Download or read book Le Pot pourri ou preservatif de la m lancolie written by and published by . This book was released on 1783 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sediment Analysis in Reykjafjardarall Trough Northern Iceland written by Eric B. James and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted on two sediment cores (B997-326 PC1 and PC2) taken from the Reykjafjardarall trough off the north coast of Iceland. Due to unique ocean currents and volcanism near Iceland, it is an ideal setting in which to study paleoclimate and paleoceanography. The cores were described and analyzed for carbonate, bulk density, and magnetic susceptibility (MS). They were also X-radiographed to look at sediment structure and the presence of ice rafted debris (IRD). Carbon 14 dates were used to determine core chronology, and seismic profiles were taken to determine the overall sediment structure within the trough. The basal date of one of the cores is estimated at 13,000 years and ash layers were found in one of cores that are dated at 10,300 years. PCI has three lithofacies that proceed from a sandier mud at the base, to a laminated IRD rich mud in the middle, and an unlaminated mud at the top. PC2 has a unit similar to the top of PC1 at its base and an IRD free unit at the top. PC2 is split by a marked ash layer. Carbonate is interpreted as being deposited in a time of high ocean fertility and a lack of ice cover, whereas low carbonate is assumed to be ice covered, low fertility ocean deposits. The presence of IRD indicates an ocean environment under or near ice and low IRD counts indicate a normal marine environment free of ice. The cores suggest a gradual transition from a glacial environment at the base of PC1 to an open marine environment at the top of PC2. They also indicate that the ice has been gradually retreating for at least 13,000 years with IRD decreasing and carbonate increasing. Some sediment is thought to have been lost from one of the cores because it does not reflect a gradual increase in carbonate near the top, and some ash layers are missing. This is likely due to some type of current or erosional event, possibly an earthquake, in the particular area, which is supported by the seismic profile. Timing of the advance and retreat of the ice sheets will be possible when all carbon 14 dates are available.

Download or read book Influence of the Iceland Plume on Cenozoic Sedimentation Patterns written by Stephen Marcus Jones and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book North Atlantic deep sea sedimentation of Late Quaternary tephra from the Iceland hotspot written by C. LACASSE and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Building 3 D Crustal Model with Radial Anisotropy in Iceland from Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography written by Duo Yuan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iceland is a place of great geophysical interest due to its location at a hotspot and on the Mid-North Atlantic Ridge. Despite numerous studies conducted on Iceland, there remain fundamental disagreements on such questions as whether the Icelandic crust is thin or thick, cold or hot. In addition, crustal seismic anisotropy, which can be caused by strain-induced preferred orientation of cracks, melt pockets, or crustal minerals, has not been well studied in Iceland. To improve our understanding of crustal formation and evolution of Iceland, Love wave tomography was conducted using ambient noise data recorded at the HOTSPOT experiment, which consists of 30 broadband seismic stations and operated from June of 1996 to August of 1998. Love wave phase velocity maps from 6 to 40 s were obtained. Then the phase velocities were inverted for 1D and 3D isotropic SH wave velocity in Iceland. The low velocity anomaly in shallow crust can be found along ridge and major volcanic zones which would probably be associated with partial melt that feeds the volcanoes, while low velocities is near the hotspot at deep crust, indicating melt accumulation or high temperature from the Iceland plume. Finally, the isotropic VSH model from Love wave inversion was combined with existing VSV model from previous Rayleigh wave study to establish a 3-D radial anisotropic model. In upper crust, VSV>VSH is largely found in the rifting zones, reflecting vertical alignment of cracks and melt sills. This finding suggests that horizontal flow that feeds mid-ocean ridges from the plume source is not strong in the upper crust of Iceland. In the lower crust, VSV>VSH concentrates at the current hotspot location while VSH>VSV occurs everywhere else in Iceland. This observation can be interpreted as vertical flow beneath the mantle plume and horizontal flow that transports crustal materials from the plume center to other rift zones in Iceland, suggesting that melt produced from the mantle plume is the dominant source for forming the crust of Iceland.

Download or read book Iceland written by Brennan T. Jordan and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This field trip was first run 3-14 July 2019 as a companion to the session "The Formation and Evolution of Iceland: Magmatic, Tectonic, and Geomorphological Processes" convened at the Geological Society of America 2019 Northeastern Section Meeting held in Portland, Maine, USA"--Preface

Download or read book Lower Tertiary Laterite on the Iceland Faeroe Ridge and the Thulean Land Bridge written by Tor H. Nilsen and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary of subsidence history of Iceland-Faeroe Ridge relative to early Tertiary seafloor spreading, basaltic volcanism and the development of proposed Thulean land bridge.

Download or read book Fracture Zone A Mid Atlantic Ridge 37 Deg N A Near Bottom Geophysical Study written by Robert S. Detrick and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A near-bottom geophysical survey has been made of a small transform fault, designated Fracture Zone A, located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 37N. Morphologically, Fracture Zone A is defined by a broad U-shaped valley that is widest and deepest near its intersection with the adjacent rift valleys. The walls of Fracture Zone A are structurally complex with both E-W and N-S trending scarps; however, the main trend of the transform fault valley is determined by several prominent E-W trending scarps giving the valley a graben-like appearance. While the transform fault valley itself is several kilometers in width, the actual zone of decoupling across Fracture Zone A presently occurs over a very narrow and readily identifiable zone. Structural lineations mapped within the transform fault valley generally parallel the trend of the rift valley, indicating that this crust was probably generated by normal sea-floor spreading processes.

Download or read book Overflow studies written by P. M. Saunders and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems written by Steffi Burchardt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems: Understanding Magma Transport, Storage, and Evolution in the Earth's Crust synthesizes research from various geoscience disciplines to examine volcanic and igneous plumbing systems (VIPS) in-depth. VIPS comprise a network of magma transport and storage features in the Earth's crust. These features include dykes, sills and larger magma bodies that form the pathway and supply system of magma beneath active volcanoes. Combining basic principles with world-class research and informative illustrations, this unique reference presents a holistic view of each topic covered, including magma transport, magma chambers, tectonics and volcanism. Addressing a variety of approaches to these topics, this book offers researchers and academics in the Earth Science fields, such as geophysics, volcanology and igneous petrology the information they need to apply the information to their own disciplines. - Provides an easily understandable overview of current research on volcanic and igneous plumbing systems - Includes full color illustrations to increase understanding - Covers fundamental information needed to optimize comprehension - Features a field example from world-class research in each chapter, including photographs and maps

Download or read book Bottom Trawling and Scallop Dredging in the Arctic written by Elena Guijarro Garcia and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Arctic in the Anthropocene written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead.

Download or read book Rock Quality Seismic Velocity Attenuation and Anisotropy written by Nick Barton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-03 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic measurements take many forms, and appear to have a universal role in the Earth Sciences. They are the means for most easily and economically interpreting what lies beneath the visible surface. There are huge economic rewards and losses to be made when interpreting the shallow crust or subsurface more, or less accurately, as the case may be.

Download or read book Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences written by Yasuhiro Yamada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submarine mass movements represent major offshore geohazards due to their destructive and tsunami-generation potential. This potential poses a threat to human life as well as to coastal, nearshore and offshore engineering structures. Recent examples of catastrophic submarine landslide events that affected human populations (including tsunamis) are numerous; e.g., Nice airport in 1979, Papua-New Guinea in 1998, Stromboli in 2002, Finneidfjord in 1996, and the 2006 and 2009 failures in the submarine cable network around Taiwan. The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 also generated submarine landslides that may have amplified effects of the devastating tsunami. Given that 30% of the World’s population live within 60 km of the coast, the hazard posed by submarine landslides is expected to grow as global sea level rises. This elevated awareness of the need for better understanding of submarine landslides is coupled with great advances in submarine mapping, sampling and monitoring technologies. Laboratory analogue and numerical modeling capabilities have also developed significantly of late. Multibeam sonar, 3D seismic reflection, and remote and autonomous underwater vehicle technologies provide hitherto unparalleled imagery of the geology beneath the oceans, permitting investigation of submarine landslide deposits in great detail. Increased and new access to drilling, coring, in situ measurements and monitoring devices allows for ground-thruth of geophysical data and provides access to samples for geotechnical laboratory experiments and information on in situ strength and effective stress conditions of underwater slopes susceptible to fail. Great advances in numerical simulation techniques of submarine landslide kinematics and tsunami propagation, particularly since the 2004 Sumatra tsunami, have also lead to increased understanding and predictability of submarine landslide consequences. This volume consists of the latest scientific research by international experts in geological, geophysical, engineering and environmental aspects of submarine mass failure, focused on understanding the full spectrum of challenges presented by submarine mass movements and their consequences.

Download or read book Glacier Science and Environmental Change written by Peter G. Knight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glacier Science and Environmental Change is an authoritative and comprehensive reference work on contemporary issues in glaciology. It explores the interface between glacier science and environmental change, in the past, present, and future. Written by the world’s foremost authorities in the subject and researchers at the scientific frontier where conventional wisdom of approach comes face to face with unsolved problems, this book provides: state-of-the-art reviews of the key topics in glaciology and related disciplines in environmental change cutting-edge case studies of the latest research an interdisciplinary synthesis of the issues that draw together the research efforts of glaciologists and scientists from other areas such as geologists, hydrologists, and climatologists color-plate section (with selected extra figures provided in color at www.blackwellpublishing.com/knight). The topics in this book have been carefully chosen to reflect current priorities in research, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the developing relationship between glaciology and studies of environmental change. Glacier Science and Environmental Change is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate research students, and professional researchers in glaciology, geology, geography, geophysics, climatology, and related disciplines.

Download or read book Volcanic Unrest written by Joachim Gottsmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.

Download or read book Ore Deposits and Mantle Plumes written by Franco Pirajno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PERTH Western Australia March 2000 Increasingly explorationists are seeking to find new ore deposits in poorly prospected areas, be they geographically remote, such as in the Arctic, or geologically remote, such as those under sedimentary cover. Modern prospecting techniques, including low-detection-level geochemistry and the use of advanced geophysical instrumentation have greatly assisted explorers but fundamental to any soundly based exploration program remains an understanding of the geological framework of ore deposits. This allows the development of deposit models on macroscopic and mesoscopic scales. This book by Dr. Franeo Pirajno draws on his extensive and wide global experience. To set the scene for a discussion of ore deposit generation Franeo details the Earths internal structures and mantle dynamics. He then explores the impact of mantle plumes on the crust and in particular their role in the production of magmatic environments, and in continental scale rifting. This includes a descriptive section on magmatic provinces around the globe, which highlights the importance of plumes. Any study of Earth processes needs to take into account the effects of extraterrestrial bombardment, and in particular the results from the impacts of large bolides. The effects of these impacts on the atmosphere and on life have now been recognised as profound. It is likely that the effect ofthese impacts on the Earth's crust is as equally profound.