Download or read book Sediment dynamics on the inner continental shelf of the Basque Country N Spain written by Adolfo Uriarte and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Environment in the Basque Country written by A. Borja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-03-03 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against a background of extensive multi-disciplinary oceanographic investigations over a number of years, together with the long-term establishment of a Society and Institute, extensive information is available from studies undertaken in the estuarine and coastal waters of the Basque Country.The present authors gained access to unpublished literature and reports which, together with a synthesis of internationally-refereed papers, provide a series of scientific overviews of particular subject areas. Teams of researchers (from Basque Institutes and Universities) combine to present the present 'state of knowledge', within a global context, of processes ranging from sub-seabed to air-sea interaction - incorporating data on the associated biology (including fisheries) and pollutant sources and levels. The latter are compared with regional, national and European legislation. The volume is divided into various sections: Introduction; Geography and Oceanography; Chemical Oceanography and Water Quality; Sediment Characteristics, Quality and Chemistry; Biomonitoring; Communities and Ecology; and Overall Assessment.The topics covered include: an historical review of marine research; the impact of human activities, during past centuries; geology, geomorphology and sediments; climate and meteorology; marine dynamics; hydrography; water mass characteristics; contaminants in the waters; microbiological quality; sedimentological characteristics; contaminants in sediments; biomonitoring of heavy metals and organic components, at tissue organism level and using cellular and molecular biomarkers; bacterioplankton and phytoplankton communities; zooplankton communities; benthic communities; seabirds; biodiversity and conservation; recovery of benthic communities; the polluted systems; and assessment of human impacts. On the basis of these syntheses, future challenges for marine research in the Basque Country are identified, in terms of a 'Research Agenda'. This comprehensive text, relating to estuarine, coastal and oceanographic processes at wide-ranging spatial and temporal scales in the southern Bay of Biscay, will be of interest to researchers, engineers and legislators - on a regional basis and within a world-wide perspective.

Download or read book Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat written by Peter Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation of marine benthic biodiversity is a recognised goal of a number of national and international programs such as the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). In order to attain this goal, information is needed about the distribution of life in the ocean so that spatial conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs) can be designed to maximise protection within boundaries of acceptable dimensions. Ideally, a map would be produced that showed the distribution of benthic biodiversity to enable the efficient design of MPAs. The dilemma is that such maps do not exist for most areas and it is not possible at present to predict the spatial distribution of all marine life using the sparse biological information currently available. Knowledge of the geomorphology and biogeography of the seafloor has improved markedly over the past 10 years. Using multibeam sonar, the benthic ecology of submarine features such as fjords, sand banks, coral reefs, seamounts, canyons, mud volcanoes and spreading ridges has been revealed in unprecedented detail. This book provides a synthesis of seabed geomorphology and benthic habitats based on the most recent, up-to-date information. Introductory chapters explain the drivers that underpin the need for benthic habitat maps, including threats to ocean health, the habitat mapping approach based on principles of biogeography and benthic ecology and seabed (geomorphic) classification schemes. Case studies from around the world are then presented. They represent a range of seabed features where detailed bathymetric maps have been combined with seabed video and sampling to yield an integrated picture of the benthic communities that are associated with different types of benthic habitat. The final chapter examines critical knowledge gaps and future directions for benthic habitat mapping research. - Reviews and compares the different methodologies currently being used - Includes global case studies - Provides geological expertise into what has traditionally been a biological discipline

Download or read book The Spanish Coastal Systems written by Juan A. Morales and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the state of art of the geologic knowledge about the Spanish coast obtained through scientific research in the last 30 years.From a general point of view, coasts are the most quickly changing systems of the Earth. This is critical, since many human resources, such as the main part of economic and social activities, are located in the coastal areas. Especially in the case of Spain these coasts include cities, wide industrial areas (including harbor complexes), important ecologic systems, and our main economic resource: tourism. Understanding the dynamic functioning of each element of this coast is vital for correct future coastal management, so as to solve problems derived from bad plans developed in the last decades of the twentieth century. This is a valuable text for advanced graduate students and coastal researchers, which connects the specific dynamic functioning of the main Spanish coastal environments and their relationships with human activities.

Download or read book Sediment Transport in Aquatic Environments written by Andrew Manning and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-10-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment Transport in Aquatic Environments is a book which covers a wide range of topics. The effective management of many aquatic environments, requires a detailed understanding of sediment dynamics. This has both environmental and economic implications, especially where there is any anthropogenic involvement. Numerical models are often the tool used for predicting the transport and fate of sediment movement in these situations, as they can estimate the various spatial and temporal fluxes. However, the physical sedimentary processes can vary quite considerably depending upon whether the local sediments are fully cohesive, non-cohesive, or a mixture of both types. For this reason for more than half a century, scientists, engineers, hydrologists and mathematicians have all been continuing to conduct research into the many aspects which influence sediment transport. These issues range from processes such as erosion and deposition to how sediment process observations can be applied in sediment transport modeling frameworks. This book reports the findings from recent research in applied sediment transport which has been conducted in a wide range of aquatic environments. The research was carried out by researchers who specialize in the transport of sediments and related issues. I highly recommend this textbook to both scientists and engineers who deal with sediment transport issues.

Download or read book Continental Shelf Sediment Dynamics written by Donn S. Gorsline and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf written by Nicholas C. Flemming and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-26 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quaternary Paleoenvironments examines the drowned landscapes exposed as extensive and attractive territory for prehistoric human settlement during the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene, when sea levels dropped to 120m-135m below their current levels. This volume provides an overview of the geological, geomorphological, climatic and sea-level history of the European continental shelf as a whole, as well as a series of detailed regional reviews for each of the major sea basins. The nature and variable attractions of the landscapes and resources available for human exploitation are examined, as are the conditions under which archaeological sites and landscape features are likely to have been preserved, destroyed or buried by sediment during sea-level rise. The authors also discuss the extent to which we can predict where to look for drowned landscapes with the greatest chance of success, with frequent reference to examples of preserved prehistoric sites in different submerged environments. Quaternary Paleoenvironments will be of interest to archaeologists, geologists, marine scientists, palaeoanthropologists, cultural heritage managers, geographers, and all those with an interest in the drowned landscapes of the continental shelf.

Download or read book Bedforms and Associated Sediment Dynamics on the Inner Shelves at Different Spatio temporal Scales written by Queralt Guerrero Sánchez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Thesis conducts the study of bedform development and dynamics in the inner shelf integrating observations at different spatial and temporal scales. An initial assumption is that different scales of sedimentary processes strongly interact between them and small-scale sedimentary processes intended to foster those of larger scale. The potential contribution of small-scale bedforms to the sediment transport is particularly addressed. The study includes the monitoring and analysis of sand ridges, ripples and near-bottom suspended sediment variations at the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean Sea) and Perranporth (Atlantic Ocean) inner shelves. A sand ridge field with maximum ridges heights of 2.5 m and 400 m spaced is located over a retreating lobe in the Ebro Delta. Ridges are mostly symmetric arranging obliquely to the shoreline. The change of the main Ebro River channel led to the progressive abandonment of the former river mouth and to the severe coastal retreatment, providing large amount of sediment available in the coastal zone. NW winds induce strong near-bottom currents flowing towards the SE, which are able to transport sediment and produce ridge formation and migration towards the SE at ̃10 m/y. The characteristics of the Ebro sand ridges match well with those of shoreface-connected sand ridges and, particularly, with the initial stages of sand ridge development on storm-dominated continental shelves. Time-scales related to their genesis can be within a few decades. The presence of ripples on the different inner shelves is the most usual situation under low- to moderate-energetic conditions. In the wave-dominated and tideless coast (Ebro Delta) ripples were observed superimposed on sand ridges. Four types were identified: small undulations that were the precursor ripples, 2D wave-ripples, current-dominated 2D-3D-ripples, and combined wave-current 3D-ripples. The wave-ripples were static while the current-dominated ripples migrated. In a macro-tidal sandy beach exposed to high-energetic Atlantic storms (Perranporth), only wave-ripples were developed arranging orthogonal to wave approach and they were static. The size of ripples changed from larger (developed in equilibrium conditions) to smaller ripples, the latter interpreted as degraded ripples in wash-out conditions. The ripple prediction did not well-adjust to neither ripple appearance nor dimension. However, if the observed thresholds of seabed states are applied the model improves ripple appearance forecast. The near-bottom suspended sediment variability from seconds to months in the Ebro Delta is described distinguishing between waves, currents, and combined wave-currents conditions. In general, waves dominated the sediment resuspensions although strong currents also have an important contribution in the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) increases. The time-averaged SSC usually showed redundant structure by forming three layers with different patterns. In the lower and intermediate layers the SSC oscillated at gravity and infragravity wave frequencies. Time-varying and instantaneous profiles exhibit sediment patterns potentially related to ripples. The potential role of ripple migration as an additional long-term mechanism of sediment transport was analysed. In Perranporth, wave ripples are stationary and did not contribute to beach recovery because of wave orbital symmetry. The sediment transport is alongshore during low-energetic regimes and cross-shore during more energetic regimes when ripples are washed-out. In the Ebro Delta, 3D-ripples migration agrees with sand ridges migration direction towards the SE. The respective migration rates and their differences in size, support that a subordinate part of sand ridge migration can be the result of ripple migration contribution under low-, moderate-regimes, suggesting that in specific environments, dynamics of small-scale bedforms can play a subordinate but not negligible role in the evolution of larger bedforms.

Download or read book Evolution of and processes acting on inner continental shelf areas written by Peter Feldens and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2012 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shallow seas are influenced by a magnitude of processes, acting on- and offshore. Therefore, most inner continental shelf areas have a unique appearance. Sediments and morphological features preserve information both about the geologic history and recent processes. In this study, extensive hydroacoustic surveys, including side scan sonar, multibeam echo sounder, and reflection seismic measurements, as well as sedimentological analyses were carried out in the Fehmarn Belt (SW Baltic Sea, Germany) and offshore Khao Lak (Andaman Sea, Thailand) between 2007 and 2011. The geologic evolution of a drowned river system since the last glacial as well as recent sediment dynamics of a subaqueous dune field were investigated in Fehmarn Belt. Offshore Khao Lak, the impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami was evaluated.

Download or read book Modern Sediment Accumulation on the Eastern Continental Shelf of Spain South of the Ebro River written by Bruce Edward Bergenback and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book British National Bibliography for Report Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1999-07 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sediment Transport written by Andrew Manning and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment Transport Processes and their Modelling Applications is a book which covers a wide range of topics. The effective management of many aquatic environments, requires a detailed understanding of sediment dynamics. This has both environmental and economic implications, especially where there is any anthropogenic involvement. Numerical models are often the tool used for predicting the transport and fate of sediment movement in these situations, as they can estimate the various spatial and temporal fluxes. However, the physical sedimentary processes can vary quite considerably depending upon whether the local sediments are fully cohesive, non-cohesive, or a mixture of both types. For this reason for more than half a century, scientists, engineers, hydrologists and mathematicians have all been continuing to conduct research into the many aspects which influence sediment transport. These issues range from processes such as scour, erosion and deposition, to how sediment process observations can be applied in sediment transport modelling frameworks. This book reports the findings from recent research in applied sediment transport which has been conducted in a wide range of aquatic environments. The research was carried out by researchers who specialise in the transport of sediments and related issues.

Download or read book Inner Continental Shelf Benthic Boundary Layer Dynamics and Suspened Sediment Transport written by Sung Chan Kim and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inner Continental Shelf Benthic Boundary Layer Dynamics and Suspend Sediment Transport written by Sung Chan Kim and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Regional Sea level Pressure Driven Model of Continental Shelf Sediment Dynamics written by Peter James Cleary and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sediment Dynamics and Associated Heavy Metals in a Small River and Wave dominated Inner Shelf Barcelona City NW Mediterranean written by Laura López Fernández and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wave storms and river inputs have been found to be the dominant forcing mechanism of sediment transport in continental shelves dominated by medium to large rivers around the world (e.g. Drake and Cacchione, 1985; Sherwood et al., 1994; Ogston and Stemberg, 1999; Traykovski et al., 2000; Wadman and McNinch, 2008) and in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Jiménez et al., 1999; Puig et al., 2001; Guillén et al., 2002, 2006; Palanques et al., 2002, 2011; Ferré et al., 2005; Roussiez et al., 2005; Ulses et al., 2008). However, the contribution of "small" Mediterranean river systems in fine-grained sediment dynamics is not well known. Flood and storm events redistribute not only sediment but also all the associated matter as well, such a heavy metals, which are indicators of the impact of industrial and urban activities. For these reasons, the present thesis project involves studying the dynamics of sediments and associated heavy metals across the inner continental shelf off the Besòs River (Barcelona), and in particular determining the effect of floods and storms in a littoral system affected by industrial and urban activities. To this end, several oceanographic surveys were carried out between 20 and 40 m water depths in the Barcelona continental shelf to obtain a variety of data: to register vertical hydrographical profiles (temperature, salinity and turbidity); to record time series of physical parameters (currents, salinity, temperature, turbidity and seabed variation) by deploying oceanographic equipment; and to take sediment samples (short cores and Van Veen grabs) and suspended and downward particulate matter from water samples and sediment traps for further sedimentological and geochemical analysis. The time period of the present study comprised three seasons, from autumn 2007 to spring 2008, which showed distinct features between them. The purpose of section 3 was to describe the main hydrographic and hydrodynamic conditions during the study period to support the interpretation of sediment transport processes. Three different periods in terms of storm and river activity matched the natural seasons of the year: The period comprised between end of September 2007 and December 2007 (autumn) was characterized by an intense frequency of northeastern-eastern storms mostly coupled with high but short river discharges and a convergence of the across-shelf current between 20 m and 30 m water depths; between January and early March 2008 (winter), the wave and river activity and frequency were reduced significantly with offshore currents dominating the across component; and finally, from March to mid June 2008 (spring), specially between May and June 2008, river discharges lasted more than one month and occurred under low wave energy conditions or in conjunction with S-SE and SW wave storms. The sediment response to the forcing conditions observed during the study period was analyzed in section 4. The grain size and porosity measurements taken in all the sediment samples collected during the experiment (sediment cores, sediment grabs and sediment traps) showed a high spatial and temporal variability of the bottom sediment properties, downward sediment fluxes and near-bottom sediment concentrations across the inner-shelf. Those changes were associated to periods of high wave shear stress, river and current energy and therefore, were more intense in autumn 2007 and spring 2008. However, an across shelf spatial variability was observed during this period which was associated to the sediment availability (i.e. critical shear stress gradients). As a result, the same storm produced larger nearbottom sediment concentration in deeper waters due to the limitation on the availability of resuspendable sediment in the near-shore. The resultant sediment dynamics across the inner shelf and results in sediment transport modeling during a resuspension event were then addressed in section 5. In the inner shelf off Barcelona, the general circulation of sediment transport was mainly directed towards the southwest (along-shelf) during the study period, however, the seaward component was considerably relevant and favored the segregation of coarse and fine sediment from the nearshore towards deeper areas. Nonetheless, noticeable differences in sediment transport patterns were observed across the inner shelf. Nearbottom sediment transport at 20 m water depth was mainly offshore, while in deeper parts of the inner shelf the along-shelf component dominated the sediment transport. The resulting sediment transport and its variability across the shelf, deposited riverine and storm-derived fine sediment in an along-shelf path towards the southwest between 20 m and 30 m water depth and only under the strong storms were transferred seaward toward the 40 m water depth site and to deeper areas. These differences had in turn a strong seasonal component related to the availability of fine sediments from river inputs and the energy of waves and currents. In this sense, autumn and spring registered events affected mostly at 20 m water depth and autumn and early winter months were more energetic at deeper waters reversing the sing of sediment transport gradients across the shelf. During this event, the sediment transport model captured adequately the transport rates across the inner shelf and allowed the estimation of the integrated vertical sediment flux in 10 meters of the water column above the seabed. Consequently with the observed and modelled pattern of sediment transport, the seabed variation was higher at 30 m than at 20 m water depth, with a total seabed erosion of about 10 cm and 4 cm, respectively. The implications of the sediment dynamics during the study period in the transference of heavy metals from the Besòs River across the shelf was analyzed in section 6. The Besòs River introduced heavy metal pollutants into the nearshore continuously associated with the regular regime and sporadically during increments in river discharge. Only during high wave and current energy the anthropogenic contamination, previously deposited in the shallow inner-shelf, reached deeper areas. As a result, the most contaminated sediment accumulated southwestward from the river and sewer mouths along the inner shelf decreasing offshore. The most affected area associated to the Besòs river influence was located around the tripod sites, especially between 20 m and 30 m water depths decreasing offshore.Finally, the main conclusions and proposals for future research of this thesis are discussed in section 7. In it, the importance of "small" Mediterranean river systems in the transfer of sediment across the continental shelf is highlighted from the sediment transport events observed during the study period.