Download or read book Sentencing Alternatives for Youth Courts written by Esther Mosak and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Download or read book Peer Justice and Youth Empowerment written by Tracy M. Godwin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-07 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Youth courts, also known as teen courts & peer courts, are one of the fastest growing programs in the community justice movement. This Guide will equip juvenile justice agencies with baseline info. that will aid them in developing, implementing, & enhancing teen courts programs. Chapters: overview; organizing the community; legal issues; developing a program purpose, goals, & objectives; determining a target population & designing a referral process; designing program services; developing a program model & procedures; recruiting, using, & training volunteers; examining human & financial resource issues; & program evaluation.
Download or read book Alternative Sentencing written by Andrew R. Klein and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Youth Court Guidelines written by Tracy M. Godwin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Youth courts provide communities with an opportunity to impose immediate consequences for first time youthful offenders, while providing a peer operated disposition mechanism that constructively allows young people to take responsibility, be held accountable, and make amends for violating the law. Dispositions hold youth accountable in part through peer pressure, which exerts a powerful influence over adolescent behavior. If peer pressure contributes to juvenile delinquency, then according to the experts, it can be redirected to promote law-abiding behavior. Additionally, while providing positive consequences for juvenile offenders such as community service, youth courts offer other young people in the community the opportunity to actively participate in the local decision-making process regarding how to address law-violating behavior and to gain hands-on knowledge of the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Currently in the United States, there are over 675 operating youth courts with more than 100 in development. To increase the reach of support to more communities, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has supported the development of these "National Youth Court Guidelines" to serve as a foundation for communities with existing or planned youth court programs. The guidelines are divided into 10 chapters: (1) "The Need for National Youth Court Guidelines"; (2) "Program Planning and Community Mobilization"; (3) "Program Staffing and Funding"; (4) "Legal Issues"; (5) "Identified Respondent Population and Referral Process"; (6) "Program Services and Sentencing Options"; (7) "Volunteer Recruitment"; (8) "Volunteer Training"; (9) "Youth Court Operations and Case Management"; and (10) "Program Evaluation." (Contains 37 references and additional resources.) (BT)
Download or read book Alternative Sentencing Intermediate Sanctions and Probation written by Andrew R. Klein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1997 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bad Kids written by Barry C. Feld and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-03-18 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leading scholar of juvenile justice, this book examines the social and legal changes that have transformed the juvenile court in the last three decades from a nominally rehabilitative welfare agency into a scaled-down criminal court for young offenders. It explores the complex relationship between race and youth crime to explain both the Supreme Court decisions to provide delinquents with procedural justice and the more recent political impetus to "get tough" on young offenders. This provocative book will be necessary reading for criminal and juvenile justice scholars, sociologists, legislators, and juvenile justice personnel.
Download or read book Peer Justice and Youth Empowerment written by Tracy M. Godwin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile, community, delinquency, victim.
Download or read book Sentencing Youth in Court written by Danni Lynn Geurin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study examined the impact of a Social Work Field Education Program in juvenile court and factors that moderate the program's ability to produce alternative sentences for youth. Additionally, a multidimensional model of legal, individual, and environmental influences on retributive sentencing of youth was explored. A non-equivalent comparison group design was utilized to study a sample of juveniles in the justice system. All youth in the sample were represented by Public Defender attorneys employed by the Department of Public Advocacy (agency). Sentencing outcomes for youth receiving the social work program (n=116) were compared to youth receiving conventional legal representation (n=94). An instrument created by the agency was used by students in the Social Work Field Education Program to collect intervention data and by the researcher to collect comparison data. The secondary data from the agency was combined with additional data describing some environmental characteristics of 16 county courts. Mental and physical health issues were found to be the predominant problem of juveniles in the sample. Logistical regression analyses found that juveniles represented by Public Defender attorneys with social workers were three times more likely to receive alternative sentencing decisions than youth with conventional representation. Males were found two and one-half times more likely to be sentenced to juvenile detention than females. The Social Work Field Education Program was more likely to generate alternative sentences for Caucasian youth than youth of color. Findings suggest that rural courts sentence youth more harshly than urban courts. However, the social work program interacted more positively with rural courts than urban courts to produce alternative sentences.
Download or read book Youth Courts written by Margaret Fisher and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ed464 862 National Youth Court Guidelines written by Tracy M. Godwin and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Youth courts provide communities with an opportunity to impose immediate consequences for first time youthful offenders, while providing a peer operated disposition mechanism that constructively allows young people to take responsibility, be held accountable, and make amends for violating the law. Dispositions hold youth accountable in part through peer pressure, which exerts a powerful influence over adolescent behavior. If peer pressure contributes to juvenile delinquency, then according to the experts, it can be redirected to promote law-abiding behavior. Additionally, while providing positive consequences for juvenile offenders such as community service, youth courts offer other young people in the community the opportunity to actively participate in the local decision-making process regarding how to address law-violating behavior and to gain hands-on knowledge of the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Currently in the United States, there are over 675 operating youth courts with more than 100 in development. To increase the reach of support to more communities, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention has supported the development of these IINational Youth Court Guidelinest1to serve as a foundation for communities with existing or planned youth court programs. The guidelines are divided into 10 chapters: (1) "The Need for National Youth; (2) I1ProgramPlanning and Community Mobilizationg1 Court Guidelinest1; (3) "Program Staffing and Funding"; (4) IILegal Issues"; (5) "Identified Respondent Population and Referral Processt1; (6) "Program Services and Sentencing Options"; (7) I1VolunteerRecruitment"; (8) IVolunteer Training";.
Download or read book Alternatives to Prisons written by Jennifer Skancke and published by Greenhaven Press, Incorporated. This book was released on 2005 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authors offer opinions on whether or not incarceration reduces crime, the use of family based therapies as alternatives to juvenile incarceration, defense-based sentencing, and more.
Download or read book Alternatives to Prison written by Anthony Bottoms and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the UK and many other western societies face up to the consequences of a rapidly increasing prison population, so the search for alternative approaches to punishment and dealing with offenders has become an increasingly urgent priority for government policy and society as a whole. This book reports the results of the research programme commissioned by the Coulsfield Inquiry into Alternatives to Prison, which was funded by the Esmée Fairbairn 'Rethinking Crime and Punishment' initiative. It is written by leading authorities in the field, and provides a comprehensive, authoritative and wide-ranging review of the range of issues associated with the use of noncustodial sanctions, examining experiences in Scotland and Northern Ireland as well as England and Wales.
Download or read book Teen Courts written by Jeffrey A. Butts and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Juveniles at Risk written by Christopher Slobogin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Slobogin and Fondacaro present their vision for a new juvenile justice system, founded on the evidence at hand and promoting the principles of rehabilitation and reintegration into society. The authors develop their juvenile justice policy proposals effectively by carefully addressing the problems with past policy approches and recent theoretical contributions.
Download or read book The Evolution of the Juvenile Court written by Barry C. Feld and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, 2020 ACJS Outstanding Book Award, given by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences A major statement on the juvenile justice system by one of America’s leading experts The juvenile court lies at the intersection of youth policy and crime policy. Its institutional practices reflect our changing ideas about children and crime control. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court provides a sweeping overview of the American juvenile justice system’s development and change over the past century. Noted law professor and criminologist Barry C. Feld places special emphasis on changes over the last 25 years—the ascendance of get tough crime policies and the more recent Supreme Court recognition that “children are different.” Feld’s comprehensive historical analyses trace juvenile courts’ evolution though four periods—the original Progressive Era, the Due Process Revolution in the 1960s, the Get Tough Era of the 1980s and 1990s, and today’s Kids Are Different era. In each period, changes in the economy, cities, families, race and ethnicity, and politics have shaped juvenile courts’ policies and practices. Changes in juvenile courts’ ends and means—substance and procedure—reflect shifting notions of children’s culpability and competence. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court examines how conservative politicians used coded racial appeals to advocate get tough policies that equated children with adults and more recent Supreme Court decisions that draw on developmental psychology and neuroscience research to bolster its conclusions about youths’ reduced criminal responsibility and diminished competence. Feld draws on lessons from the past to envision a new, developmentally appropriate justice system for children. Ultimately, providing justice for children requires structural changes to reduce social and economic inequality—concentrated poverty in segregated urban areas—that disproportionately expose children of color to juvenile courts’ punitive policies. Historical, prescriptive, and analytical, The Evolution of the Juvenile Court evaluates the author’s past recommendations to abolish juvenile courts in light of this new evidence, and concludes that separate, but reformed, juvenile courts are necessary to protect children who commit crimes and facilitate their successful transition to adulthood.
