Download or read book Seismic Design of Lateral Resisting Cold formed Steel Framed CFS Structures written by Iman Shamim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Seismic design provisions for wood sheathed / cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls and CFS strap braced walls are available in the AISI S213-07 Standard. However, the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), as well as the CSA S136 and the AISI S213 Standards, at present, do not address the seismic design of steel sheathed / CFS framed shear walls for use in Canada. The existing design guidelines for CFS framed shear walls are based on data obtained from static tests carried out under both monotonic and reversed cyclic loading protocols. The objective of this research was to develop seismic design provisions for the CFS framed shear walls forming part of the seismic force resisting system of a building, with the intent to recommend that they be included in the NBCC and AISI S213. The approach involved shake table testing of single- and double-storey CFS framed steel and wood sheathed shear walls, numerical modeling of the tested shear walls, and, lastly, non-linear time history dynamic analyses of building archetypes following the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P695 methodology. Overall, seven wood sheathed and ten steel sheathed CFS framed shear walls were tested on the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal structural laboratory shake table. The wall specimens were full-scale single- and double-storey walls and, most, were constructed with the blocking in the CFS frame. A wood sheathed shear wall was tested with a gypsum panel on one side of the specimen in order to investigate the effects of non-structural components. The dynamic test program included impact tests, harmonic forced vibration tests, and ground motion tests representative of the seismic hazard in Quebec and Vancouver, Canada. The seismic performance of the dynamically tested shear walls, i.e. force vs. displacement hysteretic behaviour and failure modes, was primarily similar to the static tests. Inclusion of the blocking increased the shear strength of the tested shear walls by almost 50%. OpenSees software was used for the numerical modelling of the dynamically tested walls. The inelastic behaviour of the shear walls was replicated by using the Pinching04 material; additional zerolength spring elements were included in the model to represent frame stiffness, anchor rod stiffness and the CFS framing. The wall models were calibrated based on the results of the dynamic tests, as well as data obtained from the calibration of previously performed static tests. Moreover, to provide experimental data to complete the model calibration procedure a series of static tests was conducted on blocked CFS bare frames and stud-to-track connections. The archetype buildings (twelve in total) were two, four and five storey office and residential buildings located in Halifax, Montreal and Vancouver, Canada. The buildings designed with Rd = 2.0 and Ro = 1.3 satisfied the FEMA P695 collapse capacity requirements. Inclusion of gypsum panel in two of the archetype buildings increased the collapse margin ratio by 20% on average." --

Download or read book Seismic Behavior of Cold Formed Steel Framed Wall Line Systems in Mid Rise Buildings written by Amanpreet Singh and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold-formed steel (CFS) framing offers many benefits to buildings in seismically active regions. Amongst the most notable CFS attributes include its low fabrication and maintenance costs, noncombustible and corrosion resistant nature, high durability and ductility. These benefits have made CFS framing a popular choice for construction of low-rise and mid-rise structures. From a seismic performance perspective, the light weight and ductility offered by a CFS-framed structure aligns with system resiliency needs in moderate to high seismic zones. Although experimental data exists documenting the performance of isolated CFS-framed shear walls, the structural lateral force resisting systems (LFRS) in CFS-framed buildings are constructed and integrally attached to non-designated systems, such as gravity walls as well as various nonstructural components. The contribution of the non-designated systems and the nonstructural components towards the response of wall-lines within the building system under high intensity earthquake shaking is not well understood. Moreover, experimental data to support code guidelines in current North American standards for design of CFS-framed shear walls, which meet the seismic demands for mid-rise buildings (>6 stories) are lacking. Indeed, the paucity of full-scale test data documenting the behavior of wall-line systems detailed for mid-rise buildings has been a barrier to bringing the potential benefits of CFS framing to the community. To address these limitations, a two-phased experimental program was undertaken in this dissertation to advance the understanding of CFS-framed steel sheet sheathed shear walls placed in-line with gravity walls. Referred to herein as "wall-lines", these test specimens were detailed to support the lateral load demands anticipated of mid-rise buildings in high seismic zones. In the first phase, wall-line assemblies were tested at full-scale on a shake table, first under a sequence of increasing amplitude (in-plane) earthquake input motions, and subsequently under slow monotonic pull conditions (for select specimens). In the second phase, wall-line assemblies were tested under quasi-static reverse cyclic displacement-controlled loading using a simulated floor-load imposed via hydraulic actuators. Steel sheet sheathed shear walls offered energy dissipation primarily through structural member-to-sheathing connections and yielding of the steel sheet. All specimens demonstrated a tension field that spread across the entirety of the steel sheet at failure. The impact of different test variables governing the structural and nonstructural detailing on the seismic performance of the CFS-framed wall-line specimens is quantified by careful systematic comparison between different configurations. Wall-line assemblies with interior and exterior finish demonstrated substantially increased strength and stiffness without any decrease in drift capacity or change in failure mode. Specimens with hold-downs offered a larger lateral strength compared to specimens with tension tie-rods. However, hold-downs reached their capacity at higher drift demands whereas tension tie-rods remained linear elastic, even though both wall-lines with the different tie-down systems were designed for same overstrength force levels. The second part of this work involved a comprehensive numerical modeling effort, using prior experimental findings, both of the wall-line experiments discussed herein as well as a previous mid-rise six-story building specimen tested at full-scale using a suite of earthquake excitations. The developed finite element model takes into consideration the major assemblies, beyond just the isolated shear walls, which influence the dynamic response of the system, such as the strength and stiffness contribution from gravity walls as well as nonstructural components such as exterior and interior finishes installed over the shear wall and gravity wall segments. In this phase, as is common in west coast practice in the United States, a continuous tie-rod system is also modeled to capture the cumulative floor displacements caused by the axial elongation in the steel rods. The effect of built-up stud packs on strength, stiffness and drift parameters of a shear wall is also considered in the nonlinear hysteretic material model of shear walls. Very good agreement between numerical predictions and available experimental seismic response data of the six-story test building demonstrates that the proposed numerical model scheme can be employed to predict the seismic response of mid-rise CFS-framed buildings. Development of such a numerical model is an essential tool for enabling performance-based seismic design of cold-formed steel structures in this rapidly growing industry.

Download or read book Advancements in the Seismic Design of Cold formed Steel Structures Through the Investigation of Diaphragm Behaviour and the Influence of Non structural Components written by Violetta Nikolaidou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recent shake table experimental work revealed that cold-formed steel (CFS) buildings exhibit excellent structural performance under high earthquake excitations; however, due to the complex nonlinear response of CFS members and their interactions, the reasons behind this performance are still unclear. Currently, in the AISI S400 North American Standard for Seismic Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Systems the seismic design of CFS framed structures is based on the lateral response of CFS framed shear walls and special moment frames, as the primary lateral load resisting elements; the contribution to the lateral stiffness of non-structural gypsum sheathing is included with limitations about its applicability while of the diaphragm component is not taken into account.An experimental diaphragm program of OSB sheathed / CFS framed diaphragm configurations was launched at McGill University. Experimental results underlined the dependency of the diaphragm's lateral response on screw spacing and size and the beneficial effect of panel edge blocking. Diaphragm configurations with non-structural components were also tested. Subsequently, a 3D numerical model of a case-study two-storey CFS building was created incorporating non-structural components. Response history dynamic analyses results revealed the addition of gypsum sheathing and gravity walls as substantially increasing the lateral resistance of the structure. Focusing on the influence of the diaphragm's flexibility on a CFS building a parametric numerical study was realized, where three diaphragm stiffness conditions were examined; flexible, semi-rigid and rigid. Response history analyses results revealed reduction of the wall-line storey drifts with increase of the diaphragm flexibility; the level of that reduction is dependent on the input ground motion. The rigid diaphragm assumption for the building, used in design, was able to capture adequately the shear wall forces; however, it overestimated the wall-line storey drift ratios of the CFS building." --

Download or read book Seismic Performance of Multi storey Structures Designed with Cold formed Steel Wood Sheathed Shear Walls written by Denise Morello and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seismic Design of Cold formed Steel Lateral Load resisting Systems written by Applied Technology Council and published by . This book was released on with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance of Centre sheathed Cold formed Steel Framed Shear Walls Phase 2 written by Jia Cheng Wu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To enter into the construction market for mid-rise buildings, e.g. 5 to 8 storeys, the cold-formed steel (CFS) industry requires a solution to address the need to resist higher seismic shear forces. The proven performance of steel-sheathed shear walls is required to compete with hot-rolled steel lateral framing shear wall systems; i.e. all-steel shear wall configurations capable of carrying lateral loads in excess of 60 kN/m (4170 lb/ft). The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) developed a design standard for cold-formed steel lateral framing systems, i.e. the AISI S400-15. This standard contains design information for shear walls with shear resistance values up to 30 kN/m (2085 lb/ft). Various solutions exist to increase the shear resistance of a CFS framed shear wall to a level appropriate for mid-rise buildings. For example, in shear walls with sheathing placed on both sides of the wall, torsional loading on the framing members was avoided, and hence the shear resistance was significantly increased. However, the ductility of the walls was not improved compared to previously run tests due to the sheathing pulling over the screw fasteners.A configuration in which the sheathing is placed at the mid-line of the framing, denoted the “centre-sheathed” shear wall, was recently developed through a laboratory test program. These walls were configured to centrally confine the sheathing within the framing, which resulted in the removal of torsional forces on the chord studs and provided for a substantial increase in both shear resistance and ductility in comparison with walls having external sheathing on both sides. The initial test walls proved to have higher shear resistance, i.e. over four times that currently found in the AISI S400-15, and could maintain this resistance to drifts exceeding 6%. However, the high shear forces posed difficulties in designing the perimeter framing members and attachments to the foundation given that the structure is composed of CFS with a maximum thickness of 2.5 mm. This second laboratory-based study was conducted to configure centre-sheathed walls to attain intermediate shear resistances but maintain the ability to carry load at high drift levels. In addition, tests were carried out on the bare frame structure to identify the added shear capacity provided by the specially detailed CFS perimeter frame. Further, connection tests were completed to address the need to develop bearing design equations for the double shear 3-ply screw connections that connect the sheathing to the frame, which is not currently addressed in any design standard on cold-formed steel"--

Download or read book Seismic Performance Assessment of Multi Storey Buildings with Cold Formed Steel Shear Wall Systems written by Joel Martinez Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seismic Evaluation of a 2 story Cold formed Steel Framed Building Using ASCE 41 17 written by Matthew S. Speicher and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to assess the adequacy of new provisions in ASCE 41 for seismic assessment of cold-formed steel framed buildings. A two-story cold-formed steel (CFS) framed building that has been designed to contemporary seismic standards (ASCE 7 and AISI S400) and tested on a shake table was selected as the archetype building for this study. Shake table tests of the CFS-framed building indicated only minimal damage at earthquake levels exceeding the ASCE 7 maximum considered earthquake. Further, previously conducted incremental dynamic analyses of the CFS-framed building indicated the ASCE 7 design led to acceptable collapse margin ratios, which equates to acceptable performance. Assessment of the selected CFS-framed building is performed per the linear procedure in ASCE 41. A retrofit design, and a new design, for the same CFS-framed building are also completed per ASCE 41. The ASCE 41 assessment indicates that the building is inadequate, despite the known good performance in experimental shaking and complementary nonlinear time history analyses. The ASCE 41 retrofit requires nearly a doubling in the strength of the shear walls and the remaining elements of the seismic force resisting system. It is shown that ASCE 41 s predicted demands for short period buildings, and its lack of a simple means to account for large system overstrength, are the two primary contributors to the overly-conservative predictions from the ASCE 41 provisions. These findings are intended to be used to improve future versions of ASCE 41, with a focus on CFS-framed building provisions.

Download or read book Influence of Gypsum Panels on the Response of Cold formed Steel Framed Shear Walls written by Sophie Lu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gypsum panels can be used as structural elements in cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls to resist in-plane lateral loads. More commonly, however, gypsum panels are specified to solely provide sound-proofing and fire resistance, and hence are not accounted for in the structural design. Research has shown that gypsum-sheathed walls can provide in-plane lateral resistance and stiffness regardless of whether the gypsum is intended to act as a structural or non-structural component. On the one hand, the additional lateral resistance provided by the gypsum can be beneficial since a more economical design can be achieved. On the other hand, if the gypsum panels are not taken into account in the design, the additional stiffness provided by the gypsum may lead to increased seismic loads on the building. Moreover, in the current AISI S213 and S400 North American Standards for the seismic design of CFS framed structures the design must follow a capacity-based approach in which the resistance of all the members in the lateral load carrying path is greater than the probable resistance of the fuse element(s) combined with the gravity loads. Thus, the unaccounted lateral resistance provided by the gypsum panels can increase the resistance of the fuse element(s) and lead to an unexpected and possibly non-ductile failure in the other members of the lateral load carrying path. In the AISI S213 and S400 Standards, values for the nominal resistance and overstrength factor of wood, steel and gypsum sheathed shear walls are given, but have a limited range of application (e.g. 12.5 mm thick gypsum). No recommendations are provided to take into account the influence of gypsum in strap-braced walls, or the effect on probable capacity forces. The first objective of this thesis is to conduct a test program in order to obtain design values with respect to the nominal and maximum in-plane shear resistances, as well as the stiffness, of 1-hour and 2-hour fire resistance rated gypsum-sheathed strap-braced shear walls, gypsum-sheathed shear walls and gypsum-sheathed gravity-carrying walls. The second objective is to create a numerical model representing the behaviour of the tested gypsum-sheathed walls. A total of 35 2.44 m x 1.22 m walls were sheathed with different configurations of 15.9 mm-thick gypsum panels and then tested under in-plane lateral loading. Nominal values to be used in the design of gypsum-sheathed walls were found as well as methods to predict the probable resistance of gypsum-sheathed walls for capacity-based design. Numerical models of the walls were obtained with OpenSees and can be used to incorporate the effect of gypsum panels on walls in a full building model." --

Download or read book Development of Seismic Design Provisions for Steel Sheathed Shear Walls written by Nisreen Balh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas written by Federico Mazzolani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas is a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of seismic resistant steel structures. It comprises a collection of papers presented at the seventh International Specialty Conference STESSA 2012 (Santiago, Chile, 9-11 January 2012), and includes the state-of-the-art in both theore

Download or read book Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures 2019 written by František Wald and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 1373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than forty years the series of International Colloquia on Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures has been supported by the Structural Stability Research Council (SSRC). Its objective is to present the latest results in theoretical, numerical and experimental research in the area of stability and ductility of steel and steel-concrete composite structures. In Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures 2019, the focus is on new concepts and procedures concerning the analysis and design of steel structures and on the background, development and application of rules and recommendations either appearing in recently published Codes or Specifications and in emerging versions, all in anticipation of the new edition of Eurocodes. The series of International Colloquia on Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures started in Paris in 1972, the last five being held in: Timisoara, Romania (1999), Budapest, Hungary (2002), Lisbon, Portugal (2006), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2010) and Timisoara, Romania (2016). The 2019 edition of SDSS is organized by the Czech Technical University in Prague.

Download or read book Recent Trends in Cold Formed Steel Construction written by Cheng Yu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-04 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Trends in Cold-Formed Steel Construction, Second Edition focuses on the application and use of this important construction material. In this updated edition, new chapters take on these developments, offering updates on cutting-edge new technologies and design methods for using cold-formed steel as a structural material and providing technical guidance on how to design and build sustainable and energy-efficient cold-formed steel buildings. Sections introduce codes, specifications and design methods, provide computational analysis of cold-formed steel structures, examine the structural performance of cold-formed steel buildings, and review thermal performance, acoustic performance, fire protection, floor vibrations and blast resistance. Over the last few years, there has been major breakthroughs for cold-formed steel design with modular building applications now becoming more widely accepted. Other scientific developments include research on system reliability applications, AI machine learning, and the use of high strength steel, as well as new connection methods and changes in DSM codes. - Addresses building science issues and provides performance solutions for the design of cold-formed steel buildings - Provides guidance for using next generation design methods, computational tools and technologies - Edited by an experienced researcher and educator with significant knowledge on new developments in cold-formed steel construction - Covers new developments such as modular construction, machine learning and code developments in Europe, Australia and China

Download or read book Standard for Seismic Design of Cold formed Steel Structural Systems Special Bolted Moment Frames written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas written by Federico M. Mazzolani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-07 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of seismic design and performance of steel structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 10th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA), held in Timisoara, Romania, on 25-27 May 2022. It covers a diverse range of topics such as behaviour of structural members and connections, performance of structural systems, mixed and composite structures, energy dissipation systems, self-centring and low-damage systems, assessment and retrofitting, codes and standards, light-gauge systems. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

Download or read book Standard for Seismic Design of Cold formed Steel Structural Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Fragility Curves for Cold formed Steel Light framed Structural Systems written by Alexander Grummel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: