Download or read book Sediment Deformation and Fluid Flow at Active Margins written by Kathryn Moran and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fluid Flow and Deformation at an Active Continental Margin written by Janet Wai Ngan Yun and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Margins written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 70 percent of the world's population is concentrated in the coastal borderlands, which geologists recognize to be the present continental margins. This new book on these continental margins provides a detailed account of a meeting which brought together specialists in marine and terrestrial geology, geochemistry, and geophysics. The workshop garnered widespread support and enthusiasm for a new direction in margins research focused on interdisciplinary studies of the fundamental processes of continental margin evolution. Scientific problems and solutions were identified for both divergent and convergent margins. Results of the workshop show that many of the fundamental plate interaction processes are common to all margins, whether formed by extension, contraction, or translation. This conclusion suggests a unified approach to margins research. A margins initiative has been proposed to follow up on the workshop results by developing science programs aimed at understanding the processes that control the initiation and evolution of continental margins.
Download or read book Deformation Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer in the Forearc of Convergent Margins written by Paola Vannucchi and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2012 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dynamics of Fluid Flow and Associated Chemical Fluxes at Active Continental Margins written by Evan Alan Solomon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active fluid flow plays an important role in the geochemical, thermal, and physical evolution of the Earth's crust. This dissertation investigates the active fluid flow and associated chemical fluxes at two dynamic continental margins: The Costa Rica subduction zone and the northern Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon province, using novel seafloor instrumentation for continuous monitoring of fluid flow rates and chemistry. Traditional pore fluid sampling methods and flow rate models only provide a steady-state view of these types of hydrogeochemical systems. The data presented in this thesis, however, show that these systems are dynamic with short period transients in both flow rates and chemistry having a wide range of implications. Osmotically pumped fluid samplers and a new borehole fluid flow meter were deployed in CORKed borehole observatories installed in two active hydrogeochemical systems at the Costa Rica subduction zone. The data collected by this effort provide critical information on the average and transient hydrogeochemical state of the upper igneous basement and subduction thrust. The results suggest that the upper igneous basement provides an efficient pathway for fluids expelled from the forearc that should be included in models of subduction zone hydrogeology and deformation. Two transients in flow rates along the décollement are the result of aseismic slip dislocations that ruptured through the seismogenic zone. These observations provide insight into the dynamics of episodic strain and the associated fluid flow along the décollement, and may provide an analog for the strain and flow response prior to and during a large subduction zone earthquake. Recent studies have shown that when the subduction flux of incompatible elements, such as Ba, in the incoming sediment section is high, the arc volcanoes erupt lavas enriched in these elements. Mass balance calculations based on the sedimentary input flux of Ba at reference sections drilled seaward of the trench and the enrichment of Ba in volcanic arcs, suggest 20-30% of the subducted sediment Ba budget is recycled to the arc. A detailed analysis of pore fluid and sediment Ba concentrations from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) cores collected at the Costa Rica subduction zone, shows that barite dissolution in the forearc can have a profound impact on the amount of Ba recycled to the arc volcanoes and mantle. At the Costa Rica margin, approximately 60% of the incoming sedimentary Ba is lost in the shallow subduction zone, greatly reducing previous estimates of the Ba input flux to the depths of magma generation based solely on the reference section seaward of the trench. These results suggest that current estimates of the global sediment Ba contribution to volcanic arcs should be reevaluated, and may need to be revised upwards. Four newly designed fluid flow meters/chemical samplers, called the MOSQUITO, were deployed for 430 days at a seafloor gas hydrate outcrop in the northern Gulf of Mexico to determine how dynamic subsurface fluid flow influences gas hydrate stability and to quantify the associated methane fluxes into the ocean and atmosphere. The results show that gas hydrate continuously formed within the sediments despite a highly transient fluid flow field and variable bottom water temperatures. A model is proposed where gas hydrate formation occurred as a result of long-term emanation of CH4 at focused gas vents followed by a more diffuse intergranular methane flux. From the long-term flow rate record, the estimated CH4 flux across the seafloor to the water column from focused vents at the Bush Hill seep is ~5.106 mol/yr. The surface water CH4 concentrations above the perennial hydrocarbon plumes emitted at these high-flux gas seeps are up to 2,000 times supersaturated. The estimated diffusive CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere from individual plumes are 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than previously reported from the deepwater marine environment. Extrapolation over the Gulf of Mexico continental shelf and slope indicates that these perennial hydrocarbon plumes emit at least 0.1 to 2.3 Tg CH4 yr−−1, and suggests submarine hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico and in other oil-rich regions are globally significant sources of 14C-dead ("fossil") methane to the atmosphere.
Download or read book Flow Processes in Faults and Shear Zones written by G. Ian Alsop and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faults and their deeper level equivalents, shear zones, are localized regions of intense deformation within the Earth. They are recognized at all scales from micro to plate boundary, and are important examples of the nature of heterogeneous deformation in natural rocks. Faults and shear zones are significant as they profoundly influence the location, architecture and evolution of a broad range of geological phenomenao The topography and bathymetry of the Earth's surface is marked by mountain belts and sedimentary basins that are controlled by faults and shear zoneso In addition, faults and shear zones control fluid migration and transport including hydrothermal and hydrocarbon systems. Once faults and shear zones are established, they are often long-lived features prone to multiple reactivation over very large time-scales. This collection of papers addresses lithospheric deformation and the rheology of shear zones, together with processes of partitioning and the unravelling of fault and shear zone histories.
Download or read book Continental Margin Sedimentation written by Charles A. Nittrouer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume on continental margin sedimentation brings together an expert editorial and contributor team to create a state-of-the-art resource. Taking a global perspective, the book spans a range of timescales and content, ranging from how oceans transport particles, to how thick rock sequences are formed on continental margins. Summarizes and integrates our understanding of sedimentary processes and strata associated with fluvial dispersal systems on continental shelves and slopes Explores timescales ranging from particle transport at one extreme, to deep burial at the other Insights are presented for margins in general, and with focus on a tectonically active margin (northern California) and a passive margin (New Jersey), enabling detailed examination of the intricate relationships between a wide suite of sedimentary processes and their preserved stratigraphy Includes observational studies which document the processes and strata found on particular margins, in addition to numerical models and laboratory experimentation, which provide a quantitative basis for extrapolation in time and space of insights about continental-margin sedimentation Provides a research resource for scientists studying modern and ancient margins, and an educational text for advanced students in sedimentology and stratigraphy
Download or read book Deep Sea Sediments written by H. Huneke and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Deep-Sea Sediments' focuses on the sedimentary processes operating within the various modern and ancient deep-sea environments. The chapters track the way of sedimentary particles from continental erosion or production in the marine realm, to transport into the deep sea, to final deposition on the sea floor.
Download or read book Classic Cordilleran Concepts written by Eldridge M. Moores and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences written by Geoffroy Lamarche and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art studies of seafloor slope instability and their societal implications. The volume captures the most recent and exciting scientific progress made in this research field. As the world’s climate and energy needs change, the conditions under which slope instability occurs and needs to be considered, are also changing. The science and engineering of submarine – or more widely subaqueous – mass movements is greatly benefiting from advances in seafloor and sub-seafloor surveying technologies. Ultra-high-resolution seafloor mapping and 3D seismic reflection cubes are becoming commonly available datasets that are dramatically increasing our knowledge of the mechanisms and controls of subaqueous slope failure. Monitoring of slope deformation, repeat surveying and deep drilling, on the other hand, are emerging as important new techniques for understanding the temporal scales of slope instability. In essence, rapid advances in technology are being readily incorporated into scientific research and as a result, our understanding of submarine mass movements is increasing at a very fast rate. The volume also marks the beginning of the third IGCP project for the submarine mass movement research community, IGCP-640 S4SLIDE (Significance of Modern and Ancient Submarine Slope LandSLIDEs). The Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences symposium is the biannual meeting under the IGCP umbrella.
Download or read book Technical Report written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geodynamics of Lithosphere and Earth s Mantle written by Jaroslava Plomerova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-04 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 151 (1998), No. 2/3/4
Download or read book The Interaction of Fluid Flow and Accretion related Deformation of Cascadia Basin Sediment written by Guy Robert Cochrane and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program written by Ocean Drilling Program and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogeology of the Oceanic Lithosphere with CD ROM written by Earl E. Davis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-09 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2004, reviews the subject of the nature, causes, and consequences of fluid flow in oceanic crust.
Download or read book Subsurface Sediment Mobilization written by Pieter Rensbergen and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2003 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geological Prior Information written by Andrew Curtis and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2004 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological prior information represents a new and emerging field within the geosciences. Prior information is the term used to describe previously existing knowledge that can be brought to bear on a new problem. This volume describes a range of methods that can be used to find solutions to practical and theoretical problems using geological prior information, and the nature of geological information that can be so employed.
