Download or read book The Scientific Attitude written by Lee McIntyre and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that what makes science distinctive is its emphasis on evidence and scientists' willingness to change theories on the basis of new evidence. Attacks on science have become commonplace. Claims that climate change isn't settled science, that evolution is “only a theory,” and that scientists are conspiring to keep the truth about vaccines from the public are staples of some politicians' rhetorical repertoire. Defenders of science often point to its discoveries (penicillin! relativity!) without explaining exactly why scientific claims are superior. In this book, Lee McIntyre argues that what distinguishes science from its rivals is what he calls “the scientific attitude”—caring about evidence and being willing to change theories on the basis of new evidence. The history of science is littered with theories that were scientific but turned out to be wrong; the scientific attitude reveals why even a failed theory can help us to understand what is special about science. McIntyre offers examples that illustrate both scientific success (a reduction in childbed fever in the nineteenth century) and failure (the flawed “discovery” of cold fusion in the twentieth century). He describes the transformation of medicine from a practice based largely on hunches into a science based on evidence; considers scientific fraud; examines the positions of ideology-driven denialists, pseudoscientists, and “skeptics” who reject scientific findings; and argues that social science, no less than natural science, should embrace the scientific attitude. McIntyre argues that the scientific attitude—the grounding of science in evidence—offers a uniquely powerful tool in the defense of science.
Download or read book The Science of Attitudes written by Joel Cooper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Attitudes is the first book to integrate classic and modern research in the field of attitudes at a scholarly level. Designed primarily for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, the presentation of research will also be useful for current scholars in all disciplines who are interested in how attitudes are formed and changed. The treatment of attitudes is both thorough and unique, taking a historical approach while simultaneously highlighting contemporary views and controversies. The book traces attitudes research from the inception of scientific study following World War II to the issues and methods of research that are prominent features of today’s research. Researchers in the field of attitudes will be particularly interested in classic and modern research on the organization, structure, strength and function of attitudes. Researchers in the field of persuasion will be particularly interested in work on attitude change focusing on propositional and associative learning, metacognition and dynamic theories of dissonance, balance and reactance. The book is designed to present the integration of the properties of the attitude with the dynamic considerations of attitude change. The Science of Attitudes is also the first book on attitudes to devote entire chapters to work on implicit measurements, resistance to persuasion, and social neuroscience.
Download or read book TOSRA Test of Science Related Attitudes written by Barry J. Fraser and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attitude Measurements in Science Education written by Dr. Myint Swe Khine and published by IAP. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research into how students’ attitudes affect learning of science related subjects have been one of the core areas of interest by science educators. The development in science education records various attempts in measuring attitudes and determining the correlations between behaviour, achievements, career aspirations, gender identity and cultural inclination. Some researchers noted that attitudes can be learned and teachers can encourage students to like science subjects through persuasion. But some view that attitude is situated in context and it is much to do with upbringing and environment. The critical role of attitude is well recognized in advancing science education, in particular designing curriculum and choosing powerful pedagogies and nurturing students. Since Noll’ (1935) seminal work on measuring the scientific attitudes, a steady stream of research papers that describe development and validation of scales appear in scholarly publications. Despite these efforts the progress in this area has been stagnated by limited understanding of the conception about attitude, dimensionality and inability to determine the multitude of variables that made up such concept. This book makes an attempt to take stock and critically examine the classical views on science attitudes and explore the contemporary attempts in measuring science related attitudes. The chapters in this book are reflection of researchers who work tirelessly in promoting science education and will illuminate the current trends and future scenarios in attitude measurement.
Download or read book Attitude Research in Science Education written by Issa M. Saleh and published by Information Age Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2011 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research into how students' attitudes affect their learning of science related subjects has been one of the core areas of interest by science educators. The development in science education records various attempts in measuring attitudes and determining the correlations between behavior, achievements, career aspirations, gender identity and cultural inclination. Some researchers noted that attitudes can be learned and teachers can encourage students to like science subjects through persuasion. But some view that attitude is situated in context and has much to do with upbringing and environment. The critical role of attitude is well recognized in advancing science education, in particular designing curriculum and choosing powerful pedagogies and nurturing students. Since Noll's (1935) seminal work on measuring the scientific attitudes, a steady stream of research papers describing the development and validation of scales have appeared in scholarly publications. Despite these efforts, the progress in this area has been stagnated by limited understanding of the conception of attitude, dimensionality and inability to determine the multitude of variables that made up such concept. This book makes an attempt to take stock and critically examine classical views on science attitudes and explore contemporary attempts in measuring science-related attitudes. The chapters in this book are a reflection of researchers who work tirelessly in promoting science education and highlight the current trends and future scenarios in attitude measurement.
Download or read book PISA 2015 Results written by and published by . This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each volume developed under the direction of Andreas Schleicher, Yuri Belfali and others.
Download or read book Educational Aspirations And Scientific Attitudes written by Kalluri Durga Rani and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2003 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Educational Aspirations and Scientific Attitudes: The Problem and Its Significance, Related Research, Research Procedure, Analysis of Data, Conclusions, Discussions and Suggestions.
Download or read book Scientific Attitude written by D.Bhaskara Rao and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2003 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science educators have included the development of scientific attitude among the general aims of science education since the beginning of the present century. To many science educators, a man with scientific attitude looks for the natural causes of events, is open-minded towards the work and opinion of others and towards information related to his problem, forms opinion and conclusions on adequate evidence, evaluates techniques and procedures used and information obtained, and is curious concerning the things he observes. Contents: Introduction, Related Literature, Research Design, Data Analysis, Summary, Conclusions and Discussion.
Download or read book Attitude Towards Science written by Gadde B. Lakshmi and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2004 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Introduction, Theoretical Perspective, Review of Related Literature, Planning and Procedure, Data Collection and Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation, Summary, Findings and Suggestion.
Download or read book Recent Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science related Attitudes written by Adrienne M. Hagen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for scientifically literate citizens has long been a call educators and researchers have been aware of and striving to create as the need for qualified individuals in jobs related to engineering, technology, and science continues to grow. Researchers have consistently found that science-related attitudes often drop dramatically during middle school, therefore increasing the need to assess and implement educational interventions in order to change this downward trend. Calls by researchers suggest that assessment tools already in existence and are used to measure attitudes should be continually tested for validity and reliability instead of attempting to create new ones. In this study, a quantitative, non-experimental, exploratory survey method using middle school student participants was employed to evaluate the psychometric quality of five of the original seven Test of Science-Related Attitudes subscales and further explore the subscales’ relatedness to the tripartite theory of attitudes. Psychometric evaluation results analyzing Cronbach alpha and test-retest scores support the original five subscales as reliable and valid. Exploratory Factor Analysis with oblique oblimin factor rotation results suggest that from the 50 items investigated, a three-factor solution with is appropriate. Implications of this study indicate that further analysis is warranted of three of the original Test of Science-Related Attitudes subscales, Career Interest in Science, Attitude to Scientific Inquiry, and Normality of Scientists to assess their effectiveness of comprehensively measuring attitudes toward science, scientific attitudes, and career interest in science as representing the affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of the tripartite theory of attitudes, respectively.--
Download or read book The Scientific Attitude written by Frederick Grinnell and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1992-03-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE presents a systematic account of the cognitive and social features of science. Written by an experimental biologist actively engaged in research, the work is unique in its attempt to understand science in terms of day-to-day practice. The book goes beyond the traditional description of science that focuses on method and logic to characterize the scientific attitude as a way of looking at the world. Professor Grinnell uses examples from biomedical research to describe science at three interdependent levels. At the first level, the individual scientist makes observations, formulates hypotheses, and does experiments. The scientist's thought style determines what can be seen and what it will appear to mean. At the second level, scientists participate in social institutions such as graduate programs, research groups, journal editorial boards, and grant review panels. Each of these institutions tries to promote its own distinctive collective thought style. Finally, at the third level, scientists participate in the world of everyday life beyond science, a world that continuously influences and is influenced by the activities and discoveries of science.
Download or read book Beyond Cartesian Dualism written by Steve Alsop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-15 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is surprisingly little known about affect in science education. Despite periodic forays into monitoring students’ attitudes-toward-science, the effect of affect is too often overlooked. Beyond Cartesian Dualism gathers together contemporary theorizing in this axiomatic area. In fourteen chapters, senior scholars of international standing use their knowledge of the literature and empirical data to model the relationship between cognition and affect in science education. Their revealing discussions are grounded in a broad range of educational contexts including school classrooms, universities, science centres, travelling exhibits and refugee camps, and explore an array of far reaching questions. What is known about science teachers’ and students’ emotions? How do emotions mediate and moderate instruction? How might science education promote psychological resilience? How might educators engage affect as a way of challenging existing inequalities and practices? This book will be an invaluable resource for anybody interested in science education research and more generally in research on teaching, learning and affect. It offers educators and researchers a challenge, to recognize the mutually constitutive nature of cognition and affect.
Download or read book The Scientific Attitude written by Lee McIntyre and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “intelligent treatise articulates why the pursuit of scientific truths, even if inevitably flawed . . . matters” in our post-truth world (Publishers Weekly). What separates science from other disciplines? An attitude that respects evidence and is willing to evolve as new evidence arises. Attacks on science have become commonplace. Claims that climate change isn’t settled science, that evolution is “only a theory,” and that scientists are conspiring to keep the truth about vaccines from the public are staples of some politicians’ rhetorical repertoire. Defenders of science often point to its discoveries (penicillin! relativity!) without explaining exactly why scientific claims are superior. In this book, Lee McIntyre argues that what distinguishes science from its rivals is what he calls “the scientific attitude”—caring about evidence and being willing to change theories on the basis of new evidence. The history of science is littered with theories that were scientific but turned out to be wrong; the scientific attitude reveals why even a failed theory can help us to understand what is special about science. In this book, McIntyre explores: • Historical cases that illustrate both scientific success and failure • The transformation of medicine from a practice based on hunches to a science based on evidence • Scientific fraud and ideology-driven denialists, pseudoscientists, and “skeptics” • How social science should embrace the scientific attitude Ultimately, McIntyre says, the grounding of science in evidence offers a uniquely powerful tool in the defense of science itself.
Download or read book TOSRA written by Barry J. Fraser and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TOSRA consists of 90 Likert type items which measure seven science related attitudes at the secondary school level. (Social Implications of Science, Normality of Scientists, Attitudes to Scientific Inquiry, Adoption of Scientific Attitudes, Enjoyment of Science lessons, Leisure Interest in Science, and Career Interest in Science). TOSRA was carefully developed, extensively field tested with 1337 students, and shown to be highly reliable when used with separate samples in three Australian States and in the U.S.
Download or read book Science Literacy written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science is a way of knowing about the world. At once a process, a product, and an institution, science enables people to both engage in the construction of new knowledge as well as use information to achieve desired ends. Access to scienceâ€"whether using knowledge or creating itâ€"necessitates some level of familiarity with the enterprise and practice of science: we refer to this as science literacy. Science literacy is desirable not only for individuals, but also for the health and well- being of communities and society. More than just basic knowledge of science facts, contemporary definitions of science literacy have expanded to include understandings of scientific processes and practices, familiarity with how science and scientists work, a capacity to weigh and evaluate the products of science, and an ability to engage in civic decisions about the value of science. Although science literacy has traditionally been seen as the responsibility of individuals, individuals are nested within communities that are nested within societiesâ€"and, as a result, individual science literacy is limited or enhanced by the circumstances of that nesting. Science Literacy studies the role of science literacy in public support of science. This report synthesizes the available research literature on science literacy, makes recommendations on the need to improve the understanding of science and scientific research in the United States, and considers the relationship between scientific literacy and support for and use of science and research.
Download or read book Assessing Contexts of Learning written by Susanne Kuger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together educational effectiveness research and international large-scale assessments, demonstrating how the two fields can be applied to inspire and improve each other, and providing readers direct links to instruments that cover a broad range of topics and have been shown to work in more than 70 countries. The book’s initial chapters introduce and summarize recent discussions and developments in the conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation of international large-scale context assessments and provide an outlook on possible future developments. Subsequently, three thematic sections – “Student Background”, “Outcomes of Education Beyond Achievement”, and “Learning in Schools” – each present a series of chapters that provide the conceptual background for a wide range of important topics in education research, policy, and practice. Each chapter defines a conceptual framework that relates recent findings in the educational effectiveness research literature to current issues in education policy and practice. These frameworks were used to develop interesting and relevant indicators that may be used for meaningful reporting from international assessments, other cross-cultural research, or national studies. Using the example of one particular survey (the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2015)), this volume links all theoretical considerations to fully developed questionnaire material that was field trailed and evaluated in questionnaires for students and their parents as well as teachers and principals in their schools. The primary purposes of this book are to inform readers about how education effectiveness research and international large-scale assessments are already interacting to inform research and policymaking; to identify areas where a closer collaboration of both fields or input from other areas could further improve this work; to provide sound theoretical frameworks for future work in both fields; and finally to relate these theoretical debates to currently available and evaluated material for future context assessments.
