Download or read book Self employment Selection and Earnings Over the Life Cycle written by David S. Evans and published by . This book was released on 1989* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The State of Small Business written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Aging written by Mikaela Backman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many developed countries are facing a demographic change with an increasing share of older individuals, yet little is known about how older workers will impact regional and national economies in terms of labor market dynamics. This Handbook deals with the important and emerging field of entrepreneurship among this group and focuses on the behavioral perspectives of this phenomenon; on innovation, dynamics and performance; and the ways entrepreneurship among the elderly looks within different countries.
Download or read book The Economics of Small Firms written by Stephen Ackermann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Causes and Consequences of Self Employment Over the Life Cycle written by John Eric Humphries and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses population panel data from Sweden to investigate the causes and consequences of self-employment over the life cycle, and to evaluate how self-employment decisions can be influenced by policy. In the first part of the paper, I use machine learning methods to summarize the patterns of self-employment behavior observed in the data. I find that careers involving self-employment fit into a small number of economically distinct groups. Some self-employment spells are short, with minimal capital investment and rapid return to paid employment, while others persist and have substantial capital devoted to the business from the outset. Guided by these descriptive results, I develop and estimate a dynamic Roy model in which self-employment decisions depend on factors such as cognitive and non-cognitive skills, prior work experience, the cost of capital, and other labor market opportunities. The model integrates traditional models of dynamic career choice that feature human capital investment and models of business start-up that feature physical capital investment. I estimate the model and use it to evaluate policies designed to promote self-employment. Cognitive and non-cognitive skills, education, and prior work experience are important determinants of the types of businesses individuals start, how much capital they employ, and how long they remain in self-employment. Subsidies that incentivize self-employment are generally ineffective, both in terms of promoting long-lasting firms and in terms of improving the welfare and earnings of those induced to enter self-employment.
Download or read book Catalog of Completed Research Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial and Labor Economics written by Saibal Kar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to capture and analyze several idiosyncratic features of industry and labor in the developing world. Available books and graduate-level texts in labor economics largely discuss industrial and labor market situations prevalent in developed countries, where well-defined institutional arrangements and regulations create a very different scope of analysis. The patterns of choice in training and contracts in the labor market more apparent in developing and transition countries are discussed, as are the information-theoretic results. The book also critically examines labor migration, a context in which the developing and transition countries represent large sources in the present global order. A broad base of empirical observations from industries is used to develop analytical conjectures on risk-sharing arrangements between workers and employers, while strong intuitive explanations are combined with relevant mathematical and graphical derivations, ensuring the book’s readability among graduate students pursuing courses in labor economics and industrial economics for developing and transition countries. The book may also serve as a valuable reference guide for all students in advanced human resources courses at management schools. Presenting state-of-the art research findings in all of its chapters, the book discusses numerous institutional peculiarities of the developing world, making the results distinct in view of the general scope of labor economics.
Download or read book Self employment Dynamics and the Returns to Entrepreneurship written by Eleanor W. Dillon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small business owners and others in self-employment have the option to transition to paid work. If there is initial uncertainty about earnings in entrepreneurship, this option increases the expected lifetime value of entering self-employment relative to expected pay in a single year. This paper first documents that moves between paid work and self-employment are common and consistent with experimentation to learn about entrepreneurial earnings. This pattern motivates estimating the expected returns to entering self-employment within a dynamic life-cycle model that allows for non-random selection in and out of self-employment and gradual learning about the entrepreneurial earnings process. The model accurately fits entry patterns into self-employment by age, with returns to entrepreneurship varying over the lifecycle. The pre-tax lifetime value of self-employment is positive at the median. The option to return to paid work is large enough to reverse the result from cross-sectional studies that the median man expects to earn significantly less from self-employment. However, after accounting for progressive taxation and the additional employer portion of the payroll tax assessed on the self-employed, the median lifetime after-tax earnings gap between self-employment and paid work is approximately zero.
Download or read book The Small Business Advocate written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-05 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment Or Self Employment written by Moren Levesque and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although self-employed individuals represent an important section of the U.S. labor force, the scholarship on careers focuses primarily on job mobility patterns within and across established firms, neglecting the aspect of self-employment. A dynamic utility-maximizing model of career choice between self-employment and employment is offered. The model builds on previous economic models proposing that jobs differ in income, work required, risk involved, and independence allowed. Research on life cycle and career stage models has suggested that as people age, their attitudes change. Changing attitudes toward income, work, risk, and independence, as well as changing abilities to complete tasks, also influence career choices. A dynamic model of career choice considering these changes is provided.Five optimal career paths are proposed depending on: the individuals' initial utility for self-employment over employment; initial utility associated with the perceived maximum difference in income between self-employment and employment; marginal reduction in utility for self-employment over employment from aging; and final utility for self-employment over employment. The model provides a tool to analyze the possibility of individuals switching between employment and self-employment as they age and suggests under what conditions this might occur. (CBS).
Download or read book Boomer Bust written by Robert B. Hudson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-11-03 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventy-six million Baby Boomers are careening toward retirement in the United States. Demographic shifts toward aging populations are taking place around the Western world, as a variety of factors—biological, technological, medical, and sociocultural—are extending life spans. Meanwhile, birth rates are declining. The scaremongers argue that this generational shift is going to be disastrous: It will result in skyrocketing tax rates, lower retirement and health benefits, higher inflation, increased unemployment and poverty, political instability, and a host of other societal ills. But will it? In Boomer Bust?, Robert Hudson assembles leading authors from fields such as economics, political science, and finance to separate fact from fiction, highlight the terms of debate, and showcase innovative policies that will prevent disaster from occurring. From topics like Social Security to older people rejoining the workforce to the elderly as a political lobby, this two-volume set covers the gamut of economic, political, financial, and business issues related to aging. The Boomer generation will leave one of the largest footprints the world has yet seen. In retirement, as in all else, this generation is blazing a path affecting succeeding generations profoundly. Boomer Bust? charts a path through the thicket of personal and public policy choices facing not just Baby Boomers but all of society.
Download or read book The Foundations of Entrepreneurship written by Scott Shane and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Self employed in the United States written by Joseph Dexter Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Self Employment for Low Income People written by Steven Balkin and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1989-09-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, Balkin examines whether low-income people should be encouraged to engage in self-employment as a route for economic improvement. The author has gathered ideas and material from a diverse literature and experience base to provide practical suggestions for those who operate self-employment programs, fund self-employment programs, consider policy concerning self-employment, and look for alternative strategies to alleviate poverty, create jobs, and improve economic development. Among the questions Balkin explores are the reasons self-employment is a significant and successful alternative in some ethnic groups but has not been in others, why it is successful in those groups, and whether and how it could become a viable option. Balkin examines the various studies of groups in the U.S. such as the Amish, the Gypsies, and the Koreans, who have tended toward self-employment, using it as a successful mode of economic activity. He explores the cultural backgrounds, forces, and networks that contributed to their success in order to identify the factors most likely to predict the effectiveness of future self-employment efforts and programs. He also analyzes low-income groups where self-employment is relatively rare, suggesting policies and approaches which might be taken to encourage successful self-employment among these groups. Balkin looks at programs in the United States, Europe, and the Third World, which have assisted the self-employed and recommends ways in which policies might be implemented to help U.S. low-income workers undertake successful self-employment. Finally, estimates of the job creation potential for self-employment programs are provided along with a discussion about the importance of evaluation.
Download or read book Self Employment written by Robert L. Aronson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
