Download or read book Searching for Ultralight Dark Matter with Mechanical Sensors written by Jack Manley and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the ability of tabletop devices, primarily based on mechanical systems, to serve as detectors for ultralight dark matter.
Download or read book The Search for Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter written by Derek F. Jackson Kimball and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A host of astrophysical measurements suggest that most of the matter in the Universe is an invisible, nonluminous substance that physicists call “dark matter.” Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the greatest challenges of modern physics and is of paramount importance to our theories of cosmology and particle physics. This text explores one of the leading hypotheses to explain dark matter: that it consists of ultralight bosons forming an oscillating field that feebly interacts with light and matter. Many new experiments have emerged over the last decade to test this hypothesis, involving state-of-the-art microwave cavities, precision nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, dark matter “radios,” and synchronized global networks of atomic clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers. The editors have gathered leading experts from around the world to present the theories motivating these searches, evidence about dark matter from astrophysics, and the diverse experimental techniques employed in searches for ultralight bosonic dark matter. The text provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to this blossoming field of research for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, or anyone new to the field, with tutorials and solved problems in every chapter. The multifaceted nature of the research – combining ideas and methods from atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, electrical engineering, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology – makes this introductory approach attractive for beginning researchers as well as members of the broader scientific community. This is an open access book.
Download or read book Down to earth Dark Matter written by Saarik Kalia and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter, a component of our universe which is more than five times as abundant as the visible matter we are familiar with. Yet despite longstanding experimental efforts to search for non-gravitational interactions of dark matter, the detection of any such interactions has thus far eluded us. There has therefore arisen an interest within the field in novel methods to detect dark matter. In this thesis, I will outline two new methods which utilize Earth to detect two different types of dark matter. The first searches for an oscillating magnetic field signal of ultralight bosonic dark matter at the surface of the Earth. In analogy to existing cavity/shielded experiments searching for ultralight dark matter, the signal arises because the ground and ionosphere function as conducting cavity walls between which dark matter can source a magnetic field. Based on this effect, we undertake an analysis of global geomagnetic field data from the SuperMAG collaboration in order to set bounds on dark photon and axionlike dark matter parameter spaces. In the latter part of this thesis, I will discuss a proposal to use ancient rocks, dubbed paleo-detectors, as detectors for WIMP dark matter. Over the past O(100) Myr, WIMPs may have induced nuclear recoils within these minerals that disrupted their crystalline structure, leaving long-lived tracks that can be read out today with precision microscopy techniques. I will show that paleo-detectors can give unique sensitivity to dark matter substructure within the Milky Way. This is because paleo-detectors are not only sensitive to the local dark matter density near the Earth today, but also to the dark matter density along Earth's entire galactic trajectory over the lifetime of a paleo-detector.
Download or read book Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe written by David Cline and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings provide the latest results on dark matter and dark energy research. The UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy hosted its tenth Dark Matter and Dark Energy conference in Marina del Rey and brought together all the leaders in the field. The symposium provided a scientific forum for the latest discussions in the field. Topics covered at the symposium: •Status of measurements of the equation of state of dark energy and new experiments •The search for missing energy events at the LHC and implications for dark matter search •Theoretical calculations on all forms of dark matter (SUSY, axions, sterile neutrinos, etc.) •Status of the indirect search for dark matter •Status of the direct search for dark matter in detectors around the world •The low-mass wimp search region •The next generation of very large dark matter detectors •New underground laboratories for dark matter search
Download or read book Searches for Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter with Atomic Spectroscopy written by Xue Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantum Optics written by Pierre Meystre and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-24 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a thoroughly modern and highly pedagogical graduate-level introduction to quantum optics, a subject which has witnessed stunning developments in recent years and has come to occupy a central role in the 'second quantum revolution'. The reader is invited to explore the fundamental role that quantum optics plays in the control and manipulation of quantum systems, leading to ultracold atoms, circuit QED, quantum information science, quantum optomechanics, and quantum metrology. The building blocks of the subject are presented in a sequential fashion, starting from the simplest physical situations before moving to increasingly complicated ones. This pedagogically appealing approach leads to quantum entanglement and measurement theory being introduced early on and before more specialized topics such as cavity QED or laser cooling. The final chapter illustrates the power of scientific cross-fertilization by surveying cutting-edge applications of quantum optics and optomechanics in gravitational wave detection, tests of fundamental physics, searches for dark matter, geophysical monitoring, and ultraprecise clocks. Complete with worked examples and exercises, this book provides the reader with enough background knowledge and understanding to follow the current journal literature and begin producing their own original research.
Download or read book Search for Dark Matter with the LUX ZEPLIN Detector written by Cees Carels and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Search of Dark Matter written by Ken Freeman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-21 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for the educated non-scientist and scientist alike, it spans a variety of scientific disciplines, from observational astronomy to particle physics. Concepts that the reader will encounter along the way are at the cutting edge of scientific research. However the themes are explained in such a way that no prior understanding of science beyond a high school education is necessary.
Download or read book Ultralight Dark Matter Dynamics with an Absorbing Black Hole written by Ningyuan Lillian Guo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is an interesting alternative to the standard cold dark matter scenario that admits new physics on kiloparsec scales. In this scenario, dark matter particles have a mass m ~ O(1022 eV), and their dynamics is governed in the non-relativistic weak- eld limit by the Schr odinger-Poisson equation. Coherent "solitons" are predicted to form at the centre of dark matter halos. This thesis presents eigenvalue solutions to the Schr odinger-Poisson equation for purely self-gravitating ULDM, as well as ground state solutions (solitons) for the Schr odinger-Poisson equation with added external central potential, and with attractive ULDM self-interaction. Relationship between soliton density and black hole mass as well as soliton mass is explored. A new pseudospectral solver is then presented for the Schr odinger-Poisson equation under spherical symmetry. It is used to model a central black hole absorbing mass from the soliton by adding a localised imaginary potential, which can be tuned to the absorption model. This allows the rst qualitative dynamical simulations of solitons governed by the Schr odinger- Poisson equation loosing mass to a black hole. Due to a lack of a well-established theory for black hole absorption of ULDM, an empirical model is investigated, showing that it can lead to a range of dynamical behaviours. ULDM central density can change substantially as the black hole mass evolves, and the overall soliton lifetime may be a function of the dynamically changing pro le. A moderate absorption rate is found to be most e cient in removing mass from the soliton. With astrophysically relevant parameters, this code can serve as a valuable tool to understanding whether galactic-centre solitons are expected to have an observable contribution to the mass around supermassive black holes. The code can also be used to model dynamics of axion stars forming from heavier ULDM particles, and mass loss of solitons through e.g. axion-radiation conversion.
Download or read book Optimized Dark Matter Searches in Deep Observations of Segue 1 with MAGIC written by Jelena Aleksić and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the results of indirect dark matter searches in the gamma-ray sky of the near Universe, as seen by the MAGIC Telescopes. The author has proposed and led the 160 hours long observations of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Segue 1, which is the deepest survey of any such object by any Cherenkov telescope so far. Furthermore, she developed and completely characterized a new method, dubbed “Full Likelihood”, that optimizes the sensitivity of Cherenkov instruments for detection of gamma-ray signals of dark matter origin. Compared to the standard analysis techniques, this novel approach introduces a sensitivity improvement of a factor of two (i.e. it requires 4 times less observation time to achieve the same result). In addition, it allows a straightforward merger of results from different targets and/or detectors. By selecting the optimal observational target and combining its very deep exposure with the Full Likelihood analysis of the acquired data, the author has improved the existing MAGIC bounds to the dark matter properties by more than one order of magnitude. Furthermore, for particles more massive than a few hundred GeV, those are the strongest constraints from dwarf galaxies achieved by any gamma-ray instrument, both ground-based or space-borne alike.
Download or read book A Search for Wavelike Dark Matter with Dielectrically loaded Multimode Cavities written by Raphael Cervantes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter makes up 85% of the matter in the universe and 27% of its energy density, but we don’t know what comprises dark matter. There are several compelling candidates for dark matter that have wavelike properties, including axions and dark photons. Wavelike dark matter can be detected using ultra-sensitive microwave cavities. The ADMX experiment usesa cylindrical cavity operating at the fundamental mode to search for axions in the few [microelectronvolt] mass range. However, the ADMX search technique becomes increasingly challenging with increasing axion mass. This is because higher masses require smaller-diameter cavities, and a smaller cavity volume reduces the signal strength. Thus, there is interest in developing more sophisticated resonators to overcome this problem. The ADMX-Orpheus experiment uses a dielectric-loaded Fabry-Perot cavity to search for axions and dark photons with masses approaching 100 [microelectronvolts]. Orpheus maintains a large volume by operating at a higher-order mode, and the dielectrics shape the electric field so that the mode couples more strongly to the axion and dark photon. This thesis describes the development and commissioning of ADMX-Orpheus to search for dark photons with masses between 65.5 [microelectronvolts] and 69.3 [microelectronvolts]. This thesis includes motivation for why dielectric cavities are suitable for detecting axions and dark photons around 100 [microelectronvolts]; the design and characterization of such a cavity, including the resonant frequency, quality factor, and detection volume of the mode of interest; the mechanical design, electronics, and data acquisition system for the Orpheus experiment; the inaugural search for dark photons 65.5 [microelectronvolts] and 69.3 [microelectronvolts]; and the resulting excluded parameter space; plans for upgrading Orpheus to search for axions in a similar mass range.
Download or read book New Frontiers In Fields And Strings Tasi 2015 Proceedings Of The 2015 Theoretical Advanced Study Institute In Elementary Particle Physics written by Joseph Polchinski and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a compilation of lectures delivered at the TASI 2015 summer school, 'New Frontiers in Fields and Strings', held at the University of Colorado Boulder in June 2015. The school focused on topics in theoretical physics of interest to contemporary researchers in quantum field theory and string theory. The lectures are accessible to graduate students in the initial stages of their research careers.
Download or read book Seismic Ambient Noise written by Nori Nakata and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of seismic ambient noise, covering observations, physical origins, modelling, processing methods and applications in imaging and monitoring.
Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Download or read book Neutrino Mass written by Guido Altarelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-02-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the current state of knowledge of neutrino masses and the related question of neutrino oscillations. After an overview of the theory of neutrino masses and mixings, detailed accounts are given of the laboratory limits on neutrino masses, astrophysical and cosmological constraints on those masses, experimental results on neutrino oscillations, the theoretical interpretation of those results, and theoretical models of neutrino masses and mixings. The book concludes with an examination of the potential of long-baseline experiments. This is an essential reference text for workers in elementary-particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics.
Download or read book Triboelectric Nanogenerators written by Zhong Lin Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-17 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces an innovative and high-efficiency technology for mechanical energy harvesting. The book covers the history and development of triboelectric nanogenerators, basic structures, working principles, performance characterization, and potential applications. It is divided into three parts: Part A illustrates the fundamental working modes of triboelectric nanogenerators with their prototype structures and theoretical analysis; Part B and Part C introduce two categories of applications, namely self-powered systems and self-powered active sensors. The book will be an ideal guide to scientists and engineers beginning to study triboelectric nanogenerators or wishing to deepen their knowledge of the field. Readers will be able to place the technical details about this technology in context, and acquire the necessary skills to reproduce the experimental setups for fabrication and measurement.
Download or read book Manipulating Quantum Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-09-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science.
