a standard Bayesian viewpoint the order in which people receive the evidence should not influence their final decision, and yet order effects seem a robust empirical phenomena in many decision contexts. Current research on how decisions unfold, especially in a dynamic environment, is advancing our theoretical understanding of decision making. This Research Topic aims to review and further explore the time course of a decision - from how prior beliefs are formed to how those beliefs are used and updated over time, towards the formation of preferences and choices and post-decision processes and effects. Research literatures encompassing varied approaches to the time-scale of decisions will be brought into scope: a) Speeded decisions (and post-decision processes) that require the accumulation of noisy and possibly non-stationary perceptual evidence (e.g., randomly moving dots stimuli), within a few seconds, with or without temporal uncertainty. b) Temporally-extended, value-based decisions that integrate feedback values (e.g., gambling machines) and internally-generated decision criteria (e.g., when one switches attention, selectively, between the various aspects of several choice alternatives). c) Temporally extended, belief-based decisions that build on the integration of evidence, which interacts with the decision maker's belief system, towards the updating of the beliefs and the formation of judgments and preferences (as in the legal context). Research that emphasizes theoretical concerns (including optimality analysis) and mechanisms underlying the decision process, both neural and cognitive, is presented, as well as research that combines experimental and computational levels of analysis.

Download or read book Analysis of Sequential Effects in Choice Reaction Times written by Robert Joseph Remington and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reaction Times written by W. T. Welford and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 1980 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Choice Reaction Time as a Function of Stimulus Sequence written by P. G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Elements of Human Performance written by Andries F. Sanders and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a review of research on reaction processes and attention as it has evolved over the last 40 years in the context of the information processing tradition in cognitive psychology. It is argued and demonstrated that issues of reaction processes and attention are closely interconnected. Their common conceptualization can be seen in terms of limited processing capacity on the one hand, and stage analysis on the other. This volume concludes that, at present, a stage analysis metaphor offers better prospects as a conceptual starting point; the limited capacity metaphor was strongly tied to the digital computers of the 60s. The emphasis of the book is on behavioral research, but summaries of related findings on evoked potentials and other psychophysiological variables are included as well. From this perspective, it may be of interest to neuropsychologists who want to learn about the present state of cognitive experimental paradigms. Elements of Human Performance also addresses the question of the relationship between basic research and applications in the said areas. This is particularly urgent in view of the now common notion that the results of many simplified laboratory tasks may be artifactual and of little applied value. A back-to-back research strategy is outlined to assess the validity of basic research results for real-life tasks.

Download or read book Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Using Real Data written by Stephen J. Guastello and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although its roots can be traced to the 19th century, progress in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems has taken off in the last 30 years. While pertinent source material exists, it is strewn about the literature in mathematics, physics, biology, economics, and psychology at varying levels of accessibility. A compendium research methods reflect

Download or read book Control of Cognitive Processes written by Stephen Monsell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thirty-two contributions discuss evidence from psychological experiments with healthy and brain-damaged subjects, functional imaging, electrophysiology, and computational modeling.

Download or read book HCI Models Theories and Frameworks written by John M. Carroll and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-05-21 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks provides a thorough pedagological survey of the science of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). HCI spans many disciplines and professions, including anthropology, cognitive psychology, computer graphics, graphical design, human factors engineering, interaction design, sociology, and software engineering. While many books and courses now address HCI technology and application areas, none has addressed HCI's multidisciplinary foundations with much scope or depth. This text fills a huge void in the university education and training of HCI students as well as in the lifelong learning and professional development of HCI practitioners. Contributors are leading researchers in the field of HCI. If you teach a second course in HCI, you should consider this book. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the HCI concepts and methods in use today, presenting enough comparative detail to make primary sources more accessible. Chapters are formatted to facilitate comparisons among the various HCI models. Each chapter focuses on a different level of scientific analysis or approach, but all in an identical format, facilitating comparison and contrast of the various HCI models. Each approach is described in terms of its roots, motivation, and type of HCI problems it typically addresses. The approach is then compared with its nearest neighbors, illustrated in a paradigmatic application, and analyzed in terms of its future. This book is essential reading for professionals, educators, and students in HCI who want to gain a better understanding of the theoretical bases of HCI, and who will make use of a good background, refresher, reference to the field and/or index to the literature. - Contributors are leading researchers in the field of Human-Comptuter Interaction - Fills a major gap in current literature about the rich scientific foundations of HCI - Provides a thorough pedogological survey of the science of HCI

Download or read book Elements of Human Performance written by Andries Frans Sanders and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on 2 aspects of human performance theory, reaction processes and attention. These apsects are often ignored by treatments of cognitive psychology but are central to understanding an individual's performance.

Download or read book Mental Health Research Institute Staff Publications written by University of Michigan. Mental Health Research Institute and published by UM Libraries. This book was released on 1973 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Developmental Disabilities Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Attention and Performance VI written by Stanislav Dornic̆ and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 901 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1977, this sixth volume of an international series presented new and original material in the broad area of human performance. Included are the most recent findings, modern methodologies, and latest models and theories that indicate the trends and focus on recent points of debate. Among the topics covered are reaction processes, perceptual encoding, selective attention, visual search, processing a recognition of words as well as the reading process, and memory. This volume will be of paramount interest to experimental psychologists, from graduate students to post-graduate research workers.

Download or read book The Wave Theory of Difference and Similarity written by Stephen W. Link and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experimental procedures prompted the empirical development of psychophysical models: those that measure response frequency, often referred to as response probability; and those that measure response time, sometimes referred to as reaction time. The history of psychophysics is filled with theories that predict one or the other of these two responses. Yet the persistent reappearance of empirical relationships between these two measures of performance makes clear the need for a theory that both predicts and relates these two measures. Most likely, both response measures are the result of a single process that generates empirical laws relating response time and response probability. It is this process — its theory, description, and application — that is the topic of The Wave Theory of Difference and Similarity. Originally published in 1992, the author of this book has set out to provide a theoretical foundation for formulating new theories that systematize earlier results and to stimulate new concepts and introduce new tools for exploring mental phenomena and improving mental measurement.

Download or read book Human Motor Control written by David A. Rosenbaum and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Motor Control is a elementary introduction to the field of motor control, stressing psychological, physiological, and computational approaches. Human Motor Control cuts across all disciplines which are defined with respect to movement: physical education, dance, physical therapy, robotics, and so on. The book is organized around major activity areas. - A comprehensive presentation of the major problems and topics in human motor control - Incorporates applications of work that lie outside traditional sports or physical education teaching