Download or read book Secure Communications in High Speed Fiber Optical Networks Using Code Division Multiple Access CDMA Transmission written by S. Bond and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is focused on the development of advanced components and system technologies for secure data transmission on high-speed fiber optic data systems. This work capitalizes on (1) a strong relationship with outstanding faculty at the University of California-Davis who are experts in high speed fiber-optic networks, (2) the realization that code division multiple access (CDMA) is emerging as a bandwidth enhancing technique for fiber optic networks, (3) the realization that CDMA of sufficient complexity forms the basis for almost unbreakable one-time key transmissions, (4) our concepts for superior components for implementing CDMA, (5) our expertise in semiconductor device processing and (6) our Center for Nano and Microtechnology, which is where the majority of the experimental work was done. Here we present a novel device concept, which will push the limits of current technology, and will simultaneously solve system implementation issues by investigating new state-of-the-art fiber technologies. This will enable the development of secure communication systems for the transmission and reception of messages on deployed commercial fiber optic networks, through the CDMA phase encoding of broad bandwidth pulses. CDMA technology has been developed as a multiplexing technology, much like wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM), to increase the potential number of users on a given communication link. A novel application of the techniques created for CDMA is to generate secure communication through physical layer encoding. Physical layer encoding devices are developed which utilize semiconductor waveguides with fast carrier response times to phase encode spectral components of a secure signal. Current commercial technology, most commonly a spatial light modulator, allows phase codes to be changed at rates of only 10's of Hertz ({approx}25ms response). The use of fast (picosecond to nanosecond) carrier dynamics of semiconductors, as opposed to field dynamics of liquid crystal molecules, enable phase codes at GHz rates. The semiconductor arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is the building block of the encoder/decoder device. A monolithically integrated AWG is developed in this LDRD. Using this building block, the AWG can be integrated with phase modulators to create temporally varying phase codes; this allows superior physical level encoding technology. The breadth of this project is wide, covering a free space optic demonstration (large optic at the meter scale) of the encoding system. This was done as a proof-of-principal exercise and to investigate the time varying phase codes (''locks'' and ''keys''). Then a monolithically integrated AWG implemented at the millimeter was investigated. The mono lithically integrated AWG has the same functionality as the table top free space optic but reduced down in size to be easily embedded in fiber optic networks.
Download or read book Optical Code Division Multiple Access written by Paul R. Prucnal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code-division multiple access (CDMA) technology has been widely adopted in cell phones. Its astonishing success has led many to evaluate the promise of this technology for optical networks. This field has come to be known as Optical CDMA (OCDMA). Surveying the field from its infancy to the current state, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications offers the first comprehensive treatment of OCDMA from technology to systems. The book opens with a historical perspective, demonstrating the growth and development of the technologies that would eventually evolve into today's optical networks. Building on this background, the discussion moves to coherent and incoherent optical CDMA coding techniques and performance analysis of these codes in fiber optic transmission systems. Individual chapters provide detailed examinations of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology including theory, design, and applications; coherent OCDMA systems; and incoherent OCDMA systems. Turning to implementation, the book includes hybrid multiplexing techniques along with system examples and conversion techniques to connect networks that use different multiplexing platforms, state-of-the-art integration technologies, OCDMA network security issues, and OCDMA network architectures and applications, including a look at possible future directions. Featuring contributions from a team of international experts led by a pioneer in optical technology, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications places the concepts, techniques, and technologies in clear focus for anyone working to build next-generation optical networks.
Download or read book Emerging Trends in ICT Security written by Ben Wu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-06 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing data security in the optical layer enables low latency data encryption and enlarges the capacity for secure data transmission. As the demand for both secure and high speed transmission grows dramatically, secure data transmission is pushing the requirements for processing speed and network capacity. As fiber-optic systems form the backbone of communication networks, optical approaches for protecting the network security increases the available capacity of the network. Moreover, compared to electric circuits, fiber-optic systems are immune to electromagnetic interference and have high processing speeds. In this chapter, we discuss using fiber-optic-based techniques to defend against threats in the network, including optical encryption, optical code-division multiple access (CDMA), optical key distribution, optical steganography, anti-jamming, and optical chaos-based communication. These approaches are categorized by their different applications for protecting the properties of network security, including confidentiality, privacy, and availability.
Download or read book Optical Code Division Multiple Access written by Paul R. Prucnal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code-division multiple access (CDMA) technology has been widely adopted in cell phones. Its astonishing success has led many to evaluate the promise of this technology for optical networks. This field has come to be known as Optical CDMA (OCDMA). Surveying the field from its infancy to the current state, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications offers the first comprehensive treatment of OCDMA from technology to systems. The book opens with a historical perspective, demonstrating the growth and development of the technologies that would eventually evolve into today's optical networks. Building on this background, the discussion moves to coherent and incoherent optical CDMA coding techniques and performance analysis of these codes in fiber optic transmission systems. Individual chapters provide detailed examinations of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology including theory, design, and applications; coherent OCDMA systems; and incoherent OCDMA systems. Turning to implementation, the book includes hybrid multiplexing techniques along with system examples and conversion techniques to connect networks that use different multiplexing platforms, state-of-the-art integration technologies, OCDMA network security issues, and OCDMA network architectures and applications, including a look at possible future directions. Featuring contributions from a team of international experts led by a pioneer in optical technology, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications places the concepts, techniques, and technologies in clear focus for anyone working to build next-generation optical networks.
Download or read book Optical CDMA Networks written by Hooshang Ghafouri-Shiraz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-04 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses heavily on the principles, analysis and applications of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques in optical communication systems and networks. In this book, the authors intimately discuss modern optical networks and their applications in current and emerging communication technologies, evaluating the quality, speed and number of supported services. In particular, principles and fundamentals of optical CDMA techniques from beginner to advanced levels are heavily covered. Furthermore, the authors concentrate on methods and techniques of various encoding and decoding schemes and their structures, as well as analysis of optical CDMA systems with various transceiver models including advanced multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations with the architecture of access/aggregation networks in mind. Moreover, authors examine intriguing topics of optical CDMA networking, compatibility with IP networks, and implementation of optical multi-rate multi-service CDMA networks. Key features: Expanded coverage of optical CDMA networks, starts from principles and fundamentals Comprehensive mathematical modelling and analysis from signal to system levels Addresses the applications of modern optical networking in the current and emerging communication technologies Greater focus on advanced optical multi-level incoherent and coherent modulations, spreading codes, and transceiver designs Detailed hardware specifications, system-level block diagrams, and network nodes’ functionalities This book appeals to researchers, practicing engineers, and advanced students. It is a practical resource for readers with an interest in optical communications and networks.
Download or read book Optical Code Division Multiple Access Communication Networks written by Hongxi Yin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) communication network technology will play an important role in future optical networks, such as optical access and metropolitan area networks. OCDMA technology can also be applied to implement optical signal multiplexing and label switching on backbone networks. Optical Code Division Multiple Access Communication Networks - Theory and Applications introduces the code theory of OCDMA, the methods and technologies of OCDMA encoding and decoding, the theory and methods of analyzing OCDMA systems with various receiver models and realizing multiple-class services with different bit rates and QoS. In addition, OCDMA network architectures, protocols and applications are discussed in detail. The up-to-date theoretical and experimental results on OCDMA systems and networks are also reported. A large number of encoding/decoding examples and many analysis and simulation results of code and system performances are given. It is a valuable text and/or reference book for postgraduates majoring in telecommunication and photonics to obtain a well-knit theoretical foundation and for engineers in R&D and management of optical communications. Dr. Yin is an Associate Professor of the School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science at Peking University, China, and was a Visiting Research Fellow of Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) at University of Southampton, UK. Dr. Richardson is a Professor for optical communications and Deputy Director of ORC at University of Southampton, UK, and is responsible for much of the ORC's fiber related activities.
Download or read book Code Division Multiple Access CDMA written by R. Michael and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the basic aspects of Code Division Multiple Access or CDMA. It begins with an introduction to the basic ideas behind fixed and random access systems in order to demonstrate the difference between CDMA and the more widely understood TDMA, FDMA or CSMA. Secondly, a review of basic spread spectrum techniques are presented which are used in CDMA systems including direct sequence, frequency-hopping and time-hopping approaches. The basic concept of CDMA is presented, followed by the four basic principles of CDMA systems that impact their performance: interference averaging, universal frequency reuse, soft handoff, and statistical multiplexing. The focus of the discussion will then shift to applications. The most common application of CDMA currently is cellular systems. A detailed discussion on cellular voice systems based on CDMA, specifically IS-95, is presented. The capacity of such systems will be examined as well as performance enhancement techniques such as coding and spatial filtering. Also discussed are Third Generation CDMA cellular systems and how they differ from Second Generation systems. A second application of CDMA that is covered is spread spectrum packet radio networks. Finally, there is an examination of multi-user detection and interference cancellation and how such techniques impact CDMA networks. This book should be of interest and value to engineers, advanced students, and researchers in communications.
Download or read book CDMA Cellular Mobile Communications and Network Security written by Man Young Rhee and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CDMA has emerged as the leading technology for today's new generation of PCS wireless networks. This is a complete guide to designing, optimizing and securing CDMA systems.
Download or read book Basics of Code Division Multiple Access CDMA written by Raghuveer M. Rao and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code division multiple access (CDMA) has proven to be a viable enabling technique for the simultaneous transmission and reception of data over a shared channel. Although associated mostly with wireless cellular communication, CDMA is also being considered for optical channels. This text, aimed at the reader with a basic background in electrical or optical engineering, covers CDMA fundamentals: from the basics of the communication process and digital data transmission, to the concepts of code division multiplexing, direct sequence spreading, diversity techniques, the near-far effect, and the IS-95 CDMA standard form.
Download or read book Code Division Multiple Access Communications written by Savo G. Glisic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) has become one of the main candidates for the next generation of mobile land and satellite communication systems. CDMA is based on spread spectrum techniques, which have been used in military applications for over half a century. Only recently, however, has it been recognised that spread spectrum techniques, combined with some additional steps, can provide higher capacity and better flexibility for the mobile cellular radio communications. Code Division Multiple Access Communications comprises a set of contributions from the most distinguished world scientists in the field. These papers review the basic theory and some of the most important problems related to spread spectrum and CDMA. The topics covered centre on the information theory aspects of CDMA; interference suppression and performance analysis. The material presented in this book summarises the main problems in modern CDMA theory and practice and gives a solid starting point for studying this complex and still challenging field. As such Code Division Multiple Access Communications is essential reading for all researchers and designers working in mobile communication systems and provides an excellent text for a course on the subject.
Download or read book Optical Code Division Multiple Access written by Ken-Ichi Kitayama and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A comprehensive guide to optical fiber communications, from the basic principles to the latest developments in OCDMA for Next-Generation Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) systems. Part I starts off with the fundamentals of light propagation in optical fibers, including multiple access protocols, and their enabling techniques. Part II is dedicated to the practical perspectives of Next-Generation Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) technology. It covers the key building blocks of OCDMA, devices such as optical encoders and decoders, signal impairments due to noise, and data confidentiality, a unique property of OCDMA. This is followed by hybrid system architectures with TDM and WDM and practical aspects such as system cost, energy efficiency and long-reach PONs. Featuring the latest research, with cutting-edge coverage of system design, optical implementations, and experimental demonstrations in test beds, this text is ideal for students, researchers and practitioners in the industry seeking to obtain an up-to-date understanding of optical communication networks"--
Download or read book Utilization in Optical Code division Multiple access Networks microform written by Andrew Stok and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the process of studying O-CDMA through the spectral and network utilization, a number of specific original contributions are made: an impairment in O-CDMA networks---the spectral crosstalk---is studied for two different system configurations; a procedure is designed to evaluate the performance of O-CDMA signature sequences in realistic networking environments; and a technique is developed to allocate adaptively signature sequences which leads to an order of magnitude improvement in performance and provides a quality-of-service contract on the bit-error rate. In local-area networks with a high traffic load, an O-CDMA system with static allocation of signature sequences is shown to have a higher network utilization than a competing WDMA scheme. It is demonstrated that by increasing the adaptability of the next generation of O-CDMA systems, the performance may be further improved. This work provides the tools-the analytical frameworks, figures of merit and mechanisms for adaptability-that may be used to design and evaluate these future O-CDMA systems. This work investigates how O-CDMA exploits resources in multiwavelength optical fiber networks. For the first time, it examines this question fundamentally from the perspective of both transmission and network connectivity. Given the processing gain of O-CDMA, the spectral width of the transmitted signal may become appreciable relative to the spacing between adjacent channels. The assumption traditionally made in optical communications that these channels may be treated independently breaks down in this case. In this work, a figure of merit---the spectral utilization---together with an analytical framework are developed to treat the bandwidth of O-CDMA networks as a whole, rather than as a collection of independent segments. The studies of O-CDMA with this spectral utilization metric suggest that the technology cannot compete with wavelength-division multiple-access (WDMA) at the physical layer taken in isolation; however, this is not the sole measure of the value of a network. Factors such as channel or receiver contention and the statistics of the traffic being transported do not manifest themselves in the physical layer yet are important factors in determining the performance of an optical network. A different figure of merit---the network utilization---is therefore used to compare and evaluate various O-CDMA and WDMA systems in a networking context.
Download or read book Prime Codes with Applications to CDMA Optical and Wireless Networks written by Guu-Chang Yang and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first-of-its-kind book provides you with the latest research on prime codes and their advanced wireless and optical communications applications. It describes in clear, concise language the fundamental issues involved in prime codes and their relationships to modern communications, with the focus on performance analysis and results. Examples are used to illustrate the fundamental concepts and to show you how prime codes are designed. You learn how to apply prime codes to optical communication systems and networks with experimental demonstrations.
Download or read book Emerging Trends in ICT Security written by Babak Akhgar and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-06 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Trends in ICT Security, an edited volume, discusses the foundations and theoretical aspects of ICT security; covers trends, analytics, assessments and frameworks necessary for performance analysis and evaluation; and gives you the state-of-the-art knowledge needed for successful deployment of security solutions in many environments. Application scenarios provide you with an insider's look at security solutions deployed in real-life scenarios, including but limited to smart devices, biometrics, social media, big data security, and crowd sourcing. - Provides a multidisciplinary approach to security with coverage of communication systems, information mining, policy making, and management infrastructures - Discusses deployment of numerous security solutions, including, cyber defense techniques and defense against malicious code and mobile attacks - Addresses application of security solutions in real-life scenarios in several environments, such as social media, big data and crowd sourcing
Download or read book Design and Modelling of Electronic Processing Circuits for Optical Code Division Multiple Access Communication Networks written by M. N. Pimenta and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) has been proposed for optical fibre networks to a achieve high-speed connectivity, asynchronous operation and network control simplifications. Traditionally, all-optical devices have been proposed to encode, decode and process CDMA signals because the bandwidth in the optical medium is higher than electronic processing techniques. Today's advances in integrated circuit technologies coupled with bandwidth efficient circuit topologies, may provide robust alternatives for CDMA over fibre applications. This thesis overs two areas of work. First, a new circuit for encoding and decoding incoherent CDMA signals in the electrical domain is proposed. This structure makes use of the high bandwidth of distributed amplifier-like topologies to achieve very wideband operation. As proof of concept, a distributed transversal filter was designed with a commercial available GaAs MMIC process; modelling results show feasibility of CDMA encoding/decoding at 40 GChip/s employing transistors with cut-off frequencies of 60 GHz. Limitations and potential practical applications of these design ideas are discussed. The second part of the thesis focuses on the impact of the time skewing due to optical-fibre Group Velocity Difference in Wavelength-Hopping Time-Spreading (WHTS) Optical CDMA and the compensation of this impairment through electronic techniques. A new network model was created to assess the impact of such impairment in these systems. Conclusions about the time skewing impact on the auto and cross-correlation properties of the system are extracted. This model was employed to assess the use of an electronic distributed transversal filters as time skewing compensator in Optical CDMA networks. Finally, an experimental setup of a WHTS Optical CDMA network was built to analyze the effect of time skewing and to assess the practical feasibility of its compensation with a distributed transversal filter. The Fiber Bragg Grating based system comprises 2.5 GBit/s transmission (20 GChip/s) with five wavelengths. Conclusions about the practical limitations are derived and presented.
Download or read book Global Trends in Computing and Communication Systems written by P. Venkata Krishna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-08 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set, CCIS 0269-CCIS 0270, constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the International Conference on Global Trends in Computing and Communication, ObCom 2011, held in Vellore, India, in December 2011. The 173 full papers presented together with a keynote paper and invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 842 submissions. The conference addresses all current issues associated with computing, communication and information. The proceedings consists of invited papers dealing with the review of performance models of computer and communication systems and contributed papers that feature topics such as networking, cloud computing, fuzzy logic, mobile communication, image processing, navigation systems, biometrics and Web services covering literally all the vital areas of the computing domains.
Download or read book Optical Code Division Multiple Access for Local Area Network written by Dayang Khadijah Hamzah and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study is to apply and analyze the optical CDMA transmission in a local area environment based on ring network using Double Weight (DW) code.
