Download or read book Second Year Report of the Atmosphere to Electrons Mesoscale to Microscale Coupling Project Nonstationary Modeling Techniques and Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the Mesoscale-Microscale Coupling (MMC) Project is to develop, verify, and validate physical models and modeling techniques that bridge the most important atmospheric scales that determine wind plant performance and reliability. Without appropriate larger scale forcing, microscale models cannot correctly capture the meteorologically dependent flow details required to optimize siting, operations, controls, and the integration of wind generated electricity. Incorporating meteorological forcing into wind plant simulation tools, on the other hand, will significantly improve viability of wind power to meet the emerging domestic and global demands for reliable, efficient, and cost-competitive energy sources. As part of DOE's Atmosphere to Electrons (A2e) program, the MMC project seeks to create a new predictive numerical simulation capability that is able to represent the full range of atmospheric flow conditions impacting wind plant performance.
Download or read book FY 2019 Report of the Atmosphere to Electrons Mesoscale to Microscale Coupling Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of the Mesoscale-to-Microscale Coupling (MMC) project is to improve coupling between mesoscale and microscale simulations via improved guidance and new strategies for setting up simulations and the development of new tools that can be used across the community. Including the mesoscale forcing is critical to modeling the full energy transfer across scales in the atmosphere. The project-specific objectives include: apply rigorous verification and validation (V&V) techniques to the new modeling tools that are developed as part of the project to ensure the accuracy of our codes and results and develop estimates of the relative uncertainty; improve computational performance of the coupled MMC models through the development of methods that can be used to reduce turbulence spin-up time and hence the size of computational domains; improve representation of the surface layer in microscale models to enhance simulations of hub-height wind speed; develop guidance for the community describing the best ways to couple mesoscale and microscale models, including specific spatial scales at which the handoff to the microscale model should occur; prepare documentation and a suite of software tools that can be used across the community; and transition MMC research to the offshore environment.
Download or read book Statistical Mechanics of Turbulent Flows written by Stefan Heinz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simulation of technological and environmental flows is very important for many industrial developments. A major challenge related to their modeling is to involve the characteristic turbulence that appears in most of these flows. The traditional way to tackle this question is to use deterministic equations where the effects of turbulence are directly parametrized, i. e. , assumed as functions of the variables considered. However, this approach often becomes problematic, in particular if reacting flows have to be simulated. In many cases, it turns out that appropriate approximations for the closure of deterministic equations are simply unavailable. The alternative to the traditional way of modeling turbulence is to construct stochastic models which explain the random nature of turbulence. The application of such models is very attractive: one can overcome the closure problems that are inherent to deterministic methods on the basis of relatively simple and physically consistent models. Thus, from a general point of view, the use of stochastic methods for turbulence simulations seems to be the optimal way to solve most of the problems related to industrial flow simulations. However, it turns out that this is not as simple as it looks at first glance. The first question concerns the numerical solution of stochastic equations for flows of environmental and technological interest. To calculate industrial flows, 3 one often has to consider a number of grid cells that is of the order of 100 .
Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Metals written by John O. Milewski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-28 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engaging volume presents the exciting new technology of additive manufacturing (AM) of metal objects for a broad audience of academic and industry researchers, manufacturing professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, hobbyists, and artists. Innovative applications ranging from rocket nozzles to custom jewelry to medical implants illustrate a new world of freedom in design and fabrication, creating objects otherwise not possible by conventional means. The author describes the various methods and advanced metals used to create high value components, enabling readers to choose which process is best for them. Of particular interest is how harnessing the power of lasers, electron beams, and electric arcs, as directed by advanced computer models, robots, and 3D printing systems, can create otherwise unattainable objects. A timeline depicting the evolution of metalworking, accelerated by the computer and information age, ties AM metal technology to the rapid evolution of global technology trends. Charts, diagrams, and illustrations complement the text to describe the diverse set of technologies brought together in the AM processing of metal. Extensive listing of terms, definitions, and acronyms provides the reader with a quick reference guide to the language of AM metal processing. The book directs the reader to a wealth of internet sites providing further reading and resources, such as vendors and service providers, to jump start those interested in taking the first steps to establishing AM metal capability on whatever scale. The appendix provides hands-on example exercises for those ready to engage in experiential self-directed learning.
Download or read book Air Pollution written by Bhola R. Gurjar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution is recognized as one of the leading contributors to the global environmental burden of disease, even in countries with relatively low concentrations of air pollution. Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts examines the effect of this complex problem on human health and the environment in different settings around the world. I
Download or read book Aerosol Science and Technology written by David S. Ensor and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews captures an exciting slice of history in the evolution of aerosol science. It presents in-depth biographies of four leading international aerosol researchers and highlights pivotal research institutions in New York, Minnesota, and Austria. One collection of chapters reflects on the legacy of the Pasadena smog experiment, while another presents a fascinating overview of military applications and nuclear aerosols. Finally, prominent researchers offer detailed reviews of aerosol measurement, processes, experiments, and technology that changed the face of aerosol science. This volume is the third in a series and is supported by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) History Working Group, whose goal is to produce archival books from its symposiums on the history of aerosol science to ensure a lasting record. It is based on papers presented at the Third Aerosol History Symposium on September 8 and 9, 2006, in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Download or read book Atmospheric Boundary Layers written by Alexander Baklanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents peer-reviewed papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Atmospheric Boundary Layers held in April 2006. The papers are divided into thematic sessions: nature and theory of turbulent boundary layers; boundary-layer flows: modeling and applications to environmental security; nature, theory and modeling of boundary-layer flows; air flows within and above urban and other complex canopies: air-sea-ice interaction.
Download or read book Selected Papers from the 15th OpenFOAM Workshop written by Eric G Paterson and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue will publish selected papers from the 15th OpenFOAM Workshop, June 22-25, 2020 in Arlington, Virginia, USA. The workshop is hosted by the Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering at Virginia Tech. During this community driven event, conference presentations and poster sessions will be held and work in progress is gladly seen as well. In addition to the conference aspect, trainings on OpenFOAM technology and other related software tools are held mostly from users for users. This underlines one of the goals of the workshop: bringing users, developers and researchers together and providing a nurturing ground for open discussions and future projects. The conference will cover the following main topics: - Aerodynamics; - Civil engineering; - Complex materials; - Compressible flows; - Fluid-structure interaction; - General CFD; - Heat and mass transfer; - Lagrangian methods; - Naval hydrodynamic; - Offshore and renewable energy; - Optimization and control; - Porous media; - Pre/post-processing; - Reacting flows; - Turbomachinery; - Turbulence modeling. Papers presented in this workshop and having enough quality can be further considered for publication in Fluids. The papers will be peer-reviewed for the validation of research results, developments, and applications.
Download or read book Hot Embossing written by Matthias Worgull and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an overview of replication technology for micro- and nanostructures, focusing on the techniques and technology of hot embossing, a scaleable and multi-purpose technology for the manufacture of devices such as BioMEMS and microfluidic devices which are expected to revolutionize a wide range of medical and industrial processes over the coming decade.The hot embossing process for replicating microstructures was developed by the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) where the author is head of the Nanoreplication Group. Worgull fills a gap in existing information by fully detailing the technology and techniques of hot embossing. He also covers nanoimprinting, a process related to hot embossing, with examples of actual research topics and new applications in nanoreplication. A practical and theoretical guide to selecting the materials, machinery and processes involved in microreplication using hot embossing techniques Compares different replication processes such as: micro injection molding, micro thermoforming, micro hot embossing, and nanoimprinting Details commercially available hot embossing machinery and components like tools and mold inserts
Download or read book Brain Computer Interfaces written by Jonathan Wolpaw and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recognizable surge in the field of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) research and development has emerged in the past two decades. This book is intended to provide an introduction to and summary of essentially all major aspects of BCI research and development. Its goal is to be a comprehensive, balanced, and coordinated presentation of the field's key principles, current practice, and future prospects.
Download or read book High Energy Neutron Detector written by Clyde Edward Wiegand and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the purpose of this paper to describe a neutron detector suitable for monitoring a flux of neutrons whose energy is greater than about 50 Mev. Detection of the neutrons is accomplished by their ability to induce fission in heavy elements. Kelly and Wiegand studied the neutron fission of Bi, Pb, Ti, Hg, Au, and Pt at various neutron energies and the presently described counter is an application of this work.
Download or read book The Earth s Ionosphere written by Michael Kelly and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics emphasizes the study of plasma physics and electrodynamics of the ionosphere, including many aeronomical influences. The ionosphere is somewhat of a battleground between the earth's neutral atmosphere and the sun's fully ionized atmosphere, in which the earth is embedded. One of the challenges of ionosphere research is to know enough about these two vast fields of research to make sense out of ionospheric phenomena. This book provides insights into how these competing sources of mass, momentum, and energy compete for control of the ionosphere. Some of the topics discussed include the fundamentals of ionospheric plasma dynamics; equatorial plasma instabilities; high-latitude electrodynamics; and instabilities and structure in the high-latitude ionosphere. Throughout this text only the region above 90 km are discussed, ignoring the D region entirely. This publication is a good source of information for students and individuals conducting research on earth’s ionosphere.
Download or read book Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells written by Horacio R. Corti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Materials, Performance, Durability and Applications begins with an introductory overview of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC); it focuses on the main goals and challenges in the areas of materials development, performance, and commercialization. The preparation and the properties of the anodic catalysts used for the oxidation of methanol, higher alcohols, and alcohol tolerant cathodes are then described. The membranes used as proton conductors in DAFC are examined, as well as alkaline membranes, focusing on the electrical conductivity and alcohol permeability. The use of different kinds of carbon materials as catalyst supports, gas diffusion layers, and current collectors in DAFC is also discussed. State of the art of the modeling is used to estimate performance and durability. The closing chapter reviews the use of DAFC in portable equipment and mobile devices and features a detailed discussion on the mechanisms of component degradation which limits their durability. This book is written to facilitate the understanding of DAFC technology, applications, and future challenges. It is an excellent introduction for electrochemical and material engineers interested in small fuel cells as portable energy sources, scientists focused on materials science for energy production and storage, as well as policy-makers in the area of renewable energies.
Download or read book Introduction to the Fast Multipole Method written by Victor Anisimov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to the Fast Multipole Method introduces the reader to the theory and computer implementation of the Fast Multipole Method. It covers the topics of Laplace’s equation, spherical harmonics, angular momentum, the Wigner matrix, the addition theorem for solid harmonics, and lattice sums for periodic boundary conditions, along with providing a complete, self-contained explanation of the math of the method, so that anyone having an undergraduate grasp of calculus should be able to follow the material presented. The authors derive the Fast Multipole Method from first principles and systematically construct the theory connecting all the parts. Key Features Introduces each topic from first principles Derives every equation presented, and explains each step in its derivation Builds the necessary theory in order to understand, develop, and use the method Describes the conversion from theory to computer implementation Guides through code optimization and parallelization
Download or read book Air Pollution Physical and Chemical Fundamentals written by John H. Seinfeld and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1975 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Networks of the Brain written by Olaf Sporns and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-12 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrative overview of network approaches to neuroscience explores the origins of brain complexity and the link between brain structure and function. Over the last decade, the study of complex networks has expanded across diverse scientific fields. Increasingly, science is concerned with the structure, behavior, and evolution of complex systems ranging from cells to ecosystems. In Networks of the Brain, Olaf Sporns describes how the integrative nature of brain function can be illuminated from a complex network perspective. Highlighting the many emerging points of contact between neuroscience and network science, the book serves to introduce network theory to neuroscientists and neuroscience to those working on theoretical network models. Sporns emphasizes how networks connect levels of organization in the brain and how they link structure to function, offering an informal and nonmathematical treatment of the subject. Networks of the Brain provides a synthesis of the sciences of complex networks and the brain that will be an essential foundation for future research.
Download or read book Turbulence in the Solar Wind written by Roberto Bruno and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of solar wind turbulence from both the theoretical and observational perspective. It argues that the interplanetary medium offers the best opportunity to directly study turbulent fluctuations in collisionless plasmas. In fact, during expansion, the solar wind evolves towards a state characterized by large-amplitude fluctuations in all observed parameters, which resembles, at least at large scales, the well-known hydrodynamic turbulence. This text starts with historical references to past observations and experiments on turbulent flows. It then introduces the Navier-Stokes equations for a magnetized plasma whose low-frequency turbulence evolution is described within the framework of the MHD approximation. It also considers the scaling of plasma and magnetic field fluctuations and the study of nonlinear energy cascades within the same framework. It reports observations of turbulence in the ecliptic and at high latitude, treating Alfvénic and compressive fluctuations separately in order to explain the transport of mass, momentum and energy during the expansion. Further, existing models are compared with direct observations in the heliosphere. The problem of self-similar and anomalous fluctuations in the solar wind is then addressed using tools provided by dynamical system theory and discussed on the basis of available models and observations. The book highlights observations of Yaglom’s law in solar wind turbulence, which is one of the most important findings in fully developed turbulence and directly related to the long-lasting and still unsolved problem of solar wind plasma heating. Lastly, it includes a short chapter dedicated to the kinetic range of fluctuations, which has recently been receiving more attention from the space plasma community, since this is inherently related to turbulent energy dissipation and consequent plasma heating. It particularly focuses on the nature and role of the fluctuations populating this frequency range, and discusses several model predictions and recent observational findings in this context.
