Download or read book Search for Efficiency in the Adjustment Process written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-02-26 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the main features of Spain's recent adjustment effort and assesses its impact on the overall economic situation. It provides a brief historical background on Spain's economic development from 1960 to the early 1980s. The chapter also discusses the authorities' stance on monetary and fiscal policy and examines the role of exchange rate policy in the recovery of the external accounts. The progress in the fiscal area would appear to have been less satisfactory when viewed in terms of the size of the nonfinancial deficit, which over 1982–1986 hovered about 5.5 percent of gross domestic product. The government's medium-term economic strategy is to consolidate the recent gains by maintaining the economy on a path of noninflation growth. Monetary policy is likely to continue to play an active role in this process, as was made clear in early 1987 when the Bank of Spain tightened its stance significantly in response to the buoyancy of domestic demand and the concomitant expansion of private sector credit.

Download or read book The Left s Dirty Job written by W. Rand Smith and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Left's Dirty Job compares the experiences of recent socialist governments in France and Spain, examining how the governments of Francois Mitterrand (1981-1995) and Felipe Gonzalez (1982-1996) provide a key test of whether a leftist approach to industrial restructuring is possible. This study argues that, in fact, both governments's policies generally resembled those of other European governments in their emphasis on market-adapting measures that eliminated thousands of jobs while providing income support for displaced workers. Featuring extensive field work and interviews with over one hundred political, labor, and business leaders, this study is the first systematic comparison of these important socialist governments.

Download or read book Methodologies of Pattern Recognition written by Satosi Watanabe and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodologies of Pattern Recognition is a collection of papers that deals with the two approaches to pattern recognition (geometrical and structural), the Robbins-Monro procedures, and the implications of interactive graphic computers for pattern recognition methodology. Some papers describe non-supervised learning in statistical pattern recognition, parallel computation in pattern recognition, and statistical analysis as a tool to make patterns emerge from data. One paper points out the importance of cluster processing in visual perception in which proximate points of similar brightness values form clusters. At higher levels of mental activity humans are efficient in clumping complex items into clusters. Another paper suggests a recognition method which combines versatility and an efficient noise-proofness in dealing with the two main problems in the field of recognition. These difficulties are the presence of a large variety of observed signals and the presence of interference. One paper reports on a possible feature selection for pattern recognition systems employing the minimization of population entropy. Electronic engineers, physicists, physiologists, psychologists, logicians, mathematicians, and philosophers will find great rewards in reading the above collection.

Download or read book Specificity and the Macroeconomics of Restructuring written by Ricardo J. Caballero and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal that the notion of specificity -- the idea that factors of production are not interchangeable -- can provide a unified framework to analyze and understand a wide variety of macroeconomic phenomena stemming from the transactional environment and microeconomic restructuring. The core mechanism that drives economic growth in modern market economies is massive microeconomic restructuring and factor reallocation -- the Schumpeterian "creative destruction" by which new technologies replace the old. At the microeconomic level, restructuring is characterized by countless decisions to create and destroy production arrangements. The efficiency of these decisions depends in large part on the existence of sound institutions that provide a proper transactional environment. In this groundbreaking book, Ricardo Caballero proposes a unified framework to analyze and understand a wide variety of macroeconomic phenomena stemming from limitations, especially institutional, that hinder these adjustments. Caballero argues that macroeconomic models need to be made more "structural" in a precise sense and can not be maintained on the assumption that decisions are fully flexible. What is needed, he proposes, is the notion of specificity -- the idea that factors of production are not freely interchangeable. Many of the major macroeconomic developments of recent decades, he argues, fit naturally into this perspective, including the transition problems of Eastern Europe, the heavy weight of labor regulations in Western Europe, the emerging market crises of the 1990s, the prolonged expansion of the U.S. economy, and Japan's stagnation following the collapse of its real estate bubble. After describing the basic arguments of the book and developing models to illustrate two different kinds of specificity (relationship specificity and technological specificity), Caballero analyzes a variety of aspects of inefficient restructuring and revisits perennial business cycle patterns such as the cyclical behavior of unemployment, investment, and wages. Finally, he looks at the endogenous response of political institutions and technology to opportunistic exploitation of relationship specificity. Economists working on macroeconomics, development, growth, labor, and productivity issues will find Caballero's conceptual framework applicable to phenomena in their fields.

Download or read book Fiscal Policy Economic Adjustment and Financial Markets written by Mr.Mario Monti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-06-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by Mario Monti, this volume contains the proceedings of a seminar that was held in Milan at the Centre for Financial and Monetary Economics, Universitá Luigi Bocconi. Participants included government officials, academicians, and economists; they provide a many-faceted view of fiscal policy at the domestic level and in the broader context of international policy coordination.

Download or read book Consumer Optimization Problem Solving written by Alfred L Norman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What algorithms are tractable depends on the speed of the processor. Given the speed of digital computers, polynomial algorithms are considered tractable. But, a human can take several seconds to make one binary comparison between two pens. Given this slow speed, sublinear algorithms are considered tractable for an unaided human and this defines Simon's concept of bounded rationality.Humans make simplifications to solve the intractable consumer optimization problem. Consumers search for goods and services item-by-item, which greatly reduces the number of alternatives to consider. In addition, consumers have operators that can process a set in a single operation. Also, consumers budget by incremental adjustment.In considering consumer performance the question to ask is how close to optimal is consumer performance and not whether consumers optimize as a yes/no question. Given the ordinal nature of utility theory this creates a basic measurement problem. The book presents a review of the literature on consumer performance.This is an opportune time to study consumer procedures because the Internet provides a media to make substantial improvements in consumer performance. The book includes a case study comparing the performance of a digital camera selection code with the advice of sales people. A field experiment demonstrates that the software code provides better advice.

Download or read book Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering written by Hsiang-Chuan Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume brings together some 189 peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, held 27-28 August 2013, in Hong Kong, China. Specific topics under consideration include Control, Robotics, and Automation, Information Technology, Intelligent Computing and

Download or read book Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Evaluation and Demonstration Projects written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research and Development Projects written by United States. Employment and Training Administration and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Complex Networks of Economic Interactions written by Akira Namatame and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the mechanism of a socio-economic system requires more than an understanding of the individuals that comprise the system. It also requires understanding how individuals interact with each other, and how the agg- gated outcome can be more than the sum of individual behaviors. This book contains the papers fostering the formation of an active multi-disciplinary community on socio-economic systems with the exciting new ?elds of age- based modeling and econophysics. We especially intend to increase the awareness of researchers in many ?elds with sharing the common view many economic and social activities as collectives of a large-scale heterogeneous and interacting agents. Economists seek to understand not only how individuals behave but also how the interaction of many individuals leads to complex outcomes. Age- based modeling is a method for studying socio-economic systems exhibiting the following two properties: (1) the system is composed of interacting agents, and (2) the system exhibits emergent properties, that is, properties arising from the interactions of the agents that cannot be deduced simply by agg- gating the properties of the system’s components. When the interaction of the agents is contingent on past experience, and especially when the agents continually adapt to that experience, mathematical analysis is typically very limited in its ability to derive the outcome.

Download or read book Intelligent Information and Database Systems written by Ngoc Thanh Nguyen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-23 with total page 845 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set LNAI 10191 and 10192 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, ACIIDS 2017, held in Kanazawa, Japan, in April 2017. The total of 152 full papers accepted for publication in these proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 420 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web; Social Networks and Recommender Systems; Text Processing and Information Retrieval; Intelligent Database Systems; Intelligent Information Systems; Decision Support and Control Systems; Machine Learning and Data Mining; Computer Vision Techniques; Advanced Data Mining Techniques and Applications; Intelligent and Context Systems; Multiple Model Approach to Machine Learning; Applications of Data Science; Artificial Intelligence Applications for E-services; Automated Reasoning and Proving Techniques with Applications in Intelligent Systems; Collective Intelligence for Service Innovation, Technology Opportunity, E-Learning and Fuzzy Intelligent Systems; Intelligent Computer Vision Systems and Applications; Intelligent Data Analysis, Applications and Technologies for Internet of Things; Intelligent Algorithms and Brain Functions; Intelligent Systems and Algorithms in Information Sciences; IT in Biomedicine; Intelligent Technologies in the Smart Cities in the 21st Century; Analysis of Image, Video and Motion Data in Life Sciences; Modern Applications of Machine Learning for Actionable Knowledge Extraction; Mathematics of Decision Sciences and Information Science; Scalable Data Analysis in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Informatics; and Technological Perspective of Agile Transformation in IT organizations.

Download or read book The Structure and Evolution of Recent U S Trade Policy written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trade policies addressed in this book have far-reaching effects on the world's increasingly interdependent economies, but until now little research has been devoted to them. This volume represents the first systematic effort to analyze specific U.S. trade policies, particularly nontariff measures. It provides a better understanding of how trade policies operate, how effective they are, and what their costs and benefits are to trading nations. The contributors chart the history of U.S. trade policy since World War II, analyze industry-specific trade barriers, and discuss the effects of tariff preferences and export-promoting policies such as export credits and domestic international sales corporations (DISCs). The final section of essays examines the worldwide impact of import policies, pointing out subtleties in industry-specific policies and providing insight into the levels of protection in developing countries. The contributors blend state-of-the-art economics with language that is accessible to the business community, economists, and policymakers. Commentaries accompany each paper.

Download or read book Comprehensive Materials Processing written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 5485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Materials Processing, Thirteen Volume Set provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource consolidating and enhancing the literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Assisting scientists and engineers in the selection, design, and use of materials, whether in the lab or in industry, it matches the adaptive complexity of emergent materials and processing technologies. Extensive traditional article-level academic discussion of core theories and applications is supplemented by applied case studies and advanced multimedia features. Coverage encompasses the general categories of solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing, and includes discussion on plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Authored and reviewed by world-class academic and industrial specialists in each subject field Practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information in one place with integrated applets linking to relevant outside sources

Download or read book Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence written by Mounîm El Yacoubi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, ICPRAI 2022, which took place in Paris, France, in June 2022. The 98 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 192 submissions. The papers present new advances in the field of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. They are organized in topical sections as follows: pattern recognition; computer vision; artificial intelligence; big data.

Download or read book Trade and Structural Adjustment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005-05-02 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International competition, accelerating technological change and shifting societal concerns are important drivers of structural change, both within and across firms, industries and regions. As well as bringing undoubted opportunities, structural ...

Download or read book Public Entrepreneurship Citizenship and Self Governance written by Paul Dragos Aligica and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the work of Nobel Prize in Economics winner Elinor Ostrom, the book revisits the theory of political self-governance in the context of recent developments in social sciences and political philosophy. Aligica presents a fresh conceptualization of self-governance as a response to cutting-edge challenges of populism, paternalism and authoritarianism.