Download or read book The Shadow Economy written by Friedrich Schneider and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.

Download or read book Record of Proceedings written by and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1991 with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Informality Trends and Cycles written by Norman Loayza and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the trends and cycles of informal employment. It first presents a theoretical model where the size of informal employment is determined by the relative costs and benefits of informality and the distribution of workers' skills. In the long run, informal employment varies with the trends in these variables, and in the short run it reacts to accommodate transient shocks and to close the gap that separates it from its trend level. The paper then uses an error-correction framework to examine empirically informality's long- and short-run relationships. For this purpose, it uses country-level data at annual frequency for a sample of industrial and developing countries, with the share of self-employment in the labor force as the proxy for informal employment. The paper finds that, in the long run, informality is larger in countries that have lower GDP per capita and impose more costs to formal firms in the form of more rigid business regulations, less valuable police and judicial services, and weaker monitoring of informality. In the short run, informal employment is found to be counter-cyclical for the majority of countries, with the degree of counter-cyclicality being lower in countries with larger informal employment and better police and judicial services. Moreover, informal employment follows a stable, trend-reverting process. These results are robust to changes in the sample and to the influence of outliers, even when only developing countries are considered in the analysis.

Download or read book Decent Work and the Informal Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the informal economy and highlights its decent work deficit. Proposes an integrated strategy to address underlying causes of informality and to promote decent work in all sectors of the economy, from formal to informal.

Download or read book Self Employment written by Robert L. Aronson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Restructuring of Industrial Economies and Trade with Developing Countries written by Santosh Mukherjee and published by Concept Publishing Company. This book was released on 1978 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ILO pub-WEP pub. Conference paper analysing repercussions of trade with developing countries on employment in developed countries in Western Europe - covers unemployment rate and labour mobility increase caused by the import of industrial products, trade volume, and protectionist measures, and considers national level programmes of adjustment assistance restructuring for industrial policy in Australia, USA, Canada, Norway and Netherlands. Bibliography, references and statistical tables.

Download or read book Unemployment and Labour Market Flexibility written by Loretta De Luca and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1993 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italy's traditionally high unemployment has often been linked to the supposed rigidity of the labour market. In fact, the situation resembles a leopard skin, where competitive, dynamic activities coexist with protected, inefficient sectors.

Download or read book ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE EVOLUTION written by LIU WEI and published by American Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Economic Growth and Industrial Structure Evolution: China’s Experience since the Beginning of Reform and Opening-up discusses the connection and quantitative relationship between the economic aggregate and industrial structure and is to explore the impact of the institutional reform and government’s macro decision on China’s economic growth and industrial structure evolution through the analysis of the industrial structure changes during the process of China’s economic growth and reform over the past 30 years. This book is collected by the National Achievements Library of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China in 2015. This study is divided into seven chapters, respectively, "the judgements for economic growth level and development stage", "new changes, new imbalances, and new policies under the new normal", "the overall imbalances and macro-control of economic growth", "the upgrading of industrial structure in economic growth", "the upgrading of industrial structure and growth efficiency", "the imbalances of industrial structure and distortions of primary income distribution", and "the upgrading of industrial structure, adjustment of economic structure, and the supply-side reform".

Download or read book The Long Shadow of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

Download or read book Labour Information written by International Labour Office and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1991 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book provides a core list of publications in the labour field covering both reference materials and selected ILO publications in English. It covers employment training, labour relations, labour administration, working conditions and environment, social security, promotion of equality and workers' education.

Download or read book Hungary Towards a Market Economy written by László Halpern and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-09-17 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive assessment of the Hungarian economy, first published in 1998.

Download or read book World Development Report 2013 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jobs provide higher earnings and better benefits as countries grow, but they are also a driver of development. Poverty falls as people work their way out of hardship and as jobs empowering women lead to greater investments in children. Efficiency increases as workers get better at what they do, as more productive jobs appear, and less productive ones disappear. Societies flourish as jobs bring together people from different ethnic and social backgrounds and provide alternatives to conflict. Jobs are thus more than a byproduct of economic growth. They are transformational —they are what we earn, what we do, and even who we are. High unemployment and unmet job expectations among youth are the most immediate concerns. But in many developing countries, where farming and self-employment are prevalent and safety nets are modest are best, unemployment rates can be low. In these countries, growth is seldom jobless. Most of their poor work long hours but simply cannot make ends meet. And the violation of basic rights is not uncommon. Therefore, the number of jobs is not all that matters: jobs with high development payoffs are needed. Confronted with these challenges, policy makers ask difficult questions. Should countries build their development strategies around growth, or should they focus on jobs? Can entrepreneurship be fostered, especially among the many microenterprises in developing countries, or are entrepreneurs born? Are greater investments in education and training a prerequisite for employability, or can skills be built through jobs? In times of major crises and structural shifts, should jobs, not just workers, be protected? And is there a risk that policies supporting job creation in one country will come at the expense of jobs in other countries? The World Development Report 2013: Jobs offers answers to these and other difficult questions by looking at jobs as drivers of development—not as derived labor demand—and by considering all types of jobs—not just formal wage employment. The Report provides a framework that cuts across sectors and shows that the best policy responses vary across countries, depending on their levels of development, endowments, demography, and institutions. Policy fundamentals matter in all cases, as they enable a vibrant private sector, the source of most jobs in the world. Labor policies can help as well, even if they are less critical than is often assumed. Development policies, from making smallholder farming viable to fostering functional cities to engaging in global markets, hold the key to success.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship SBPD Publications written by Sanjay Gupta and published by SBPD Publications. This book was released on 2021-10-09 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Entrepreneurship—Meaning, Concept and Forms, 2. Entrepreneurship—Meaning, Theories and Role of Socio- Economic Environment, 3. Meaning and Definition of Leadership, 4. Promotion of a Venture and Opportunity Analysis, 5. External Environment Analysis, 6. Concept of a Project and Legal Requirements for Establishing a New Unit, 7. Sources of Raising Funds, 8. Venture Capital, 9. Entrepreneurial Behaviour : Meaning and Concept, 10. Innovation and Entrepreneur, 11. Entrepreneur Development Programmes, 12. Critical Evaluation of Entrepreneur Development Programmes, 13. Role of Entrepreneur in Economic Growth as an Innovator and in Generation of Employment Opportunities, 14. Role of Entrepreneur in Balanced Economic Development, 15. Export Promotion and Import Substitution, 16. Augmenting and Meeting Local Demand and Forex Earnings, 17. Small Scale Industry : Role and Performance.

Download or read book Micro finance in Industrialized Countries written by International Labour Office and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines self employment schemes in seven OECD countries and looks at how microfinance can help bridge the credit gap. Presents the results of 45 surveys carried out in 1999 and 2000.

Download or read book Globalization and Informal Jobs in Developing Countries written by Marc Bacchetta and published by World Trade Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World trade has expanded significantly in recent years, making a major contribution to global growth. Economic growth has not led to a corresponding improvement in working conditions and living standards for many workers. In developing countries, job creation has largely taken place in the informal economy, where around 60 per cent of workers are employed. Most of the workers in the informal economy have almost no job security, low incomes and no social protection, with limited opportunities to benefit from globalization. This study focuses on the relationship between trade And The growth of the informal economy in developing countries. Based on existing academic literature, complemented with new empirical research by the ILO And The WTO, The study discusses how trade reform affects different aspects of the informal economy. it also examines how high rates of informal employment diminish the scope for developing countries to translate trade openness into sustainable long-term growth. The report analyses how well-designed trade and decent-work friendly policies can complement each other so as to promote sustainable development and growing prosperity in developing countries.

Download or read book Skilling Up Vietnam written by Christian Bodewig and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-07-02 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for workforce skills is changing in Vietnam’s dynamic economy. In addition to job-specific skills, Vietnamese employers value cognitive skills, like problem solving, and behavioral skills, like team work. This book presents an agenda of change for Vietnam’s education system to prepare workers to succeed in Vietnam’s modernizing economy.

Download or read book Entrepreneurship Class 11 written by Dr. S. K. Singh & and published by SBPD Publications . This book was released on 2024-05-21 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UNIT : I Entrepreneurship and Human Activities 1. Entrepreneur-Meaning, Concept and Forms 2. Entrepreneurship : Meaning, Concept and Role of Socio-Economic Environment 3. Entrepreneurial Development Programmes 4. Critical Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Development Programme 5. Role of Entrepreneur-In Economic Development as an Innovator and in Generation of Employment Opportunities 6. Role of Entrepreneur-In Balanced Economic Development 7. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India 8. Entrepreneurial Pursuits and Human Activities-Economic and Non-economic 9. Innovation and Entrepreneur UNIT : II Acquiring Entrepreneurial Values and Motivation 10. Business Ethics and Acquiring Entrepreneurial Values, Attitudes and Motivation 11. Developing Entrepreneurial Motivation-Concept and Process 12. Business Risk-taking Management 13. Leadership-Meaning and Importance 14. Communication-Importance, Barriers and Principles 15. Planning-Meaning and Importance 16. Barriers to Entrepreneurship 17. Help and Support to Entrepreneur UNIT : III Introduction to Market Dynamics 18. Understanding A Market 19. Competitive Analysis of the Market 20. Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights PRACTICAL 21. Project Work 22. Project Planning 23. Project Report-General Model 24. Case Study 25. Project Analysis Viva-Voce Questions Value Based Questions (VBQ) Latest Model Paper (with OMR Sheet) Board Examination Paper (with OMR Sheet)