Download or read book Screening and Interventions to Prevent Dental Caries in Children Younger Than Age Five Years written by Roger Chou and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: In 2014, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess the benefits and harms of screening for dental caries, but recommended that primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation to preschool children starting at age 6 months whose primary water source is deficient in fluoride and apply fluoride varnish to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption. PURPOSE: To systematically review the current evidence on primary care screening for and prevention of dental caries in children younger than 5 years old. DATA SOURCES: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through April, 2021), and MEDLINE (2013 to April, 2021); with surveillance through July 23, 2021, and manually reviewed reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled observational studies on benefits and harms of screening versus no screening and referral to dental care from primary care versus no referral; studies on the diagnostic accuracy of oral examination and risk assessment by primary care clinicians; RCTs on benefits and harms of oral health education and preventive interventions; and systematic reviews on risk of fluorosis associated with early childhood ingestion of dietary fluoride supplements. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator abstracted data and a second investigator checked data abstraction for accuracy. Two investigators independently assessed study quality using methods developed by the USPSTF. DATA SYNTHESIS (RESULTS): Thirty-three studies (reported in 36 publications) were included in this update (19 RCTs, four non-randomized trials, nine observational studies, and one systematic review [19 studies]). Seventeen studies were newly identified as part of this update and 16 studies (including the systematic review) were carried forward from the previous review. No randomized trial or observational study compared clinical outcomes between children younger than 5 years of age screened and not screened by primary care clinicians for dental caries. One good-quality cohort study (n=258) found primary care pediatrician examination following 2 hours of training associated with a sensitivity of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 0.91) for identifying a child with one or more cavities and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.81) for identifying children younger than 36 months of age in need of a dental referral, compared with a pediatric dentist evaluation. One study (n=697) found a novel risk assessment tool administered by home visitor nurses associated with suboptimal accuracy for predicting future caries in children 1 year of age. The prior USPSTF review found oral fluoride supplementation associated with reduced caries incidence versus no supplementation in children younger than 5 years of age in settings with inadequate water fluoridation, though only one trial was randomized; we identified no new trials. The prior USPSTF review included a systematic review of observational studies which found an association between early childhood ingestion of systemic fluoride and enamel fluorosis. Topical fluoride (all trials except for one evaluated varnish) associated with decreased caries increment (13 trials in updated meta-analysis, N=5733, mean difference in decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces −0.94, 95% CI, −1.74 to −0.34) and decreased likelihood of incident caries (12 trials, N=8177, RR 0.80, 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.95; absolute risk difference −7%, 95% CI, −12% to −2%) versus placebo or no varnish, with no increase in risk of fluorosis or other adverse events. Almost all trials of topical fluoride were conducted in higher risk populations or settings. Evidence on other preventive interventions was limited (xylitol) or unavailable (silver diamine fluoride). Evidence on educational or counseling interventions is very sparse and no studies directly evaluated the effectiveness of primary care referral to a dentist versus no referral. LIMITATIONS: Only English-language articles were included. Graphical methods were not used to assess for publication bias, due to diversity in populations, settings, and outcomes, and substantial statistical heterogeneity. Statistical heterogeneity was present in pooled analyses of fluoride varnish and not explained by stratification on a variety of factors. Studies conducted in resource-poor settings may be of limited applicability to screening in the United States. Most studies had methodological limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary fluoride supplementation and fluoride varnish appear to be effective at preventing caries outcomes in higher risk children younger than 5 years of age. Dietary fluoride supplementation in early childhood is associated with risk of enamel fluorosis, which is usually not severe. More research is needed to understand the accuracy of oral health examination and caries risk assessment by primary care clinicians, primary care referral for dental care, and effective parental and caregiver/guardian educational and counseling interventions.
Download or read book Prevention of Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years Old written by Roger Chou and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: A 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) review recommended that primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation to preschool children over the age of 6 months whose primary water source is deficient in fluoride but found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against risk assessment of preschool children by primary care clinicians for the prevention of dental caries. PURPOSE: To systematically update the 2004 USPSTF review on prevention of dental caries in children younger than age 5 years by medical primary care clinicians. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through the 1st quarter of 2013) and Ovid MEDLINE(r) (1999 through March 8, 2013) and manually reviewed reference lists. RESULTS: No randomized trial or observational study compared clinical outcomes between children younger than age 5 years screened and not screened by primary care clinicians for dental caries. One good-quality cohort study found primary care pediatrician examination following 2 hours of training associated with a sensitivity of 0.76 for identifying a child with one or more cavities and 0.63 for identifying children age
Download or read book Dental Caries Prevention written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-06-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues of oral health in children revolve almost exclusively around dental caries. In the U.S., dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, and its treatment is the most prevalent unmet health need in children. A substantial portion of caries lesions can be prevented; indeed, the incidence of this disease has declined among school-age children and adults in the past three decades. However, incidence among preschool children has not declined at a similar rate over this same time period. Dental caries is an infectious disease that can occur when cariogenic bacteria colonize a tooth surface in the presence of dietary carbohydrates, especially refined sugars. The bacteria metabolize the carbohydrates, producing lactic acid, which over time demineralizes the tooth structure. The earliest visible manifestation of dental caries is the appearance of a demineralized area on the tooth surface, which presents either as a small white spot on a smooth surface or a pit or fissure. At this stage, a caries lesion is usually reversible. If oral conditions do not change, demineralization will continue with the eventual result that the tooth surface loses its natural contour and a "cavity" develops. At this stage, restorative treatment is necessary to prevent the continuation of the caries process, which if left untreated will eventually result in pulpitis and ultimately tooth loss. Progression of individual caries lesions is typically slow, but it can be extremely rapid in a small proportion of individuals and especially in primary teeth, which have thinner enamel. Because dental caries is a chronic disease of microbial origin, modified by diet, the elimination of active caries lesions through treatment does not necessarily mean that the disease has been eradicated. An individual's risk for dental caries can change with time as etiologic factors change, leading to new caries events around already treated lesions or on previously unaffected tooth surfaces. Dental caries in primary teeth can has both short- and longer-term negative consequences. Caries lesions often cause pain because they can progress rapidly in primary teeth and involve the pulp before they are either detected or treated. Regardless of their degree of progression, lesions cavitated into dentin require reparative treatment or tooth extraction; both are frequently traumatic experiences for young children. Young children with untreated, symptomatic carious teeth often present to emergency departments of hospitals for their first dental visit. Also, untreated caries lesions in young children may be associated with failure to thrive, although evidence is conflicting regarding this association Untreated caries typically is cited as leading to increased infections, dysfunction, poor appearance, and low self-esteem, but most of these associations stem from conventional wisdom rather than observational studies. Key Questions addressed include: 1. How accurate is PCC screening in identifying children ages 0 to 5 years who: (a) have dental caries requiring referral to a dentist? (b) are at elevated risk of future dental caries? 2. How effective is PCC referral of children ages 0 to 5 years to dentists in terms of the proportion of referred children making a dental visit? 3. How effective is PCC prescription of supplemental fluoride in terms of: (a) appropriateness of supplementation decision? (b) parental adherence to the dosage regimen? (c) prevention of dental caries? 4. How effective is PCC application of fluoride in terms of: (a) appropriateness of application decision? (b) achieving parental agreement for the application? (c) prevention of dental caries? 5. How effective is PCC counseling for caries-preventive behaviors as measured by: (a) adherence to the desired behavior? (b) prevention of dental caries?
Download or read book Early Childhood Oral Health written by Joel H. Berg and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the US Surgeon General announced that dental caries is a "silent epidemic" and the most prevalent disease affecting children. Though much has been written on the science and practice of managing this disease, publications are diverse in their loci preventing easy access to the reader. Early Childhood Oral Health coalesces all important information related to this important topic in a comprehensive reference for students, academics, and practioners. In addition to the latest information about preventing childhood caries, other topics include public health approaches to managing caries worldwide, implementation of new prevention programs, fluoride regimens, and new technologies in caries risk assessment. A must-read for pediatric dentists, cariologists,public health dentists, and students in these fields, Early Childhood Oral Health is also relevant for pediatricians and pediatric nursing specialists worldwide.
Download or read book Promoting Oral Health in Early Childhood The Role of the Family Community and Health System in Developing Strategies for Prevention and Management of ECC written by Rahul Siram Naidu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Childhood Oral Health written by Joel H. Berg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the US Surgeon General announced that dental caries is a "silent epidemic" and the most prevalent disease affecting children. Though much has been written on the science and practice of managing this disease, publications are diverse in their loci preventing easy access to the reader. Early Childhood Oral Health coalesces all important information related to this important topic in a comprehensive reference for students, academics, and practioners. In addition to the latest information about preventing childhood caries, other topics include public health approaches to managing caries worldwide, implementation of new prevention programs, fluoride regimens, and new technologies in caries risk assessment. A must-read for pediatric dentists, cariologists,public health dentists, and students in these fields, Early Childhood Oral Health is also relevant for pediatricians and pediatric nursing specialists worldwide.
Download or read book Prevention of Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years Old written by Roger Chou and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ending childhood dental caries written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book INFANT ORAL HEALTH CARE written by Dr. Alisina Karimi and published by Book Rivers. This book was released on 2021-09-26 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Country Profile of the Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Early Childhood Caries written by Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oral Health of United States Children written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Prevention of dental caries written by James Sim Wallace and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operative Dentistry for Children written by Minnie Evangeline Jordon and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parental Oral Health Beliefs and Practices Toward Young Children s Dental Caries Among Chinese Immigrant Parents written by Ching-Feng Chang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Chinese immigrant children have higher decayed and filled primary teeth than their US counterparts. There is limited information regarding Chinese American immigrant families' oral health beliefs and practices, which could influence their children's oral health outcomes. This study generated new knowledge about parental oral health beliefs and practices toward early childhood caries among Chinese immigrant parents toward the long-range goal of improving immigrant children's oral health. Aims. The overall goal of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to describe Chinese immigrant parents' Explanatory Model of dental caries (etiology, onset of symptoms, pathophysiology, course of caries, treatment) and the impact of Chinese culture, Chinese health beliefs and behaviors on parents' oral-health care of their children. Methods. Purposive and modified respondent-driven samplings were used to recruit Chinese immigrant parents of children aged 0-6 years through Chinese immigrant agencies and participant referrals in King County, Washington. Participants completed in-person, semi-structured interviews that included perceived influencing factors in order to capture cultural and personal perspectives about early childhood caries and children's oral health care. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim in Chinese and analyzed using content analysis. Results. Forty-six parents participated in the study. Parents believed the causes of dental caries included diet and oral hygiene habits, biological and somatic factors (inheritance, genetic, inborn and transmission issues), children's biting fingers habit, and lack of routine dental visits. They held different understandings on the age of onset for dental caries. Most parents recognized the onset of disease through dental examinations, children's toothaches, and color changes on their children's teeth. Parents were familiar with dental caries through personal experiences and experiences with their friends' children. Parents believed childhood caries had the potential to have a short-term or lifelong negative impact on their children. Most parents would immediately seek professional help for caries treatment, but indicated that information about dental caries and its prevention was needed from dental professional. Furthermore, results from the analysis using a framework derived from a critical analysis of Chinese culture revealed that 11 concepts were reflected in parents' oral-health beliefs and practices. Parents believed that they: (1) had an obligation for their children's oral care; (2) valued their children's training in oral care; (3) expected children to be independent in tooth brushing; (4) allowed children to receive sweets as gifts from relatives; (5) expressed fatalism regarding children's dental caries; (6) believed kinship contributed to children's dental caries; (7) obeyed dentists' authority; (8) avoided confrontation with dentists and family members; (9) demonstrated group orientation related to friends' dental knowledge and advice; (10) valued face related to children's physical facial appearance; and (11) were concerned dental caries would affect their children's school achievement. Results from the analysis using a framework derived from a critical analysis of Chinese health beliefs and behaviors revealed that eight domains were related to their oral-health beliefs and practices, including (1) belief regarding primary teeth; (2) belief regarding tooth worms; (3) belief regarding gum bleeding; (4) belief regarding sugary foods; (5) belief regarding a balanced diet; (6) belief regarding self-care; (7) belief regarding the need for dental care services; and (8) belief regarding tooth extraction. Implications. Explanatory Model of dental caries could be applied to assess parental beliefs and practices towards childhood dental caries. Understanding of Chinese culture, health beliefs and behaviors could be helpful in developing oral-health interventions in relation to family needs. Caries prevention intervention is needed to facilitate parents' daily assistance roles in children's oral hygiene behaviors, as well as healthy diet habits. The knowledge served as a foundation for developing a conceptual framework for designing culturally relevant family-focused interventions to improve immigrant children's oral health.
Download or read book Early Childhood Caries written by Peter Milgrom and published by University of Washington, Continuing Dental Education. This book was released on 1999 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pediatric Restorative Dentistry written by Soraya Coelho Leal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and discusses the different restorative options for managing carious lesions in children with primary and mixed dentition. The aim is to provide practitioners with thorough, up-to-date information that will improve their clinical practice. The opening chapters present a comprehensive overview regarding diagnosis of carious lesions, risk assessment, child behavior and development, and behavioral management. The importance of oral health promotion and prevention in controlling lesion progression and maintaining oral health is reviewed. The impact of various factors on clinician decision making is then explained in detail, examples including the type of dentition (primary versus permanent), the clinical and radiographic aspect of the dentine carious lesion (noncavitated or cavitated), and whether the lesion is associated with a developmental defect. Guidance is provided on selection of nonoperative versus operative interventions, and the restorative materials most frequently used in pediatric dentistry are fully described, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Readers will also find an informative series of cases, with explanation of the choices in terms of materials and approach.
Download or read book The Prevalence of Dental Caries in United States Children 1979 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
