Download or read book Scientific Discovery Case Studies written by Thomas Nickles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of science is articulated by moments of discovery. Yet, these 'moments' are not simple or isolated events in science. Just as a scientific discovery illuminates our understanding of nature or of society, and reveals new connections among phenomena, so too does the history of scientific activity and the analysis of scientific reasoning illuminate the processes which give rise to moments of discovery and the complex network of consequences which follow upon such moments. Understanding discovery has not been, until recently, a major concern of modem philosophy of science. Whether the act of discoyery was regarded as mysterious and inexplicable, or obvious and in no need of explanation, modem philosophy of science in effect bracketed the question. It concentrated instead on the logic of scientific explanation or on the issues of validation or justification of scientific theories or laws. The recent revival of interest in the context of discovery, indeed in the acts of discovery, on the part of philosophers and historians of science, represents no one particular method'ological or philosophical orientation. It proceeds as much from an empiricist and analytical approach as from a sociological or historical one; from considerations of the logic of science as much as from the alogical or extralogical contexts of scientific tho'¢tt and practice. But, in general, this new interest focuses sharply on the actual historical and contem porary cases of scientific discovery, and on an examination of the act or moment of discovery in situ.
Download or read book Discovery Innovation and Risk written by Newton Copp and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovery, Innovation, and Risk presents brief descriptions of selected scientific principles in the context of interesting technological examples to illustrate the complex interplay among science, engineering, and society.
Download or read book Scientific Discovery written by Thomas Nickles and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Case Studies in Modern Drug Discovery and Development written by Xianhai Huang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn why some drug discovery and development efforts succeed . . . and others fail Written by international experts in drug discovery and development, this book sets forth carefully researched and analyzed case studies of both successful and failed drug discovery and development efforts, enabling medicinal chemists and pharmaceutical scientists to learn from actual examples. Each case study focuses on a particular drug and therapeutic target, guiding readers through the drug discovery and development process, including drug design rationale, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology, drug metabolism, biology, and clinical studies. Case Studies in Modern Drug Discovery and Development begins with an introductory chapter that puts into perspective the underlying issues facing the pharmaceutical industry and provides insight into future research opportunities. Next, there are fourteen detailed case studies, examining: All phases of drug discovery and development from initial idea to commercialization Some of today's most important and life-saving medications Drugs designed for different therapeutic areas such as cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and allergies Examples of prodrugs and inhaled drugs Reasons why certain drugs failed to advance to market despite major research investments Each chapter ends with a list of references leading to the primary literature. There are also plenty of tables and illustrations to help readers fully understand key concepts, processes, and technologies. Improving the success rate of the drug discovery and development process is paramount to the pharmaceutical industry. With this book as their guide, readers can learn from both successful and unsuccessful efforts in order to apply tested and proven science and technologies that increase the probability of success for new drug discovery and development projects.
Download or read book Scientific Discovery Logic and Rationality written by Thomas Nickles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is fast becoming a cliche that scientific discovery is being rediscovered. For two philosophical generations (that of the Founders and that of the Followers of the logical positivist and logical empiricist movements), discovery had been consigned to the domain of the intractable, the ineffable, the inscrutable. The philosophy of science was focused on the so-called context of justification as its proper domain. More recently, as the exclusivity of the logical reconstruc tion program in philosophy of science came under question, and as the critique of justification developed within the framework of logical and epistemological analysis, the old question of scientific discovery, which had been put on the back burner, began to emerge once again. Emphasis on the relation of the history of science to the philosophy of science, and attention to the question of theory change and theory replacement, also served to legitimate a new concern with the origins of scientific change to be found within discovery and invention. How welcome then to see what a wide range of issues and what a broad representation of philosophers and historians of science have been brought together in the present two volumes of the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science! For what these volumes achieve, in effect, is the continuation of a tradition which had once been strong in the philosophy of science - namely, that tradition which addressed the question of scientific discovery as a central question in the understanding of science.
Download or read book Discovery Engineering in Biology written by Rebecca Hite and published by National Science Teachers Association. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Who knew that small, plant-eating mammals called pikas helped scientists find new ways to survive extreme weather events, or that algae could be used as airplane fuel? Your students will learn about amazing scientific advancements like these when you use the lessons in Discovery Engineering in Biology: Case Studies for Grades 6-12. The book is a lively way to blend history, real-world perspectives, 21st-century skills, and engineering into your biology or STEM curriculum. Like Discovery Engineering in Physical Science (see p. XX), this book features case studies about observations and accidental discoveries that led to the invention of new products and problem-solving applications. The 20 lessons are both flexible and easy to use. After reading a historical account of an actual innovation, students explore related activities that connect to such topics as molecules and organisms, ecosystems, heredity, and biological evolution. Then they're prompted to think creatively about science from serendipity. They conduct research, analyze data, and use the engineering design process to develop products or applications of their own. Students are sure to be intrigued by investigations with titles such as "Vindicating Venom: Using Biological Mechanisms to Treat Diseases and Disorders" and "Revealing Repeats: The Accidental Discovery of DNA Fingerprinting." Discovery Engineering in Biology is an engaging way to help students discover that when accidents happen, the outcome can be an incredible innovation"--
Download or read book Scientific Discovery in the Social Sciences written by Mark Addis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers selected papers exploring issues arising from scientific discovery in the social sciences. It features a range of disciplines including behavioural sciences, computer science, finance, and statistics with an emphasis on philosophy. The first of the three parts examines methods of social scientific discovery. Chapters investigate the nature of causal analysis, philosophical issues around scale development in behavioural science research, imagination in social scientific practice, and relationships between paradigms of inquiry and scientific fraud. The next part considers the practice of social science discovery. Chapters discuss the lack of genuine scientific discovery in finance where hypotheses concern the cheapness of securities, the logic of scientific discovery in macroeconomics, and the nature of that what discovery with the Solidarity movement as a case study. The final part covers formalising theories in social science. Chapters analyse the abstract model theory of institutions as a way of representing the structure of scientific theories, the semi-automatic generation of cognitive science theories, and computational process models in the social sciences. The volume offers a unique perspective on scientific discovery in the social sciences. It will engage scholars and students with a multidisciplinary interest in the philosophy of science and social science.
Download or read book Accounts in Drug Discovery written by Joel Barrish and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accounts in Drug Discovery describes recent case studies in medicinal chemistry with a particular emphasis on how the inevitable problems that arise during any project can be surmounted or overcome. The Editors cover a wide range of therapeutic areas and medicinal chemistry strategies, including lead optimization starting from high-throughput screening "hits" as well as rational, structure-based design. The chapters include "follow-ons" and "next generation" compounds that aim to improve upon first-generation agents. This volume surveys the range of challenges commonly faced by medicinal chemistry researchers, including the optimization of metabolism and pharmacokinetics, toxicology, pharmaceutics and pharmacology, including proof-of-concept in the clinic for novel biological targets. The case studies include medicinal chemistry stories on recently approved and marketed drugs, but also chronicle "near-misses," i.e. exemplary compounds that may have proceeded well into the clinic but for various reasons did not result in a successful registration. As the vast majority of projects fail prior to registration, much can be learned from such narratives. By sharing a wide range of drug discovery experiences and information across the community of medicinal chemists in both industry and academia, the Editors believe that these accounts will provide insights into the art of medicinal chemistry as it is currently practiced and will help to serve the needs of active medicinal chemists.
Download or read book High Performance Discovery In Time Series written by New York University and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is a technical survey of concepts and techniques for describing and analyzing large-scale time-series data streams. Some topics covered are algorithms for query by humming, gamma-ray burst detection, pairs trading, and density detection. Included are self-contained descriptions of wavelets, fast Fourier transforms, and sketches as they apply to time-series analysis. Detailed applications are built on a solid scientific basis.
Download or read book Discovery Innovation and Risk written by Newton Copp and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovery, Innovation, and Risk presents brief descriptions of selected scientific principles in the context of interesting technological examples to illustrate the complex interplay among science, engineering, and society.
Download or read book The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers here range from description and analysis of how our political economy allocates its inventive effort, to studies of the decision making process in specific industrial laboratories. Originally published in 1962. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Scientific Discovery written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discovery Engineering in Physical Science written by M. Gail Jones and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who knew that gecko feet inspired scientists to develop a stickier adhesive or that cockleburs in dog fur led to the invention of Velcro? Discovery Engineering in Physical Science uses these and other surprising cases of innovations sparked by accidental observations to teach about the amazing role of serendipity in science. The case studies in this new resource are a lively way to integrate engineering into your physical science classes. Middle and high school students will learn to understand fundamental science processes while trying out their own ideas for unexpected applications. Each of the book' s 22 investigations starts with a real case of accidental inspiration that students explore through primary documents or historical accounts. Then it' s time for the students to become the innovators. They' re tasked to do research, examine data and physical materials, and use their own creativity to design new products or problem-solving applications. The investigations are easy to implement and flexible enough to use in part or as a whole. Students will learn one or more science concepts as they' re exposed to background on the unpredictable nature of science. And they' ll be intrigued by investigations with titles such as " By the Teeth of Your Skin: Shark Skin and Bacteria" and " From Ship to Staircase: The History of the Slinky." Try this book and see what happens! The result may be more engaged science students-- and more great ideas about how gecko feet can inspire solutions to everyday problems.
Download or read book Discovery Engineering in Biology written by Rebecca Hite and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Who knew that small, plant-eating mammals called pikas helped scientists find new ways to survive extreme weather events, or that algae could be used as airplane fuel? Your students will learn about amazing scientific advancements like these when you use the lessons in Discovery Engineering in Biology: Case Studies for Grades 6-12. The book is a lively way to blend history, real-world perspectives, 21st-century skills, and engineering into your biology or STEM curriculum. Like Discovery Engineering in Physical Science (see p. XX), this book features case studies about observations and accidental discoveries that led to the invention of new products and problem-solving applications. The 20 lessons are both flexible and easy to use. After reading a historical account of an actual innovation, students explore related activities that connect to such topics as molecules and organisms, ecosystems, heredity, and biological evolution. Then they're prompted to think creatively about science from serendipity. They conduct research, analyze data, and use the engineering design process to develop products or applications of their own. Students are sure to be intrigued by investigations with titles such as "Vindicating Venom: Using Biological Mechanisms to Treat Diseases and Disorders" and "Revealing Repeats: The Accidental Discovery of DNA Fingerprinting." Discovery Engineering in Biology is an engaging way to help students discover that when accidents happen, the outcome can be an incredible innovation"--
Download or read book The Science of Citizen Science written by Katrin Vohland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.
Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Download or read book Case Study Method written by Roger Gomm and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2000-10-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive guide to the current uses and importance of case study methods in social research. The editors bring together key contributions from the field which reflect different interpretations of the purpose and capacity of case study research. The address issues such as: the problem of generalizing from study of a small number of cases; and the role of case study in developing and testing theories. The editors offer in-depth assessments of the main arguments. An annotated bibliography of the literature dealing with case study research makes this an exhaustive and indispensable guide.
