Download or read book Sensory Hair Cell Death and Regeneration written by Michael E. Smith and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. Hair cells can be damaged due to such factors as aging, ototoxic chemicals, acoustic trauma, infection, or genetic factors. Loss of these hair cells lead to deficits in hearing and balance, and in mammals, such deficits are permanent. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates exhibit the capability to regenerate missing hair cells. Researchers have been examining the process of hair cell death and regeneration in animal models in an attempt to find ways of either preventing hair cell loss or stimulating the production of new hair cells in mammals, with the ultimate goal of finding new therapeutics for human sensorineural hearing and balance deficits. This has led to a wide array of research on sensory hair cells- such as understanding the factors that cause hair cell loss and finding agents that protect them from damage, elucidating the cell signaling pathways activated during hair cell death, examining the genes and cellular pathways that are regulated during the process of hair cell death and regeneration, and characterizing the functional sensory loss and recovery following acoustic or ototoxic insults to the inner ear. This research has involved cell and developmental biologists, physiologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and otolaryngologists. In this Research Topic, we have collated reviews of the past progress of hair cell death and regeneration studies and original research articles advancing sensory hair cell death and regeneration research into the future.
Download or read book Sensory Hair Cell Death and Regeneration written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. Hair cells can be damaged due to such factors as aging, ototoxic chemicals, acoustic trauma, infection, or genetic factors. Loss of these hair cells lead to deficits in hearing and balance, and in mammals, such deficits are permanent. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates exhibit the capability to regenerate missing hair cells. Researchers have been examining the process of hair cell death and regeneration in animal models in an attempt to find ways of either preventing hair cell loss or stimulating the production of new hair cells in mammals, with the ultimate goal of finding new therapeutics for human sensorineural hearing and balance deficits. This has led to a wide array of research on sensory hair cells- such as understanding the factors that cause hair cell loss and finding agents that protect them from damage, elucidating the cell signaling pathways activated during hair cell death, examining the genes and cellular pathways that are regulated during the process of hair cell death and regeneration, and characterizing the functional sensory loss and recovery following acoustic or ototoxic insults to the inner ear. This research has involved cell and developmental biologists, physiologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and otolaryngologists. In this Research Topic, we have collated reviews of the past progress of hair cell death and regeneration studies and original research articles advancing sensory hair cell death and regeneration research into the future.
Download or read book Hair Cell Regeneration Repair and Protection written by Richard J. Salvi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not male pattern baldness, but the loss of sensory hair, is a very serious topic. Sensory hair cells convert sound and motion into our sense of hearing, movement, and head position. In mammals, the loss of hair cells is irreversible. Or is it? Hair cells in other vertebrates are capable of regenerating and recovering partial or complete function. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the regeneration of sensory hair cells.
Download or read book Hair Cell Regeneration written by Mark E. Warchol and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a detailed update on progress in the field of hair cell regeneration. This topic is of considerable interest to academicians, clinicians, and commercial entities, including students of auditory and vestibular neuroscience, audiologists, otologists, and industry, all of whom may have interest in hair cell regeneration as a potential future therapy for hearing and balance dysfunction. In 2008, Springer published a SHAR volume on this subject (Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection, Editors Richard Salvi and Richard Fay). Since that time, there has been considerable advancement in this field.This book provides a historical perspective on the field, but the emphasis is on more "prospective" views of the various facets of regeneration research, in the hope that the volume will stimulate new projects and approaches, focusing on the limitations of current knowledge and describing promising strategies for future work. The book will include the following key features of hair cell regeneration: • Cellular and molecular control hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species (in particular zebrafish and chickens) • Our current understanding of the capacity for hair cell replacement in mammals (rodents and humans). • Signals controlling pro-regenerative behaviors in supporting cells, the hair cell progenitors. • New techniques that have been applied to study the genetic and epigenetic regulation of hair cell regeneration in mammals and non-mammals. • Contributions of stem cells toward building new tools to explore how hair cell regeneration is controlled and toward developing cells and tissue for therapeutic transplantation. • Studies that have applied gene and drug therapy to promote regeneration in mammals.
Download or read book Hair Cells Regeneration Repair and Death written by Jacob Evans and published by States Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sensory receptors which belong to the vestibular and auditory systems of vertebrates are termed as hair cells. They are present within the ears. These cells are able to detect movement around them through mechanotransduction. In mammals, hair cells are located in the cochlea of the inner ear. These cells can be categorized into two types, the inner and outer hair cells. They are functionally and anatomically different from each other. The inner hair cells are responsible for converting the sound vibrations in the fluids of the cochlea into electrical signals which are then conveyed to the brain. They are unable to regenerate. Therefore, any injury or damage to them is permanent and can lead to a decrease in hearing sensitivity. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around the regeneration, repair and death of hair cells. Its aim is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. This book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.
Download or read book Molecular and Quantitative Spatial Analysis of Aminoglycoside induced Hair Cell Death and Regeneration in the Avian Cochlea written by Dominic Aaron Mangiardi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Sensory hair cells in the cochlea convert fluid movement resulting from sound pressure waves into neural signals to relay information about sound to the brain. Damage to these sensory receptors can result in permanent hearing loss in humans. A leading cause of sensory hair cell death is exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g. gentamicin), which are clinically used to treat bacterial infection despite their known ototoxicity. The avian cochlea is a useful animal model to study aminoglycoside-induced sensory hair cell death due to structural similarities to the mammalian cochlea and similar susceptibility to aminoglycosides. The avian cochlea also has the capacity to regenerate lost hair cells via induction of neighboring supporting cells to re-enter the cell cycle and repopulate the damaged epithelium, unlike the mammalian cochlea. The aims of this dissertation are to study the mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in the avian cochlea and the subsequent replacement of damaged hair cells via supporting cell proliferation. A subcutaneous gentamicin injection (300 mg/kg) induced a proximal to distal progression of hair cell loss in the avian cochlea. Immunohistochemical labeling of avian cochlear preparations and confocal analysis were utilized to demonstrate the primary mechanism of hair cell death was via caspase-mediated apoptosis. A novel segmentation algorithm was developed to process confocal images of the avian cochlea to assess hair cell density across the surface of the sensory epithelium. This algorithm was utilized to demonstrate the opposite patterns of hair cell loss in the avian cochlea following systemic gentamicin treatment in vivo versus exposure to gentamicin in vitro and the rapid hair cell loss along the neural edge of the sensory epithelium following placement of explanted cochleae into the culture environment. Finally, the spatio-temporal progression of hair cell regeneration following systemic gentamicin treatment was analyzed using 3D confocal image stacks. The results of this analysis indicated a proximal to distal and inferior to superior progression of hair cell replacement that mimicked the progression of hair cell loss. However, no specific pattern of initial progenitor cell location within the depth of the sensory epithelium was determined.
Download or read book Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Regeneration of Mechanosensory Hair Cells in Zebrafish written by Eric D. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear mediate hearing and balance. Widespread loss of these hair cells results in severe hearing and balance deficits. Humans and other mammals are unable to regrow lost hair cells, but there are a number of other organisms, such as fish, frogs, and birds, that can. A more thorough understanding of how this hair cell regeneration occurs, at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels, could one day allow us to target those same processes in humans and induce endogenous hair cell regeneration as a therapy for hearing and balance disorders. The zebrafish is one such organism that serves as an excellent model for hair cell regeneration. Zebrafish not only have an inner ear, but also a sensory system called the lateral line, which is comprised of clusters of hair cells arranged along the surface of the body. Lateral line hair cells are analogous to inner ear hair cells, but mediate the fish’s response to changing water flow. Previous studies have demonstrated that lateral line hair cells regenerate rapidly and completely following hair cell death, and that the surrounding support cells serve as progenitors for new hair cells. However, little is known about how progenitor function in the lateral line is regulated, and the work presented in this thesis seeks to rectify that. In Chapter 1 I provide an introduction to hair cell regeneration, with a particular focus on hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line and the inner ear. In Chapter 2, I identify genetically-distinct populations of lateral line support cells and demonstrate that they differ in their capacities to serve as hair cell progenitors. Furthermore, I show that these progenitor populations are independently regulated and that they also serve to maintain the progenitor pool within the lateral line. In Chapter 3, I develop tools to study regeneration of zebrafish inner ear hair cells and demonstrate that regeneration in the cristae occurs via transdifferentiation. Finally, in Chapter 4 I summarize my work and outline future experiments that will further elucidate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration.
Download or read book Development of an Optogenetic Tool for Targeted Sensory Hair Cell Ablation in Zebrafish written by Alexandria Christine Cedrone and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanosensory hair cells convert mechanical information into neuronal signals. Mutations in the genes required for hair cell function cause deafness and lead to the degeneration of sensory hair cells. Mammals are unable to regenerate these cells, leading to the permanent loss of hair cells. Research efforts are being made to stimulate hair cell regeneration in mammals and to repair genetic mutations via gene therapy to restore hearing. However, if sensory-deficient hair cells are unable to be regenerated, the effectiveness of gene therapy will be limited. To date, there are no studies examining whether mutant hair cells are able to regenerate after cell death. Other vertebrates, such as amphibians, birds, reptiles and fish, possess the ability to regenerate mechanosensory hair cells after cell death. Thus, it is of great value to investigate the genetic factors affecting the regeneration of the sensory hair cells in these species as a step towards initiating this ability in humans. This experiment uses the zebrafish model system to investigate the ability of sensory- deficient hair cells to resist ototoxic insults, and the proliferative and regenerative properties of the lateral line organ. To look at the regeneration capabilities of MET mutants, ablation methods were used to target sensory hair cells using the OptoBax system in zebrafish.
Download or read book Renewal of Life written by Avis Simmonds and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of this book, Renewal of Life!, was thought of as I traveled around and observed how life is renewed in so many forms. One is not only revived or renewed from an unconscious state, but as one will see from the variety of pictures, life in any form is being renewed. For example, I have seen a flower blooming from a limb of the tree that is obviously dormant, or in forest-ecology terms, a snag. That scene moved my thoughts even more about how awesome life is and that I must share my findings. Therefore, we must take time out of our busy, hectic lifestyle and find the renewals of our own lives, observing the many facets of this life. By so doing, our inner souls will become renewed about this precious life we have.
Download or read book Hair Cell Regeneration Repair and Protection written by Richard J. Salvi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not male pattern baldness, but the loss of sensory hair, is a very serious topic. Sensory hair cells convert sound and motion into our sense of hearing, movement, and head position. In mammals, the loss of hair cells is irreversible. Or is it? Hair cells in other vertebrates are capable of regenerating and recovering partial or complete function. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the regeneration of sensory hair cells.
Download or read book The Mechanosensory Lateral Line written by Sheryl Coombs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the published proceedings of an international conference on the Neurobiology and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System held August 31 to September 4, 1987, at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research at the University of Bielefeld, West Germany. The goal of this confer ence was to bring together researchers from all over the world to share informa tion about a major aquatic sensory system, the evolution and function of which have largely remained an enigma since the 18th century. The "lateral line" or "lateralis" system has been used as an umbrella term to describe what originally (without the aid of modern anatomical techniques) looked like a series of pits, grooves, and lines on the head and trunk of fishes and some amphibians. For at least the past 30 years, however, it has been recognized that the lateralis system comprises not one, but at least two functional classes of receptors: mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors. The relative ease with which the appropriate stimulus could be defined and measured for the electroreceptive class has resulted in an explosion of information on this submodality during the past 20 years. As a result, there is little ambiguity about the overall function of the electrosensory system, now generally regarded as an independent system in its own right. A similarly clear definition for the function of the mechanosensory lateralis system has not been as forthcoming.
Download or read book Regeneration of Vertebrate Sensory Receptor Cells written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international group of leading investigators discuss recent progress of sensory structures in lower and higher vertebrates. Experts in two relevant fields--the cell cycle and mitogenic growth factors--present insightful contributions in the search for precursors and/or stem cells in each sense organ plus the signals which regulate those precursors' differentiation both in normal development and regeneration.
Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Download or read book Hearing Loss Mechanisms Prevention and Cure written by Huawei Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically discusses the pathogenesis, prevention, and the current and potential clinical treatment of hearing loss, as well as the latest advances in hearing research. Hearing loss is a prevalent sensory disorder, which according to a 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) report affected 9% of the global population in 2015. As populations continue to age, more and more people are suffering from the condition, with 60% of those aged between 65 and 75 affected. Hearing loss seriously affects patients’ ability to work ability and quality of life, and as such deafness has become an increasingly urgent social problem around the globe. Sensorineural hearing loss is mainly caused by damage to the hair cells (HCs), and the subsequent loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Damage to the HCs in the inner ear can result from exposure to loud noises and environmental and chemical toxins as well as genetic disorders, aging, and certain medications. This book provides ENT specialists and researchers, as well as individuals affected a comprehensive introduction to the field of hearing loss.
Download or read book Developmental Physiological and Functional Neurobiology of the Inner Ear written by Andrew K. Groves and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the latest techniques in inner ear development, analysis of its sensory cells, and characterization and manipulation of the central auditory and vestibular pathways. The chapters in this book cover topics such as dissection and imaging of the cochlea; behavioral evaluation of animal models of diseases like tinnitus; hair cell function and regeneration; and recent advances in sequencing technology. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Developmental, Physiological, and Function Neurobiology of the Inner Ear is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers interested in learning more about this developing field.
Download or read book A Signaling Pathway Mediating Aminoglycoside induced Sensory Hair Cell Death written by Jonathan Isamu Matsui and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lateral Line System written by Sheryl Coombs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lateral Line System provides an overview of the key concepts and issues surrounding the development, evolution, neurobiology, and function of the lateral line, a fascinating yet somewhat enigmatic flow-sensing system. The book examines the historical precedence for linking the auditory and lateral line systems, its structure and development, use of the lateral line system of zebrafish as a model system, physical principles governing the response properties of the lateral line, the behavioral relevance of this sensory system to the lives of fish, and an examination of how this information is shaped and encoded by the peripheral and central nervous systems. Contents The Gems of the Past: A Brief History of Lateral Line Research in the Context of the Hearing Sciences - Sheryl Coombs and Horst Bleckmann Morphological Diversity, Development, and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System - Jacqueline F. Webb The Hydrodynamic of Flow Stimuli - Matthew J. McHenry and James C. Liao The Biophysics of the Fish Lateral Line - Sietse M. van Netten and Matthew J. McHenry Sensory Ecology and Neuroethology of the Lateral Line - John Montgomery, Horst Bleckmann, and Sheryl Coombs Information Encoding and Processing by the Peripheral Lateral Line System - Boris Philippe Chagnaud and Sheryl Coombs The Central Nervous Organization of the Lateral Line System - Mario F. Wullimann and Benedikt Grothe Central Processing of Lateral Line Information - Horst Bleckmann and Joachim Mogdans Functional Overlap and Nonoverlap Between Lateral Line and Auditory Systems - Christopher B. Braun and Olav Sand The Hearing Loss, Protection, and Regeneration in the Larval Zebrafish Lateral Line - Allison B. Coffin, Heather Brignull, David W. Raible, and Edwin W Rubel
