Download or read book Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy as a Tool for the Evaluation of Electrocatalytic Activity at the Nanoscale written by Tsvetan Tarnev and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy written by Allen J. Bard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its simplicity of use and quantitative results, Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) has become an indispensable tool for the study of surface reactivity. The fast expansion of the SECM field over several years has been fueled by the introduction of new probes, commercially available instrumentation, and new practical applications. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Third Edition offers essential background and in-depth overviews of specific applications in self-contained chapters. The vitality and growing popularity of SECM over the past 30+ years have largely been determined by its versatility and capability to remain useful in the changing scientific and technological environments. New applications reported during the last decade reflect significant current activity in biomedical and energy-related research. This thoroughly updated edition provides up-to-date comprehensive reviews of different aspects of SECM. New chapters by renowned professionals in the field cover recent advances in different areas of SECM including nanoSECM, surface reactions and films, batteries, and fuel cells. Expanded coverage of electrocatalysis and surface interrogation as well as photoelectrochemistry and photoelectrocatalysis are also provided. Useful for a broad range of interdisciplinary research—from biological systems to nanopatterning—this book is invaluable to all interested in learning and applying SECM.
Download or read book Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Second Edition written by Allen J. Bard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-16 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its simplicity of use and quantitative results, Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) has become an indispensable tool for the study of surface reactivity. The fast expansion of the SECM field during the last several years has been fueled by the introduction of new probes, commercially available instrumentation, and new practical applications. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Second Edition offers essential background and in-depth overviews of specific applications in self-contained chapters. Recent methodological advances have greatly increased the capacity of SECM to characterize interfaces at the nanoscale and to obtain molecular-level chemical information. This thoroughly updated edition retains original chapters describing the principles of SECM measurements, instrumentation, preparation of SECM probes, imaging methodologies, and theory and offers: New chapters on studies of single biological cells, corrosion, electrocatalysis, and hybrid techniques Descriptions of recent advances of SECM in several areas of current interest: biotechnological applications, nanofabrication and surface patterning, and molecular transport across films and membranes Discussion of the ongoing shift from micrometer-scale experiments to the nanoscale Useful for a broad range of interdisciplinary research—from biological systems to probing reactions at the liquid–liquid interface—this book is invaluable to all interested in learning and applying SECM.
Download or read book Probing the Structure activity Relationships of Electrocatalytic Nanomaterials Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy written by Zackary Stuart Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrocatalysis plays a central role in the development of renewable energy technologies as it enables direct conversion between renewable electricity and chemical energy. To design efficient electrocatalysts, it is essential to understand the relationship between the structure and the activity of electrocatalytic materials. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a scanning probe technique capable of imaging local electrocatalytic activity under operating conditions, of which the spatial resolution depends on the size and shape of the probe. Compared to commercial SECM probes which have limited resolution capabilities, I have developed novel nanoelectrode probes by etching sharp platinum tips followed by electropolymerization coating of the tip except at the apex, which can greatly reduce the exposed electrode area of the probe to improve the spatial resolution of SECM imaging. These nanoelectrode probes were successfully used to image the activity of single platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a silicon support, thus surpassing the resolution capabilities of the best commercially available probes. This demonstrates the improved ability to reveal the local activity of nanostructured electrocatalysts. In addition, I used conventional electrochemical methods to investigate the structure-activity relationships of nanomaterials for important reactions, including the nitrate reduction reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). I revealed the effects of ruthenium nanoparticle size and copper oxidation state on the activity and selectivity (Faradaic efficiency) for the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia on these metal nanoparticle catalysts. I also performed electroanalytic studies of cobalt oxide nanosheets supported on nickel foam, as well as titanium dioxide supported on plain and PTFE-doped carbon paper as electrocatalysts for the OER. In summary, I developed novel nanoelectrode SECM probes for the mapping of electrocatalytic activity of nanomaterials at nanoscale resolutions, and these nanoelectrode probes can be widely used to image local electrocatalytic activity in operando to reveal local structure-activity relationships. I further elucidated the effects of nanoparticle size and oxidation state of metal-based electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction and oxygen evolution, and these new understandings of structure-activity relationships can provide guidance for the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for efficient electrolyzers and help guide us towards a more sustainable future.
Download or read book Electrocatalytic and Fundamental Properties of Nanoscale Materials and Development of New Nanoscale Electrochemical Methods written by Stephen J. Percival and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation mainly discusses the fundamental properties and electrocatalytic activity of single, isolated nanomaterial structures, such as nanowires, nanoparticles and graphene. It also discusses the development of new nanoscale electrochemical techniques to investigate various aspects of heterogeneous catalysis and single cell analysis. There is a brief introduction about the nature of electrochemistry and electrochemical catalysts as well as some various nanomaterials and voltammetric techniques involved in this work. The fabrication and of new ultralong metal nanowires made from platinum or gold through a laser assisted mechanical pulling procedure is discussed in chapter 2. Single platinum nanowires of this type are then used to study the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on nanowires with various diameters in Chapter 3. The catalytic activities of several different nanoparticles are studied in Chapters 4 and 5 using the technique of Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV), where detailed chemical information can be obtained from nanoparticle collision events by recording single nanoparticle Cyclic Voltammograms (CVs) for the oxidation of hydrazine. Combined with numerical simulations, the single nanoparticle CVs allow for the determination of the electron transfer kinetics and the Gibbs free energy of activation for hydrazine oxidation. These combined methods can be a powerful tool in many aspects of fundamental catalytic research. Chapter 6 details the phenomena of fast formation and growth of platinum oxide at low anodic potentials using platinum nanoelectrodes as model nanoparticle electrocatalysts. Chapter 7 discusses the technique of Fluorescence Enabled Electrochemical Microscopy (FEEM) and its application towards heterogeneous electrocatalyst screening, where a fluorogenic reaction is monitored at one side of an array of closed bipolar electrodes, which is coupled to a reaction occurring at the same region on the other side of the array. Chapter 8 is a study of the electrocatalytic activity of single graphene sheets with different numbers of layers for the ORR. The testing of recessed ring disk electrodes for the purpose of molecular scavenging during single cell exocytosis experiments is presented in Chapter 9 and chapter 10 describes the design and fabrication of two different Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) chip based electrodes for the goal of in-situ TEM experiments.
Download or read book Electrochemical Imaging written by Todd H. Lewis and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ACS In Focus Electrochemical Imaging introduces some of the most exciting and important imaging techniques in electrochemistry. This digital primer, targeted at senior undergraduate students and first-year graduate students, demonstrates how electrochemical imaging has become increasingly important in enhancing our fundamental understanding of the electrode/solution interface. Chapter 1 introduces electrochemistry, the unique aspects of electrochemical reactions, and the key importance of electrochemical imaging. Chapter 2 focuses on array-based electrochemical imaging methods. Chapter 3 describes several electrochemical imaging methods based on small scanning probes. Chapter 4 introduces electrochemical imaging methods based on optical microscopies, such as fluorescence, dark field, and Raman spectroscopy. The last chapter is devoted to briefly discussing some imaging methods for examining the electrochemical interface with molecular and atomic scale resolution. It also reveals exciting ways of using in-situ methods, such as electron microscopies, to image electrochemical processes in situ.
Download or read book Modern Electrochemical Methods in Nano Surface and Corrosion Science written by Mahmood Aliofkhazraei and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basics and principles of new electrochemical methods and also their usage for fabrication and analysis of different nanostructures were discussed in this book. These methods consist of electrochemical methods in nanoscale (e.g. electrochemical atomic force microscopy and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy) and also electrochemical methods for fabrication of nanomaterials.
Download or read book Application Development for Measuring Single particle Electrocatalytic Activity at Facet controlled Gold Nanocrystals written by Myunghoon Choi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Facet-controlled nanocrystals can help selectively higher or lower the required energy barrier for a reaction by providing the lowered or increased energies of reactants and intermediates in adsorption and desorption associated with rate-determining steps. Quantification of facet-dependent catalytic activity of nanocrystals is critical to optimizing the cost of developing custom-tailored electrocatalysts. Macroscopic voltammetric spectroscopies are typically utilized to measure electrocatalytic activities of nanocrystals. However, sample heterogeneity stems from variations in size and morphology, and the different extent of surface ligands often make it difficult to comprehend the facet-dependent electrocatalytic activity. Further, aggregation and sophisticated loading quantity of nanocrystals often complicates accurate assessment. Over the past decade, single-particle electrochemical measurements have gained popularity as a means to study the catalytic property of individual nanoparticles (NPs) and to establish how individual NPs contribute to the macroscale (ensemble) measurements. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a scanning droplet technique in which a droplet at the tip of a sub-micrometer pipette contacts a semi-conductive surface and spatially maps electrochemical activity. Here, SECCM was constructed and evaluated for nanoscale electrochemical measurements to measure facet-dependent catalytic activity of single nanocrystals. Reduction reactions (HER and ORR) on model NP catalysts, single Au cubes and octahedrons were studied with SECCM Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) mapping. Additionally, a method for removal of CTAB inherently adhered on the surface of nanocrystals was developed, with characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Next, we employed environmentally controlled SECCM to investigate the electrocatalytic response of individual Au nanocrystal catalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). We measured CO2RR at single Au octahedra (OD), rhombic dodecahedra (RD) and truncated ditetragonal prism (TDP) with constant CO2 gas flow through the environment chamber. Electrospray deposition method was established to deposit monodispersed single NPs on glassy carbon substrate in the pursuit of the proper density of single NPs in the areal scale of SECCM CV mapping measurement (i.e. > 10 ea per 10 x 5 μm). In this seminar, details of the progress and results will be presented.
Download or read book Characterization of Electrochemical and Electronic Materials by in Situ and Aberration corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Megan Elizabeth Holtz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a key tool in the advancement of materials science. As nanoscale materials and atomically sharp interfaces become increasingly technologically relevant, STEM provides feedback on the individual atoms, defects and interfaces that matter in the material. Two areas where STEM characterization is critical for materials advancement are electrochemical energy materials, such as battery electrodes and fuel cell electrocatalysts, and complex oxide materials, which exhibit a diverse array of properties. Electrochemical energy systems, including battery electrodes and electrocatalysts for fuel cells, are critical for the future of clean transportation. For these materials, investigation of the nanoscale processes which occur in liquid electrolytes is critical for understanding their performance in real devices. Encapsulating a thin layer of liquid in the TEM for in situ characterization is an exciting approach for gaining a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy conversion and storage. The first half of this dissertation discusses the development and use of liquid-cell and electrochemical-cell TEM. First, I discuss the limitations and opportunities of EELS in thick liquids. I further discuss an electrochemical cell for the TEM, and its application to fuel cell electrocatalysts and battery materials. I was able to observe Pt-Ni octahedral catalyst particles degrade and lose their shape, and detect lithium ions move in a charging and discharging battery cathode (LiFePO4) with nanoscale detail by mapping the electronic structure. The second part of the dissertation focuses on complex oxides, which host a wide range of electronic and magnetic properties. Oxide interfaces, such as thin-film heterostructures and domain walls, are often atomically abrupt and produce novel functionalities. In particular, ferroelectric domain walls are rich sources of emergent phenomena – such as two-dimensional conductive sheets that form in an otherwise insulating solid – due to their unusual electronic properties or symmetry breaking. We probed how ferroelectric distortions change at domain walls with STEM for ErMnO3. From the STEM images, we calculated the order parameter at many domain walls in ErMnO3 to create a statistical picture of the ferroelectricity at these topological defects, and also observed how the order parameter changes near vortex structures. We further apply these methods to lutetium ferrite superlattices, where we use feedback from STEM to design a near-room-temperature multiferroic material in which ferroelectricity enhances the magnetism. We find that there are confined charged domain walls in the superlattice that additionally boost magnetism.
Download or read book Nanoelectrochemistry written by Michael V. Mirkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale electrochemistry has revolutionized electrochemical research and technologies and has impacted other fields, including nanotechnology and nanoscience, biology, and materials chemistry. This book examines well-established concepts and principles and provides an updated overview of the field and its applications. The first two chapters contain theoretical background, specifically, theories of electron transfer, transport, and double-layer processes at nanoscale electrochemical interfaces. The next chapters examine the electrochemical studies of nanomaterials and nanosystems, as well as the applications of nanoelectrochemical techniques. Each chapter can be read independently, providing readers with a compact, up-to-date review of th
Download or read book The Use of Electrochemical Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy EC STM in Corrosion Analysis written by R Lindstrom and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Federation of Corrosion's Working Party on Surface Science and the Mechanisms of Corrosion and Protection (EFC WP6) has defined, as one of its objectives, the development of a reference material and reference guidelines for the application of electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) in corrosion science. The use of EC-STM to study the relationship between surface structure and surface reactivity in situ on electrodes in contact with an electrolyte is of major importance in corrosion research. This report describes the reference material and procedural guidelines required to use this technique effectively. STM-users are instructed how to obtain high resolution data on a carefully prepared copper single-crystal surface. - Describes the reference material and procedural guidelines required to use this technique effectively - Discusses an area of major importance in corrosion research
Download or read book Nanoscale Electrochemistry written by Takashi Ito and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy written by Tilman E. Schäffer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a selection of recent developments in scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) technology and applications. In recent years, SICM has been applied in an ever-increasing number of areas in the bioanalytical sciences. SICM is based on an electrolyte-filled nanopipette with a nanometer-scale opening, over which an electric potential is applied. The induced ion current is measured, which allows to directly or indirectly quantify various physical quantities such as pipette-sample distance, ion concentration, sample elastic modulus among many others. This makes SICM well suited for applications in electrolytes - most prominently for the study of live cells. This book starts with a historic overview starting from the days of the invention of SICM by Paul Hansma at the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1989. SICM is a member of the family of scanning probe microscopies. It is related to another prominent member of the family, atomic force microscopy (AFM), which has found application in almost any field of nanoscale science. The advantages and disadvantages of SICM over AFM are also outlined. One of the most effective and break-through applications of SICM nanopipettes is in electrochemistry. The different routes and applications for doing electrochemistry using nanopipettes are also discussed. In addition the book highlights the ability of SICM for surface positioning with nanometer precision to open up new vistas in patch clamp measurements subcellular structures. Finally the book presents one research area where SICM has been making a lot of contributions, cardiac research and the endeavors to combine SICM with super-resolution optical microscopy for highest-resolution joint topography and functional imaging.
Download or read book Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy written by Mark E. Orazem and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a broad range of applications This book provides the background and training suitable for application of impedance spectroscopy to varied applications, such as corrosion, biomedical devices, semiconductors and solid-state devices, sensors, batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical capacitors, dielectric measurements, coatings, electrochromic materials, analytical chemistry, and imaging. The emphasis is on generally applicable fundamentals rather than on detailed treatment of applications. With numerous illustrative examples showing how these principles are applied to common impedance problems, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is ideal either for course study or for independent self-study, covering: Essential background, including complex variables, differential equations, statistics, electrical circuits, electrochemistry, and instrumentation Experimental techniques, including methods used to measure impedance and other transfer functions Process models, demonstrating how deterministic models of impedance response can be developed from physical and kinetic descriptions Interpretation strategies, describing methods of interpretating of impedance data, ranging from graphical methods to complex nonlinear regression Error structure, providing a conceptual understanding of stochastic, bias, and fitting errors in frequency-domain measurements An overview that provides a philosophy for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that integrates experimental observation, model development, and error analysis This is an excellent textbook for graduate students in electrochemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering. It's also a great self-study guide and reference for scientists and engineers who work with electrochemistry, corrosion, and electrochemical technology, including those in the biomedical field, and for users and vendors of impedance-measuring instrumentation.
Download or read book Developments in Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy for Applications to Multiphase Systems written by Enrico Daviddi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemical Scanning Probe Methods for the Investigation of Passivating Surface Films and Permeable Media written by Nicholas Payne and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Electrochemical scanning probe microscopy has exploded in popularity since the late 1980's and widespread adoption for routine materials analysis is swiftly become a reality. In practice, for any technique, widening the material scope, particularly for industrially-relevant materials that bring much greater levels of heterogeneity and complexity in structure, is accompanied by new instrument and theory development.This thesis demonstrates that electrochemical microscopy is capable of quantitative analysis of substrate permeability - a very common but challenging to acquire property in industrially-relevant composite electrodes and corroding materials. Measurements are performed on permeable materials in situ and can thus account for material swelling and active growth of surface films as well as identify electroactive nanoscale defects. Specifically we explore each of the major electrochemical microscopy methods, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and through a combination of experiment and simulation, we demonstrate that mass transport within permeable surface layers can be predicted and therefore isolated from the electrochemical reactivity of the substrate.With SECM, we derived and validated analytical equations that allow rapid determination of film porosity through non-linear curve fitting of routine approach curve measurements. Furthermore, we validated the possible implementations of the equations based on the morphology of the surface film and identified any limitations for routine use. For SICM, we demonstrated that the critical parameter, ionic conductivity within a permeable layer has a significant impact on routine imaging but can also be quantified with approach curves. We present for the first time, direct measurement of ionic conductivity within a permeable film with SICM using a lithium-ion battery cathode film. Finally, with SECCM we took advantage of its well-defined spatial resolution to resolve and assess the size of nanoscale defects in a polymeric thin film. We also introduced the density plot as a new analysis method for SECCM that consolidated the large data sets obtained by experiment and facilitates correlation with simulation"--
Download or read book Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy written by Allen J. Bard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-04-18 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy describes the theory and operating principles of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), including instrumentation, tip preparation, imaging techniques and potentiometric probes. The book explores applications relevant to electron transfer reactions, reaction kinetics, chemical events at interfaces, biologica
