Download or read book Sensitivity of permafrost to climate warming in Canada written by and published by Natural Resources Canada. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sensitivity of Permafrost to Climate Warming in Canada written by Sharon Lee Smith and published by Geological Survey. This book was released on 2004 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Permafrost and Climatic Change written by Eduard A. Koster and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sensitivity of Mountain Permafrost to Climate Change Scenarios written by Karl Martin Scherler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interactions Between the Cryosphere Climate and Greenhouse Gases written by Martyn Tranter and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change Permafrost and Impacts on Civil Infrastructure written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Snow and Ice Related Hazards Risks and Disasters written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters provides you with the latest scientific developments in glacier surges and melting, ice shelf collapses, paleo-climate reconstruction, sea level rise, climate change implications, causality, impacts, preparedness, and mitigation. It takes a geo-scientific approach to the topic while also covering current thinking about directly related social scientific issues that can adversely affect ecosystems and global economies. Puts the contributions from expert oceanographers, geologists, geophysicists, environmental scientists, and climatologists selected by a world-renowned editorial board in your hands Presents the latest research on causality, glacial surges, ice-shelf collapses, sea level rise, climate change implications, and more Numerous tables, maps, diagrams, illustrations and photographs of hazardous processes will be included Features new insights into the implications of climate change on increased melting, collapsing, flooding, methane emissions, and sea level rise
Download or read book Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies written by A Cerda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been published a decade after Fires Effects on Ecosystems by DeBano, Neary, and Folliott (1998), and builds on their foundation to update knowledge on natural post-fire processes and describe the use and effectiveness of various restoration strategies that may be applied when human intervention is warranted. The chapters in this book,
Download or read book Evaluating Thermal Regime of Cold Region Roads for Climate Change Adaptation written by Michelle Liu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly a quarter of the Northern Hemisphere is underlain with permafrost, of which discontinuous permafrost is most sensitive to the temperature of its surrounding. Climate change and the implementation of infrastructure have combined effects on the thermal regime of permafrost, leading to thaw settlement that can be detrimental to structures. In Northern Canada and Alaska, permafrost degradation is leading to unprecedented spending on maintenance and rehabilitation of linear infrastructure. Although a number of permafrost protection techniques for road structures have emerged in recent decades, their costs remain high and rate of implementation remains low. This predicament can be attributed to the lack of studies that compare the feasibility and performance of these techniques. There is also only a low number of field studies that examine the in situ thermal regime of permafrost influenced by both climate change and infrastructure, which further contributes to the uncertainty surrounding many of the permafrost protection techniques. In light of these gaps, this study conducted a literature scan for qualitative feasibility comparison of existing permafrost protection techniques, simulated the performance of select techniques in TEMPS for comparison, and examined the in situ thermal regime through a field study along the Ingraham Trail (NWT Highway 4) in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Based on existing literature, reflective surfaces, shading, ventilation pipes, thermosyphons, air convection, geosynthetics, pre-thawing, and heat-dissipating structures and materials are deemed suitable for high-temperature (discontinuous) permafrost, while embankment insulation was deemed suitable for low-temperature (continuous) permafrost. Most heat-dissipating pavement structures, like unilateral heat transfer pavement, may be suitable for both high- and low-temperature permafrost, though further studies are required. It was concluded from this review that most permafrost protection techniques available at the moment are designed for high-temperature, discontinuous permafrost. This is as expected since discontinuous permafrost has the highest risk of degradation in light of climate change and anthropogenic effects. In order to simulate the performance of alternative thermosyphon fluids (lithium, potassium, and sodium) and insulative materials (XPS, FGA, and LWCA), a baseline pavement design was adapted from previous literature and verified using PAVEXpress against traffic loading. The structure was then transferred to TEMPS with each thermosyphon fluid of interest inserted into the pavement 80 mm below the driving surface and each insulative material just above the subgrade. Temperatures at specified depths with permafrost protection techniques were calculated by TEMPS and compared to control. A chi-squared test was performed to verify that the difference in results is statistically significant. It was found that the three alkali metals did not make a statistically significant difference to the subgrade temperature compared to control. However, in terms of embankment insulation material, extruded polystyrene (XPS) was found to have the best quantitative performance throughout the year except for about a 1.5-month period during spring thaw when foam-glass aggregates (FGA) have slightly better performance. This indicates that XPS, of the three materials, should be selected for general application, while FGA can be used in areas especially sensitive to spring thaw. The installation of 10 thermistor strings along the Ingraham Trail allowed for 8.5 months of road temperature data in asphalt, chipseal, and gravel surfaces to be collected down to a depth of 0.3 m. Each thermistor string is made up of one GeoPrecision data logger and two GeoPrecision temperature sensors. This model of thermistor strings was selected due to its popularity, reliability, and relatively reasonable cost. Prior to being installed, each string was tethered to a hardwood dowel using 4 to 5 nylon cable ties to provide rigidity to the assembly. Installation took place in January 2019 over 5 days. Data collected from January 21st, 2019 to October 3rd, 2019 were used in this study. In examining average road and air temperatures, asphalt was found to be warmest in temperature, as expected, from March to October (with no data available for November and December). It was however surpassed by gravel between January and February, likely due to the combined effects of climate warming and thermal regime disturbance by the road itself. Chipseal has the highest positive heat balance by surface material type along the Ingraham Trail, meaning it absorbed the most amount of heat, which is different from the expectation that asphalt would be the most heat-absorbent. This indicates the importance of field investigations and is a sign that combined effects of climate change and manmade structures are at play. Chipseal displayed the most positive heat index by month in April and May. It is however slightly surpassed by control in June, July and August. Again, this unusual finding indicates the importance of field investigations and is a sign that combined effects of climate change and manmade structures on permafrost cannot easily be studied otherwise. When examined by time of day, there is nearly no change in heat balance when heat is being extracted (i.e. during winter months) compared to when heat is being induced (i.e. during summer months). When heat is being induced, the greatest fluctuation in heat balance is observed in asphalt. This indicates an increased thermal disturbance to the pavement and subgrade when exterior temperature is high, which will become increasingly frequent with climate change. Examining heat balance against thermal gradient allowed regression equations to be developed for each of the three surface material types, each with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.999. This can be used to predicting extent of thermal disturbance to permafrost subgrade beneath the road embankment when temperatures at two depths are known. Overall, these data demonstrate the importance of field investigations and are a sign that the combined effects of climate change and manmade structures on permafrost cannot easily be studied otherwise. Recommendations for future work include a systemic literature review to qualitatively identify, compare, and contrast the functions, efficiency, constructability, design requirements, and precedents (if any) of existing permafrost protection techniques. With this, a more accurate quantitative performance evaluation of existing permafrost protection techniques can be conducted so that costs can be more easily justified by jurisdictions wishing to implement a technique. Data along the Ingraham Trail should continue to be collected and downloaded for longitudinal analysis of road and air temperatures as well as heat balance; and the same analyses conducted in this study should be repeated when one full year of data becomes available to verify trends discussed.
Download or read book Thawing Permafrost written by J. van Huissteden and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.
Download or read book Permafrost North American Contribution to The Second International Conference written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1973-01-01 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cryosols written by John Kimble and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-05-12 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryosols – permafrost – occupy a unique part of the earth and have properties greatly different from other soils. They also occur where the greatest impact of global warming is predicted. This is the first book bring together the leading researchers in the area of permafrost soils to produce a review of the geography, cryogenic soil forming processes, ecological processes, classification and use of soils that are affected by permafrost.
Download or read book Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Scientific Report written by Arctic Climate Impact Assessment and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-07 with total page 1053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment was prepared by an international team of over 300 scientists, experts, and knowledgeable members of indigenous communities. The report has been thoroughly researched, is fully referenced, and provides the first comprehensive evaluation of arctic climate change, changes in ultraviolet radiation and their impacts for the region and for the world. It is illustrated in full color throughout. The results provided the scientific foundations for the ACIA synthesis report - Impacts of a Warming Arctic - published by Cambridge University Press in 2004.
Download or read book Climate Change Geoscience in Sub Arctic Canada written by Stephen Andrew Wolfe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Air temperatures in northern Canada are rising at a rate of three to four times that of the global average. This warming, and its consequences on the environment and people of the North, is of significant concern. This is particularly true for sub-Arctic Canada, which is located within a sensitive boundary between seasonally and perennially frozen ground (known as permafrost). Natural Resources Canada addresses priority geoscience issues important to Canadians. The Climate Change Geoscience Program, in partnership with other agencies, applies knowledge, techniques, and innovations to issues of climate change impacts and adaptations. This series of information pages describes the application of our geoscience expertise and its impact on addressing climate change and adaptation in sub-Arctic Canada. These pages cover the issues of surficial geology, permafrost distribution and change, ground temperatures, ice-rich terrain and thermokarst, winter roads, and change detection. A list of publications pertinent to the research activities presented in the information pages is provided at the end of this document"--Abstract, p. vi.
Download or read book Modeling Permafrost Stability in Peatlands with Climate Change and Disturbance written by Claire Treat and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boreal and arctic regions are predicted to warm faster and more severely than temperate latitudes. They contain large stocks of below-ground soil carbon in peatlands and frozen soil, and the flux of the soil C to the atmosphere may be a strong feedback to climate change. I compared the effects of climate change and wildfire on permafrost in peatlands using a soil thermal model. The model simulates soil temperatures and active layer thickness. I evaluated the model at a sedge-dominated Canadian arctic fen. I estimated the sensitivity of permafrost to current temperatures, future temperature projections, and wildfire. Increases in air temperature due to climate change will increase surface soil temperatures, soil temperatures at depth, active layer depths, and growing season length, but not degrade permafrost by 2100 at this site. Both wildfire and climate change increase active layer depths by 25 cm, but effects of wildfire diminish following vegetation recovery.
Download or read book Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology written by F Stuart Chapin III and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features review questions at the end of each chapter; Includes suggestions for recommended reading; Provides a glossary of ecological terms; Has a wide audience as a textbook for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and as a reference for practicing scientists from a wide array of disciplines
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variability in Permafrost Conditions Northern Canada written by Jennifer Throop and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
