Download or read book Secondary Eyewall Formation in High Resolution Realistic Hurricane Simulations written by Sergio Federico Abarca Fuente and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Numerical Grid Spacing and Time Step Size on Vortex Rossby Waves in Secondary Eyewall Formation in a Simulation of Hurricane Wilma 2005 written by Jonathan Gadoury and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To understand the impact of numerical grid spacing and time step size on vortex Rossby waves in hurricanes going through an eyewall replacement cycle, multiple simulations with identical parameterization but with different numerics were carried out using the WRF model on hurricane Wilma (2005). The method of Empirical Normal Modes was then applied on the dataset in order to find radially outward propagating vortex Rossby waves (VRWs). It was found that for varying grid lengths, using high resolution can resolve these VRWs while a mixture of gravity and vortex Rossby waves was propagating from the eyewall using coarse resolution. An examination of the divergence of the Eliassen-Palm flux showed that high resolution is required to form a secondary eyewall. In terms of varying the time step size, differences were noted in the eyewall replacement cycles as well as the final shape of the eyewall, implying that non-converging numerical errors can impact strongly the vortex Rossby waves and therefore the dynamics of the hurricane." --
Download or read book High resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie 1998 written by Scott A. Braun and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asymmetric Eyewall Vertical Motion in a High resolution Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie 1998 written by Scott A. Braun and published by . This book was released on with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diagnostic Study of Hurricane Asymmetries Using Empirical Normal Modes written by Yosvany H. Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology written by Roland B. Stull and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1988-07-31 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the excitement in boundary-layer meteorology is the challenge associated with turbulent flow - one of the unsolved problems in classical physics. An additional attraction of the filed is the rich diversity of topics and research methods that are collected under the umbrella-term of boundary-layer meteorology. The flavor of the challenges and the excitement associated with the study of the atmospheric boundary layer are captured in this textbook. Fundamental concepts and mathematics are presented prior to their use, physical interpretations of the terms in equations are given, sample data are shown, examples are solved, and exercises are included. The work should also be considered as a major reference and as a review of the literature, since it includes tables of parameterizatlons, procedures, filed experiments, useful constants, and graphs of various phenomena under a variety of conditions. It is assumed that the work will be used at the beginning graduate level for students with an undergraduate background in meteorology, but the author envisions, and has catered for, a heterogeneity in the background and experience of his readers.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences written by Gerald R. North and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 2874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition, Six Volume Set is an authoritative resource covering all aspects of atmospheric sciences, including both theory and applications. With more than 320 articles and 1,600 figures and photographs, this revised version of the award-winning first edition offers comprehensive coverage of this important field. The six volumes in this set contain broad-ranging articles on topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction. The Encyclopedia is an ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences. It is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with the latest information in the field. Covers all aspects of atmospheric sciences—including both theory and applications Presents more than 320 articles and more than 1,600 figures and photographs Broad-ranging articles include topics such as atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layers, clouds, general circulation, global change, mesoscale meteorology, ozone, radar, satellite remote sensing, and weather prediction An ideal resource for academia, government, and industry in the fields of atmospheric, ocean, and environmental sciences
Download or read book Prediction of Intensity Change Subsequent to Concentric Eyewall Events written by Rachel Grant Mauk and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentric eyewall events have been documented numerous times in intense tropical cyclones over the last two decades. During a concentric eyewall event, an outer (secondary) eyewall forms around the inner (primary) eyewall. Improved instrumentation on aircraft and satellites greatly increases the likelihood of detecting an event. Despite the increased ability to detect such events, forecasts of intensity changes during and after these events remain poor. When concentric eyewall events occur near land, accurate intensity change predictions are especially critical to ensure proper emergency preparations and staging of recovery assets. A nineteen-year (1997-2015) database of concentric eyewall events is developed by analyzing microwave satellite imagery, aircraft- and land-based radar, and other published documents. Events are identified in both the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins. TCs are categorized as single (1 event), serial (>= 2 events) and super-serial (>= 3 events). Key findings here include distinct spatial patterns for single and serial Atlantic TCs, a broad seasonal distribution for eastern North Pacific TCs, and apparent ENSO-related variability in both basins. The intensity change subsequent to the concentric eyewall event is calculated from the HURDAT2 database at time points relative to the start and to the end of the event. Intensity change is then categorized as Weaken (= -10 kt), Maintain (+/- 5 kt), and Strengthen (= 10 kt). Environmental conditions in which each event occurred are analyzed based on the SHIPS diagnostic files. Oceanic, dynamic, thermodynamic, and TC status predictors are selected for testing in a multiple discriminant analysis procedure to determine which variables successfully discriminate the intensity change category and the occurrence of additional concentric eyewall events. Intensity models are created for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h after the concentric eyewall event's end. Leave-one-out cross validation is performed on each set of discriminators to generate classifications, which are then compared to observations. For each model, the top combinations achieve 80-95% overall accuracy in classifying TCs based on the environmental characteristics, although Maintain systems are frequently misclassified. The third part of this dissertation employs the Weather Research and Forecasting model to further investigate concentric eyewall events. Two serial Atlantic concentric eyewall cases (Katrina 2005 and Wilma 2005) are selected from the original study set, and WRF simulations performed using several model designs. Despite strong evidence from multiple sources that serial concentric eyewalls formed in both hurricanes, the WRF simulations did not produce identifiable concentric eyewall structures for Katrina, and only transient structures for Wilma. Possible reasons for the lack of concentric eyewall formation are discussed, including model resolution, microphysics, and data sources.
Download or read book Sensitivity of Simulated Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Horizontal Turbulent Mixing written by Joanne Michelle Kennell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) are naturally occurring phenomena in some intense tropical cyclones. The exact mechanisms of ERCs are currently not known and successful numerical simulations of ERCs are also rare. The objectives of this thesis are to 1) validate the current ERC theories for a set of numerical simulations which resolved ERC processes, 2) investigate the role of boundary layer turbulence in ERCs, and 3) propose a mechanism for ERCs. Using the Advanced Research and Weather Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model, Hurricane Danielle (2010) was simulated. The ERCs that occurred in simulated Danielle are sensitive to parameterized horizontal turbulent mixing. Five theories on the initiating mechanisms of eyewall replace cycles are discussed with respect to each of our simulations and based on the results, a new idea of how the eyewall replacement process formed in our simulations is proposed. Two sensitivity experiments are performed to test the validity of this mechanism.
Download or read book Secondary Eyewall Formation and Sheared Convection in Mature Hurricanes written by Wesley D. Terwey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics and Predictability of Large Scale High Impact Weather and Climate Events written by Jianping Li and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the dynamical processes between high-impact weather and climate events, and between atmospheric and ocean phenomena.
Download or read book Analysis of Environmental Factors Contributing to the Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Hurricanes written by Martha Christino and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even the most advanced hurricane forecast models have difficulty predicting eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) in tropical cyclones. Most research has attempted to solve this problem by working to understand the dynamic and kinematic drivers of an ERC. This project proposes an alternative approach focused on analyzing the changes in measurable environmental factors and utilizing a machine learning algorithm to predict the ERC. The aim of the first phase of this project is to establish which environmental factors are linked to the initial development of a secondary eye wall. Thirty-seven occurrences of secondary eyewall formation (SEF) in hurricanes between 1984 and 2018 were selected based on the criteria used in Sitkowski, et al. (2011). Each SEF event was matched with a similarly intensifying hurricane that did not experience a subsequent SEF event based on the year and storm intensity. Using environmental data from the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) predictor files, the change in each environmental variable at six-hour intervals for twenty-four hours before the start of SEF was analyzed. The environmental variables that experience the most significant change prior to SEF will determine which variables should be used as predictors in a machine learning program designed to predict SEF onset. The goal of this research is to create an algorithm capable of predicting a SEF event twenty-four hours in advance. This algorithm will be compared to existing statistical SEF prediction schemes. Predicting ERC events will allow hurricane track and intensity models to produce more accurate forecasts and emergency response centers to accordingly alter evacuation zones, resulting in decreased economic loss and fatalities.
Download or read book Insights Into the Hurricane Vortex Using a High Resolution Numerical Simulation of Hurricane Bob 1991 written by John Douglas Fulton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A High Resolution Numerical Simulation of Hurricane Opal 1995 written by Glen Scott Romine and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Divine Wind written by Kerry Emanuel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine standing at the center of a Roman coliseum that is 20 miles across, with walls that soar 10 miles into the sky, towering walls with cascades of ice crystals falling along its brilliantly white surface. That's what it's like to stand in the eye of a hurricane. In Divine Wind, Kerry Emanuel, one of the world's leading authorities on hurricanes, gives us an engaging account of these awe-inspiring meteorological events, revealing how hurricanes and typhoons have literally altered human history, thwarting military incursions and changing the course of explorations. Offering an account of the physics of the tropical atmosphere, the author explains how such benign climates give rise to the most powerful storms in the world and tells what modern science has learned about them. Interwoven with this scientific account are descriptions of some of the most important hurricanes in history and relevant works of art and literature. For instance, he describes the 17th-century hurricane that likely inspired Shakespeare's The Tempest and that led to the British colonization of Bermuda. We also read about the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, by far the worst natural calamity in U.S. history, with a death toll between 8,000 and 12,000 that exceeded the San Francisco earthquake, the Johnstown Flood, and the Okeechobee Hurricane co Boasting more than one hundred color illustrations, frommbined. Boasting more than one hundred color illustrations, from ultra-modern Doppler imagery to classic paintings by Winslow Homer, Divine Wind captures the profound effects that hurricanes have had on humanity. Its fascinating blend of history, science, and art will appeal to weather junkies, science buffs, and everyone who read Isaac's Storm.
Download or read book The Atmospheric Sciences written by Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-11-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise. Findings in this field shape a broad spectrum of decisions--what to wear outdoors, whether aircraft should fly, how to deal with the issue of climate change, and more. This book presents a comprehensive assessment of the atmospheric sciences and offers a vision for the future and a range of recommendations for federal authorities, the scientific community, and education administrators. How does atmospheric science contribute to national well-being? In the context of this question, the panel identifies imperatives in scientific observation, recommends directions for modeling and forecasting research, and examines management issues, including the growing problem of weather data availability. Five subdisciplines--physics, chemistry, dynamics and weather forecasting, upper atmosphere and near-earth space physics, climate and climate change--and their status as the science enters the twenty-first century are examined in detail, including recommendations for research. This readable book will be of interest to public-sector policy framers and private-sector decisionmakers as well as researchers, educators, and students in the atmospheric sciences.
Download or read book Disaster Resilience written by National Academies and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience-the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause.
