Download or read book Seafloor Mapping of the Atlantic Ocean written by Pål Buhl-Mortensen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seafloor Mapping of the Atlantic Ocean by GMT written by Polina Lemenkova and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study presents the insights of the tectonic development and geological settings of the Atlantic Ocean supported by cartographic visualization in Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The aim is to study geologic situation and trends in the tectonic development of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Atlantic Ocean seafloor. The objective is to find out impact of various factors (such as volcanic, tectonic, hydrothermal and sedimentary processes) that sculpt seafloor geomorphology, and correlation between early history of crust formation, geological processes and present submarine landforms. Other assignments in this work refer to mutual comparison of raster grids on sedimentation, topography, geology, seafloor fabric and highlighting similarities among the landforms and sediment thickness. Asymmetry in crustal accretion is explained by the tectonic history of the lithosphere formation. Correlation between plate subduction and development of the submarine landforms is explained by the Earth's crust extension resulting in formation of cracks, elongations, faults, rifts. Ocean seafloor geomorphology is shaped by a variety of factors that impact its form at different scales. These drivers (tectonic evolution, oceanic currents, hydrology, sedimentation) have effects on geomorphic landforms of the seafloor in context of historic geological development and during Quaternary. Technical part of this work was performed by GMT scripting toolset with all maps plotted in American polyconic projection. The results are received by overlay, cartographic analysis and synthesis of the multi-source geodata through mapping and interpreting grids (ETOPO1, EGM96, GlobSed, crustal age). This work contributes to expand the knowledge on geological and tectonic development of the Atlantic Ocean seabed in order to complete the view of its submarine geomorphology.
Download or read book Exploring and Mapping the Seafloor Arctic Ocean seafloor Map Atlantic Ocean seafloor Map written by National Geographic Society. Cartographic Division and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ocean Floor written by Bruce C. Heezen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1982 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chichester ; New York : Wiley, c1982.
Download or read book Upheaval from the Abyss written by David M. Lawrence and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not some eldrich Lovecrafted monster or high-tech Hollywood virtual creation, nor even de-hibernating earth itself has made the most impact when it rose from the ocean depths, says Lawrence, a freelance journalist with a background in biology and geology. It has been the theories of the geological history of the plant. He narrates the development of the theory of plate tectonics from its continental- drift larval stage to its mainstream triumph in the later 1960s. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat written by Peter Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This book provides a synthesis of seabed geomorphology and benthic habitats based on the most recent, up-to-date information. Case studies from around the world are presented.
Download or read book Ocean Maps written by Julia Wall and published by Teacher Created Materials. This book was released on 2009-05-14 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about ocean maps and the concepts surrounding coordinate planes as Ocean Maps explores geography under the sea, early and current navigation practices, and the variety of ways the ocean can be mapped such as sonar, submersibles, and satellites.
Download or read book Prioritizing Areas for Future Seafloor Mapping Research and Exploration for the Southeast U S Atlantic Coast written by Christine A. Buckel and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Floors of the Oceans V1 written by Bruce C. Heezen and published by . This book was released on 2012-07-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text To Accompany The Physiographic Diagram Of The North Atlantic. The Geological Society Of America Special Paper, No. 65.
Download or read book Solving the Puzzle Under the Sea written by Robert Burleigh and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-01-05 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This illustrated biography shares the story of female scientist, Marie Tharp, a pioneering woman scientist and the first person to ever successfully map the ocean floor"--
Download or read book Mapping the Deep The Extraordinary Story of Ocean Science written by Robert Kunzig and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2000-10-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vivid tour of the Earth's last frontier, a remote and mysterious realm that nonetheless lies close to the heart of even the most land-locked reader. The sea covers seven-tenths of the Earth, but we have mapped only a small percentage of it. The sea contains millions of species of animals and plants, but we have identified only a few thousand of them. The sea controls our planet's climate, but we do not really understand how. The sea is still the frontier, and yet it seems so familiar that we sometimes forget how little we know about it. Just as we are poised on the verge of exploiting the sea on an unprecedented scale—mining it, fertilizing it, fishing it out—this book reminds us of how much we have yet to learn. More than that, it chronicles the knowledge explosion that has transformed our view of the sea in just the past few decades, and made it a far more interesting and accessible place. From the Big Bang to that far-off future time, two billion years from now, when our planet will be a waterless rock; from the lush crowds of life at seafloor hot springs to the invisible, jewel-like plants that float at the sea surface; from the restless shifting of the tectonic plates to the majestic sweep of the ocean currents, Kunzig's clear and lyrical prose transports us to the ends of the Earth. Originally published in hardcover as The Restless Sea.
Download or read book The Morphostructure of the Atlantic Ocean Floor written by V.M. Litvin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the topography and structure of the ocean floor is one of the most important stages in ascertaining the geological structure and history of development of the Earth's oceanic crust. This, in its turn, provides a means for purposeful, scientifically-substantiated prospecting, exploration and development of the mineral resources of the ocean. The Atlantic Ocean has been geologically and geophysically studied to a great extent and many years of investigating its floor have revealed the laws governing the structure of the major forms of its submarine relief (e. g. , the continental shelf, the continental slope, the transition zones, the ocean bed, and the Mid-Oceanic Ridge). The basic features of the Earth's oceanic crust structure, anomalous geophysical fields, and the thickness and structure of its sedimentary cover have also been studied. Based on the investigations of the Atlantic Ocean floor and its surrounding continents, the presently prevalent concept of new global tectonics has appeared. A great number of works devoted to the results of geomorphological, geolog ical, and geophysical studies of the Atlantic Ocean floor have appeared. In the U. S. S. R. , such summarizing works as The Geomorphology of the Atlantic Ocean Floor [34], Types of Bottom Sediments of the Atlantic Ocean [24], The Geology of the Atlantic Ocean [38], and, somewhat earlier, Geophysical Studies of the Earth's Crust Structure in the Atlantic Ocean [13], have been published.
Download or read book Novel Approaches to Seafloor Mapping in the Northwest Atlantic written by Meghan Troup and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although oceans cover nearly three-quarters of the earth, studies estimate that only a fraction of the seafloor has been mapped at a resolution higher than 1km2. On the continental shelf and in nearshore regions, there are significant gaps in information about the seafloor, including sediment and habitat distribution data. Surveying frequently in these regions can be costly, dangerous, and inefficient without the use of uncrewed vehicles. Furthermore, the cost of surveying infrequently is a lack of understanding geophysical or ecological dynamics and processes in these environments. In this thesis, novel uncrewed vehicles are utilized to evaluate whether the data they collect could be used to increase the resolution or accuracy of maps. The design, construction, and testing of an autonomous hovercraft are outlined in Chapter 2. The hovercraft's autonomy was tested via four autonomous flight paths and the desired path was compared to both the observed heading and direction of motion. Although the accuracy is variable, most headings and direction of motion of the hovercraft were within 50 degrees of the desired direction. The hovercraft was then used to map an eelgrass bed in Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia in Chapter 3. Eelgrass was identified visually through sonar imagery and analytically through a classification algorithm. The eelgrass bed was thickest close to the shore of the tidal flat in the very shallow subtidal/intertidal zone and became patchier with deeper water further from the shore. In Chapter 4 seafloor returns from a glider-mounted single-beam echo sounder were used to create maps of the surficial sediment in Roseway Basin. While these gliders are typically deployed to track whales and copepod distributions in the water column, the backscatter from seafloor returns has not yet been used for ground discrimination. Effective scattering coefficients and density-based clustering were used to characterize the surficial sediment, and these results agreed with other seafloor datasets. Each of the chapters in this thesis describes a novel way of using uncrewed data collection platforms for seafloor mapping. By creatively utilizing data collected by these platforms, spatial or temporal gaps created from infrequent monitoring could be filled, which can strengthen our understanding of coastal and shelf waters.
Download or read book Soundings written by Hali Felt and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2013-07-02 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Her maps of the ocean floor have been called "one of the most remarkable achievements in modern cartography", yet no one knows her name. Soundings is the story of the enigmatic, unknown woman behind one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. Before Marie Tharp, geologist and gifted draftsperson, the whole world, including most of the scientific community, thought the ocean floor was a vast expanse of nothingness. In 1948, at age 28, Marie walked into the newly formed geophysical lab at Columbia University and practically demanded a job. The scientists at the lab were all male; the women who worked there were relegated to secretary or assistant. Through sheer willpower and obstinacy, Marie was given the job of interpreting the soundings (records of sonar pings measuring the ocean's depths) brought back from the ocean-going expeditions of her male colleagues. The marriage of artistry and science behind her analysis of this dry data gave birth to a major work: the first comprehensive map of the ocean floor, which laid the groundwork for proving the then-controversial theory of continental drift. When combined, Marie's scientific knowledge, her eye for detail and her skill as an artist revealed not a vast empty plane, but an entire world of mountains and volcanoes, ridges and rifts, and a gateway to the past that allowed scientists the means to imagine how the continents and the oceans had been created over time. Just as Marie dedicated more than twenty years of her professional life to what became the Lamont Geological Observatory, engaged in the task of mapping every ocean on Earth, she dedicated her personal life to her great friendship with her co-worker, Bruce Heezen. Partners in work and in many ways, partners in life, Marie and Bruce were devoted to one another as they rose to greater and greater prominence in the scientific community, only to be envied and finally dismissed by their beloved institute. They went on together, refining and perfecting their work and contributing not only to humanity's vision of the ocean floor, but to the way subsequent generations would view the Earth as a whole. With an imagination as intuitive as Marie's, brilliant young writer Hali Felt brings to vivid life the story of the pioneering scientist whose work became the basis for the work of others scientists for generations to come.
Download or read book The Floors of the Oceans I The North Atlantic written by Bruce C. Heezen, Marie Tharp, and Maurice Ewing and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1959 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Deepest Map written by Laura Trethewey and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Should be required reading. . . . A gripping and all-too-timely account of what in more ways than one is turning out to be a very costly and questionably necessary race to the bottom. . . . Trethewey rises to the occasion here, relating in absorbing detail the ebb and flow of conflicting interests that tussle down among the vents and ridges of the hadal zone. It is all highly readable, and it is all deeply ominous.”—Simon Winchester, New York Times Book Review ?The dramatic and action-packed story of the last mysterious place on earth—the world’s seafloor—and the deep-sea divers, ocean mappers, marine biologists, entrepreneurs, and adventurers involved in the historic push to chart it, as well as the opportunities, challenges, and perils this exploration holds now and for the future. Five oceans—the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Indian, the Arctic, and the Southern—cover approximately 70 percent of the earth. Yet we know little about what lies beneath them. By the early 2020s, less than twenty-five percent of the ocean’s floor has been charted, most close to shorelines, and over three quarters of the ocean lies in in what is called the Deep Sea, depths below a thousand meters. Now, the race is on to completely map the ocean’s floor by 2030—an epic project involving scientists, investors, militaries, and private explorers who are cooperating and competing to get an accurate reading of this vast terrain and understand its contours and environment. In The Deepest Map, Laura Trethewey documents this race to the bottom, following global efforts around the world, from crowdsourcing to advances in technology, recent scientific discoveries to tales of dangerous dives in untested and costly submersibles. The lure of ocean exploration has attracted many, including the likes of James Cameron, Richard Branson, Ray Dalio, and Eric Schmidt. The Deepest Map follows a cast of intriguing characters, from early mappers such as Marie Tharp, a woman working in the male-dominated fields of oceanography and geology whose discoveries have added significantly to our knowledge; Victor Vescovo, a man obsessed with reaching the deepest depths of each of the five oceans, and his young, brilliant, and fearless mapper Cassie Bongiovanni; and the diverse entrepreneurs looking to explore and exploit this uncharted territory and its resources. In The Deepest Map, ocean discovery converges with humanity's origin story; in mapping the ocean floor, scientists are actively tracing our roots back to the most inhospitable places on earth where life began—and flourished. But for every conservationist looking to protect the seafloor, there are others who see its commercial potential. Will a new map exacerbate pollution and the degradation of this natural resource? How will the race remake political power structures in years to come? Trethewey probes these questions as countries and conglomerates wrestle over the riches that may lie at the bottom of the sea. The future of humanity depends on our ability to protect this vast, precious, and often ignored resource. A true tale of science, nature, technology, and an extreme outdoor adventure The Deepest Map illuminates why we love—and fear—the earth’s final frontier and is a crucial addition to the increasingly urgent conversation about climate change.
Download or read book The Geography of the Ocean written by Anne-Flore Laloë and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the fact that the vast majority of the earth’s surface is made up of oceans, there has been surprisingly little work by geographers which critically examines the ocean-space and our knowledge and perceptions of it. This book employs a broad conceptual and methodological framework to analyse specific events that have contributed to the production of geographical knowledge about the ocean. These include, but are not limited to, Christopher Columbus’ first transatlantic journey, the mapping of nonexistent islands, the establishment of transoceanic trade routes, the discovery of largescale water movements, the HMS Challenger expedition, the search for the elusive Terra Australis Incognita, the formulation of the theory of continental drift and the mapping of the seabed. Using a combination of original, empirical (archival, material and cartographic), and theoretical sources, this book uniquely brings together fascinating narratives throughout history to produce a representation and mapping of geographical oceanic knowledge. It questions how we know what we know about the oceans and how this knowledge is represented and mapped. The book then uses this representation and mapping as a way to coherently trace the evolution of oceanic spatial awareness. In recent years, particularly in historical geography, discovering and knowing the ocean-space has been a completely separate enterprise from discovering and colonising the lands beyond it. There has been such focus on studying colonised lands, yet the oceans between them have been neglected. This book gives the geographical ocean a voice to be acknowledged as a space where history, geography and indeed historical geography took place.
