Download or read book Sea Surface Sound written by B.R. Kerman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its relentless pursuit of further knowledge, science tends to compartmentalize. Over the years the pursuit of What might be called geophysical acoustics of the sea-surface has languished. This has occured even through there are well-developed and active research programs in underwater acoustics, ocean hydrodynamics, cloud and precipitation physics, and ice mechanics - to name a few - as well as a history of engineering expertise built on these scientific fields. It remained to create a convergence, a dialogue across disciplines, of mutual benefit. The central theme of the Lerici workshop, perhaps overly simplified, was 'What are the mechanisms causing ambient noise at the upper surface of the ocean?' What could hydrodynamicists contribute to a better understanding of breaking wave dynamics, bubble production, ocean wave dynamics, or near-surface turbulence for the benefit of the underwater acoustics community? What further insights could fluid dynamicists gain by including acoustic measurements in their repertoire of instrumentation? While every attendee will have his or her percep tions of details, it was universally agreed that a valuable step had been taken to bring together two mature disciplines and that significant co-operative studies would undoubtedly follow. The scope of the workshop was enlarged beyond its original intent to also include the question of ice-noise generation. The success of this decision can be seen in high quality of the presentations. the contribution of its disciples in the other workshop discussions and the heightened awareness and interest of we other novices.
Download or read book Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound written by B.R. Kerman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To place this book in perspective it is useful for the reader to be aware of the recent history of the topic of underwater sound generation at the ocean surface by natural mechanisms. A meeting in Lerici, Italy in 1987 was convened within the NATO Advanced Research Workshop series, to bring together underwater acousticians and ocean hydrodynamicists to examine various mechanisms which generate sound naturally at the ocean surface. A record of that meeting was published in the NATO scientific publication series in 1988 under the title 'Sea Surface Sound'. That meeting was successful in inspiring and co ordinating both participants and non-attending colleagues to examine some key issues which were raised during the course of presentations and discussions. The understanding among those present was that another meeting should be convened 3 years hence to report and review progress in the subject. Accordingly the second conference was convened in Cambridge in 1990, whose proceedings are presented here. This volume represents a very gratifying increase in only a 3 year interval in our understanding of a number of physical processes which generate sound at the peripheries of oceans. In fact it represents both the acceleration of singular effort as well as the development of interdisciplinary sophistication and co-operation. The enthusiasm, goodwill, and intense scientific curiosity which characterized the Lerici meeting carried through to Cambridge. The collegial atmosphere established by the participants was perfectly timed to foster another major advance in studies of ocean surface sound.
Download or read book Ambient Noise in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sound Images of the Ocean written by Peter Wille and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-14 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound Images of the Ocean is the first comprehensive overview of acoustic imaging applications in the various fields of marine research, utilization, surveillance, and protection. The book employs 400 sound images of the sea floor and of processes in the sea volume, contributed by more than 120 marine experts from 22 nations.
Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
Download or read book Sound Propagation in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Surface Sound 94 Proceedings Of The Iii International Meeting On Natural Physical Processes Related To Sea Surface Sound written by Michael J Buckingham and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-01-11 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and constructively using natural sound in the ocean has become of prime importance with the shift of emphasis to protecting the environment and exercising responsible global resource management which has followed the end of the Cold War. Especially now that we realise that marine mammals and other inhabitants of the oceans are threatened by our acoustic pollution of their environment, the use of natural sound as a non-intrusive remote sensing probe has become particularly germane. This was the first meeting on the subject since the fall of Soviet-Western barriers, and the proceedings include significant work from premier researchers in the former Soviet Union. It was also the first meeting which specifically addressed the new and exciting idea of using natural sound in applications for monitoring the marine environment. The proceedings include a number of papers on various aspects of this topic. Further new work on the basic physics of sound production and propagation is also included. This volume includes leading-edge work from the foremost researchers in the field, including Bill Carey, Lawrence Crum, Nikolai Dubrovskii, David Farmer, Brian Kerman, Bill Kuperman, Michael Longuet-Higgins, Hank Medwin, Ken Melville, A Prosperetti and many others.
Download or read book Sound Images of the Ocean written by Peter Wille and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound Images of the Ocean is the first comprehensive overview of acoustic imaging applications in the various fields of marine research, utilization, surveillance, and protection. The book employs 400 sound images of the sea floor and of processes in the sea volume, contributed by more than 120 marine experts from 22 nations.
Download or read book Sounds in the Sea written by Herman Medwin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-21 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics written by L. Brekhovskikh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continents of our planet have already been exploited to a great extent. Therefore man is turning his sight to the vast spaciousness of the ocean whose resources - mineral, biological, energetic, and others - are just beginning to be used. The ocean is being intensively studied. Our notions about the dynam ics of ocean waters and their role in forming the Earth's climate as well as about the structure of the ocean bottom have substantially changed during the last two decades. An outstanding part in this accelerated exploration of the ocean is played by ocean acoustics. Only sound waves can propagate in water over large distances. Practically all kinds of telemetry, communication, location, and re mote sensing of water masses and the ocean bottom use sound waves. Propa gating over thousands of kilometers in the ocean, they bring information on earthquakes, eruptions of volcanoes, and distant storms. Projects using acoustical tomography systems for exploration of the ocean are presently be ing developed. Each of these systems will allow us to determine the three-di mensional structure of water masses in regions as large as millions of square kilometers.
Download or read book Ocean Ambient Noise written by William M. Carey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph develops the theory of noise mechanisms and measurements, and describes general noise characteristics and computational methods. The vast ambient noise literature is concisely summarized using theory combined with key representative results. The air sea boundary interaction zone is described in terms of nondimensional variables requisite for future experiments. Noise field coherency, rare directional measurements, and unique basin scale computations and methods are presented. The use of satellite measurements in these basin scale models is demonstrated. A series of appendices provides in-depth mathematical treatments which will be of interest to graduate students and active researchers.
Download or read book The Sea Surface as a Random Filter for Underwater Sound Waves written by Leonard Fortuin and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Surface Sound 94 written by Michael J. Buckingham and published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 1995 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of natural ocean noise -- Wind and precipitation noise -- Breaking waves -- Bubbles -- Spatial/temporal characteristics of natural ocean noise -- Ice noise
Download or read book Tables of Sound Speed in Sea Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ambient Noise in the Sea written by Robert J. Urick and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient noise may be loosely said to be unwanted sound emanating from the sea itself. Its constituents typically come from a variety of somewhat diffusely combined sources: pressure changes and hydrostatic effects of tides and waves, oceanic turbulence, seismic disturbances, distant ship traffic, wind, rainfall, collapse of bubbles created by wave action, thermal agitation, marine animals and biological activity, breaking ice, and man-made noise such as distant oil rigs. Depending on locations in the ocean space, the times of day, season and year, and the happenstance of events and nature, the aforecited sources may or may not be contribute to the totality of ambient noise at any given time and place; and it may or may not exist as broad or narrow bands of energy in different regions of the frequency spectrum. More exactly defined, ambient noise is that part of the total noise background observed by an omnidirectional hydrophone in the sea which is: (1) not due to the hydrophone system's self-noise such as the noise of current flow around the measurement hydrophone and all forms of electrical noise; ambient noise is independent of the means used to observe it; and (2) not due to other identifiable localized sources of noise. Ambient noise is what is "left over" after all identifiable noise sources are accounted for. Ambient noise is an especially important consideration in detecting and identifying targets - be the targets submarines, underwater vehicles, floating mines, or fish-- in relatively quiet ocean environments and situations. In the case of active sonar, ambient noise typically becomes the dominant background against which the sonar receiver is trying to detect, and possibly identify, targets in the ocean space (not addressing search of the ocean floor) when it is greater than self noise and after the relatively loud reverberation noise created by the active sonar pings has died down in the sonar cycle. In the case of passive sonar, after taking into account self noise and possible extraneous noise from identifiable sources, ambient noise is the background against which the sonar receiver seeks to detect and identify targets. This book, AMBIENT NOISE IN THE SEA by Robert Urick, summarizes the main features of the ambient noise and gives the reader an easy to read, understandable entry in to its unclassified literature. This book is a must for engineers in the fields of active and passive sonars, underwater sensor and weapons systems, and underwater signal processing.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography written by Herman Medwin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-11-05 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The developments in the field of ocean acoustics over recent years make this book an important reference for specialists in acoustics, oceanography, marine biology, and related fields. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography also encourages a new generation of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to apply the modern methods of acoustical physics to probe the unknown sea. The book is an authoritative, modern text with examples and exercises. It contains techniques to solve the direct problems, solutions of inverse problems, and an extensive bibliography from the earliest use of sound in the sea to present references.Written by internationally recognized scientists, the book provides background to measure ocean parameters and processes, find life and objects in the sea, communicate underwater, and survey the boundaries of the sea. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography explains principles of underwater sound propagation, and describes how both actively probing sonars and passively listening hydrophones can reveal what the eye cannot see over vast ranges of the turbid ocean. This book demonstrates how to use acoustical remote sensing, variations in sound transmission, in situ acoustical measurements, and computer and laboratory models to identify the physical and biological parameters and processes in the sea.* Offers an integrated, modern approach to passive and active underwater acoustics* Contains many examples of laboratory scale models of ocean-acoustic environments, as well as descriptions of experiments at sea* Covers remote sensing of marine life and the seafloor* Includes signal processing of ocean sounds, physical and biological noises at sea, and inversions* resents sound sources, receivers, and calibration* Explains high intensities; explosive waves, parametric sources, cavitation, shock waves, and streaming* Covers microbubbles from breaking waves, rainfall, dispersion, and attenuation* Describes sound propagation along ray paths and caustics* Presents sound transmissions and normal mode methods in ocean waveguides
Download or read book Sound Propagation Over a Sea Surface written by Robert Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
