Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Download or read book Scaling Up Prevention of Mother to child Transmission of HIV written by Margaret Reeves and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is an essential tool in the fight against HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT approach includes four components: primary prevention of HIV among women of childbearing age; preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV; preventing HIV transmission from women living with HIV to their infants; and providing appropriate treatment, care, and support to women living with HIV and their children and families. It is estimated that PMTCT, when done exceptionally well, can reduce the rate of transmission of HIV in pregnancy, at birth, and while breastfeeding, from 25 to 45 percent to less than 2 percent. Mother-to-child transmission accounted for over 90 percent of the estimated 370,000 new HIV infections among children in 2009. Better PMTCT programs have the promise of significantly reducing this number. The United States has an opportunity to make rapid progress on PMTCT in the 14 countries where PEPFAR is already partnering with governments to implement PMTCT Acceleration Plans. To facilitate progress more broadly, the United States should use its leadership role and influence in global health to encourage other donors, partner organizations, and institutions such as the Global Fund to do more to lower the incidence of mother-to-child transmission. Through its own programming and diplomatic partnerships, the United States can do better by addressing more aggressively stigma and gender inequity, integrating programs, and strategically targeting investments to address persistent obstacles.

Download or read book Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey 2011 written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book African Successes Volume II written by Sebastian Edwards and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-09-25 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of African economic development frequently focus on the daunting challenges the continent faces. From recurrent crises to ethnic conflicts and long-standing corruption, a raft of deep-rooted problems has led many to regard the continent as facing many hurdles to raise living standards. Yet Africa has made considerable progress in the past decade, with a GDP growth rate exceeding five percent in some regions. The African Successes series looks at recent improvements in living standards and other measures of development in many African countries with an eye toward identifying what shaped them and the extent to which lessons learned are transferable and can guide policy in other nations and at the international level. The second volume in the series, African Successes: Human Capital turns the focus toward Africa’s human capital deficit, measured in terms of health and schooling. It offers a close look at the continent’s biggest challenges, including tropical disease and the spread of HIV.

Download or read book Towards the Elimination of Mother to child Transmission of HIV written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Impressive advances in scaling up programmes for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV have been made in many low-income and middle-income countries. However, these successes have not been seen yet in the Eastern Mediterranean/Middle East and North Africa (EM/MENA) Region, and special efforts are needed in this Region to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A situation analysis shows that while most countries in the Region are characterized as having a low level or concentrated epidemic, the EM/MENA Region is among the top two regions in the world with the fastest growing HIV epidemics. Three countries--Djibouti, Somalia and South Sudan--are already experiencing generalized epidemics. The health sector response to HIV has been variable; some countries have made great strides to better understand their epidemic and to scale up testing and treatment. However, regional antiretroviral therapy coverage remains low at 13% (2011). The scaling-up of PMTCT interventions in the Region has been generally slow. Primary prevention efforts may have missed the women who are usually infected by spouses, but who have little, if any, awareness of their risk. Data on unmet need for family planning among all women, including HIV-infected women, are not widely available. HIV testing for pregnant women is not universally offered and coverage for the Region remains one of the lowest in the world. Consequently, coverage of pregnant women receiving the most effective antiretroviral regimen for PMTCT in 2010 was less than 5%. The Region has embraced the global vision for elimination of new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive. It has adopted the overall global goals of reducing the number of new HIV infections among children by 90% by 2015, and reducing the number of AIDS-related maternal deaths by 50%, also by 2015. Further, experts in the Region have determined that the globally-endorsed, comprehensive approach to prevention of mother-to-child transmission is essential for the elimination of HIV infections among children. This approach includes primary prevention; preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV; preventing transmission of HIV from HIV-infected pregnant women to their children; and providing treatment, care and support to mothers, children and families living with HIV. The regional initiative "Towards the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the Middle East and North Africa" demonstrates the Region's commitment to the elimination of new HIV infections among children, and will guide countries to move productively and expeditiously toward this goal. The initiative is not separate from the goal of universal access to prevention, treatment and care but rather forms part of the comprehensive HIV response, and will also contribute to the progress being made to reach the targets of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals 4, 5 and 6. This document is designed to provide the Region with a common systematic approach to the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The framework serves as a tool to advocate for government endorsement of the elimination initiative. The intended audience for this document includes implementing partners, programme managers, clinicians and networks of people living with HIV."--Executive summary, p. 5.

Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.

Download or read book Gender Dimensions of HIV Status Disclosure to Sexual Partners written by Suzanne Maman and published by . This book was released on 2003-05 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review paper synthesizes the current information available on HIV status disclosure in terms of rates barriers and outcomes of HIV status disclosure among HIV-infected individuals. Particular emphasis is placed on women's experiences with disclosure to sexual partners. The report also aims to identify major barriers and describe programmatic and policy strategies that have been adopted to address these barriers and support women through the disclosure process.

Download or read book HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents written by Raziya Bobat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-27 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference work on pediatric HIV infection and covers the full bandwidth of topics from an introduction to pathogenesis and epidemiology, over the transmission of the HI virus, to clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention strategies. Diseases and disorders occurring in HIV infected persons are discussed in detail. The book covers special populations, such as neonates born to an HIV positive mother and adolescents and examines the specific ways of managing HIV disease in these patient groups. This is the first book to cover palliative care as well as ethical, legal and social issues of HIV infection.

Download or read book Guidance on global scale up of the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV towards universal access for women infants and young children and eliminating HIV and AIDS among children written by WHO (Geneva). and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Designing More Effective Programs to Prevent HIV Transmission written by The aids2031 Consortium and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook version of the printed book. This Element is an excerpt from AIDS: Taking a Long-Term View (9780132172592) by the aids2031 Consortium. Available in print and digital formats. What we’ve learned about building prevention programs that can dramatically reduce the worldwide impact of AIDS. If the picture of AIDS is to be substantially more favorable in 2031 than it is today, markedly greater progress is required in preventing new infections. Given the rate at which the pandemic is outpacing programmatic scale-up, incremental improvements won’t suffice. Prevention programs will need to have radically greater impact....

Download or read book Preventing and Responding to Gender based Violence in Middle and Low income Countries written by Sarah Bott and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, patterns of violence against women differ markedly from violence against men. For example, women are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted or killed by someone they know. The United Nations has defined violence against women as "gender-based" violence, to acknowledge that such violence is rooted in gender inequality and is often tolerated and condoned by laws, institutions, and community norms. Violence against women is not only a profound violation of human rights, but also a costly impediment to a country's national development. While gender-based violence occurs in many forms throughout the life cycle, this review focuses on two of the most common types-physical intimate partner violence and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Unfortunately, the knowledge base about effective initiatives to prevent and respond to gender-based violence is relatively limited. Few approaches have been rigorously evaluated, even in high-income countries. And such evaluations involve numerous methodological challenges. Nonetheless, the authors review what is known about more and less effective-or at least promising-approaches to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. They present definitions, recent statistics, health consequences, costs, and risk factors of gender-based violence. The authors analyze good practice initiatives in the justice, health, and education sectors, as well as multisectoral approaches. For each of these sectors, they examine initiatives that have addressed laws and policies, institutional reforms, community mobilization, and individual behavior change strategies. Finally, the authors identify priorities for future research and action, including funding research on the health and socioeconomic costs of violence against women, encouraging science-based program evaluations, disseminating evaluation results across countries, promoting investment in effective prevention and treatment initiatives, and encouraging public-private partnerships.

Download or read book PMTCT Strategic Vision 2010 2015 written by Millennium Development Goals and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The President s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief written by Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Review of the HIVNET 012 Perinatal HIV Prevention Study written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-08-05 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 afflicts hundreds of thousands of children every year, especially in parts of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV infection is prevalent and resources are limited. This tragic reality has spurred researchers to search for an effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment that could reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. The HIVNET 012 trial was designed to provide preliminary information on the comparative safety and efficacy of two relatively simple and inexpensive short courses of oral antiretroviral treatment likely to be feasible in resource-limited settings. The resulting report identified some problems with procedures and documentation, but concluded that these issues did not compromise the results of the study. However, these issues have led to public scrutiny and continued controversy. Review of the HIVNET 012 Perinatal HIV Prevention Study critically and objectively evaluates the study's design and conduct, and assesses the impact of the initial procedural issues on the validity of the overall findings and conclusions of the trial.

Download or read book Guidance on Global Scale up of the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Towards universal access for women infants and young children and eliminating HIV and AIDS among Children written by Who and published by . This book was released on 2008-04 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Access to HIV Prevention written by Global HIV Prevention Working Group and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report by the Global HIV Prevention Working Group provides, for the first time, a region-by-region analysis of gaps in access to HIV prevention interventions, examines current spending levels versus projected need, and recommends funding and programmatic activities to avert 29 million of the 45 million new HIV infections projected between 2002 and 2010."--T.p verso.

Download or read book The Economic Feasibility and Potential Resource Requirements of Scaling Up Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Services in Zambia from a Provider s Perspective written by Mpuma Kamanga and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: