Download or read book Scalability of a Tension Cone Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator written by Alejandro Pensado and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-class missions to Mars will require larger and safer payloads than current technology can achieve. The inflatable aerodynamic decelerator concept has the potential to meet these needs which will enable human-class missions to Mars for a desired 2030s window. This concept, started in the 1960s for the Viking missions, involves a deployable inflatable aeroshell designed for missions with entry, descend and land stages. Research fluctuated in the following decade from minor development in the 1980s to an increased interest in recent years including international entities. The continuing research resulted in two major designs: Supersonic and hypersonic decelerators. The objective of this thesis is to systematically study the scalability of the supersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator tension cone and computationally simulate the minimum inflation pressure required for Earth and Mars deployment conditions. The scalability study is based on the 0.6-meter diameter tension cone model studied in the supersonic wind tunnel tests conducted at NASA Glenn Research Center. The scaling parameters chosen to investigate the deployment performance of 14, 17, 20, and 23-meter tension cones are Reynolds number, Froude number, ballistic coefficient, and mass efficiency at a fixed Mach number. Scaling the Reynolds number showed the tension cones operate under laminar flow conditions. Matching the Froude number determined that a larger tension cone is more effective in decelerating the entry vehicle and less effective in a Mars atmosphere compared to an Earth atmosphere. Both the ballistic coefficient and mass efficiency showed that a larger tension cone is less efficient at decelerating because the mass increase of the tension cone overwhelms the effect of increasing the diameter of the tension cone. The velocity to match each scaling parameter was calculated for the 0.6-meter model. These results were compiled into eight potential case studies to investigate the tension cone at these deployment conditions.The objective of the simulations was to determine time history of forces at the scaled conditions, inflation pressure required for deployment, and minimum inflation pressure required to prevent buckling. The computational work focused on the Earth and Mars cases for the 0.6-meter tension cone with the scaled conditions to match the 14-meter tension cone. Matching the Mach number was used as the validation, where the simulation and experimental axial forces agreed with minimal error. In order to determine the inflation pressure required for deployment, the internal pressure of the torus was reduced until the tension shell began to wrinkle. Wrinkles indicate structural failure and eventual torus buckling. The Mach, Reynolds, and Froude number simulations yielded similar results. Fully deployed, the tension cone had small oscillations, wrinkling appeared and became more prominent as the structure began to fail until the torus buckled. The mass efficiency simulation experienced higher axial force, resulting in more violent tension cone oscillations. The torus experienced a bending moment until the structure buckled. This indicates the axial force load limit on the tension cone. The data were compiled shows a linear relationship between minimum torus inflation pressure and axial loading. This allows tension cone mass optimization for future designs.
Download or read book Aeroelastic Analysis and Testing of Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators written by Christopher Lee Tanner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current limits of supersonic parachute technology may constrain the ability to safely land future robotic assets on the surface of Mars. This constraint has led to a renewed interest in supersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator (IAD) technology, which offers performance advantages over the DGB parachute. Two supersonic IAD designs of interest include the isotensoid and tension cone, named for their respective formative structural theories. Although these concepts have been the subject of various tests and analyses in the 1960s, 1970s, and 2000s, significant work remains to advance supersonic IADs to a technology readiness level that will enable their use on future flight missions. In particular, a review of the literature revealed a deficiency in adequate aerodynamic and aeroelastic data for these two IAD configurations at transonic and subsonic speeds. The first portion of this research amended this deficiency by testing flexible IAD articles at relevant transonic and subsonic conditions. The data obtained from these tests showed that the tension cone has superior drag performance with respect to the isotensoid, but that the isotensoid may demonstrate more favorable aeroelastic qualities than the tension cone. Additionally, despite the best efforts in test article design, there remains ambiguity regarding the accuracy of the observed subscale behavior for flight scale IADs. Due to the expense and complexity of large-scale testing, computational fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analyses will play an increasingly significant role in qualifying flight scale IADs for mission readiness. The second portion of this research involved the verification and validation of finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes for use within an FSI framework. These verification and validation exercises lend credence to subsequent coupled FSI analyses involving more complex geometries and models. The third portion of this research used this FSI framework to predict the static aeroelastic response of a tension cone IAD in supersonic flow. Computational models were constructed to mimic the wind tunnel test articles and flow conditions. Converged FSI responses computed for the tension cone agreed reasonably well with wind tunnel data when orthotropic material models were used and indicated that current material models may require unrealistic input parameters in order to recover realistic deformations. These FSI analyses are among the first results published that present an extensive comparison between FSI computational models and wind tunnel data for a supersonic IAD.
Download or read book Aerodynamic Design Analysis and Validation of a Supersonic Inflatable Decelerator written by Ian Gauld Clark and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of supersonic wind tunnel tests conducted at the NASA Glenn and Langley Research Centers tested both rigid and flexible tension cone models. Testing of rigid force and moment models and pressure models demonstrated the new design to have favorable performance including drag coefficients between 1.4 and 1.5 and static stability at angles of attack from 0o. to 20o. A separate round of tests conducted on flexible tension cone models showed the system to be free of aeroelastic instability. Deployment tests conducted on an inflatable model demonstrated rapid, stable inflation in a supersonic environment. Structural modifications incorporated on the models were seen to reduce inflation pressure requirements by a factor of nearly two. Through this test program, this new tension cone IAD design was shown to be a credible option for a future flight system. Validation of CFD analyses for predicting aerodynamic IAD performance was also completed and the results are presented. Inviscid CFD analyses are seen to provide drag predictions accurate to within 6%. Viscous analyses performed show excellent agreement with measured pressure distributions and flow field characteristics. Comparisons between laminar and turbulent solutions indicate the likelihood of a turbulent boundary layer at high supersonic Mach numbers and large angles of attack.
Download or read book Static Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of Some Supersonic Decelerator Models at Mach Numbers of 2 30 and 4 63 written by Edwin E. Davenport and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Structural Sensitivity Study of Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator Using Probabilistic Methods written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acceptance of new spacecraft structural architectures and concepts requires validated design methods to minimize the expense involved with technology validation via flighttesting. This paper explores the implementation of probabilistic methods in the sensitivity analysis of the structural response of a Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD). HIAD architectures are attractive for spacecraft deceleration because they are lightweight, store compactly, and utilize the atmosphere to decelerate a spacecraft during re-entry. However, designers are hesitant to include these inflatable approaches for large payloads or spacecraft because of the lack of flight validation. In the example presented here, the structural parameters of an existing HIAD model have been varied to illustrate the design approach utilizing uncertainty-based methods. Surrogate models have been used to reduce computational expense several orders of magnitude. The suitability of the design is based on assessing variation in the resulting cone angle. The acceptable cone angle variation would rely on the aerodynamic requirements. Lyle, Karen H. Langley Research Center NASA/TM-2014-218290, L-20406, NF1676L-18818
Download or read book Deployment Mechanics for an Inflatable Tension cone Decelerator written by Albert C. Kyser and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerodynamic Characteristics of Towed Cones Used as Decelerators at Mach Numbers from 1 57 to 4 65 written by Nickolai Charczenko and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towed and sting-supported cones were tested in the wake of various payloads at supersonic speeds to determine their drag and stability characteristics. The investigation extended over a Mach number range from 1.57 to 4.65 and included such variables as Reynolds number, cone angle, ratio of cone base diameter to payload base diameter, and trailing distance. Cones towed in the wake of a symmetrical payload at supersonic speeds, in general, had good drag and stability characteristics if towed in the supersonic flow region. A cone with an included angle between 80 and 90 degrees gave 2 maximum drag while still maintaining stability. In order to minimize wake effects, the ratio of cone base diameter to payload base diameter should be at least one and preferably around three. A trailing distance of three times the payload base diameter, in most cases, is of sufficient length to avoid low drag and instability of the decelerator. (Author).
Download or read book Deployment and Performance Characteristics of 1 5 meter Supersonic Attached Inflatable Decelerators written by Herman L. Bohon and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator Hiad Technology Development Overview written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful flight of the Inflatable Reentry Vehicle Experiment (IRVE)-3 has further demonstrated the potential value of Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD) technology. This technology development effort is funded by NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) Game Changing Development Program (GCDP). This paper provides an overview of a multi-year HIAD technology development effort, detailing the projects completed to date and the additional testing planned for the future. Hughes, Stephen J. and Cheatwood, F. McNeil and Calomino, Anthony M. and Wright, Henry S. and Wusk, Mary E. and Hughes, Monica F. Ames Research Center; Langley Research Center NF1676L-16795
Download or read book Preliminary structural sensitivity study of hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator using probabilistic methods written by Karen H. Lyle and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Analysis with Test for Static Loading of Two Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator Concepts written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acceptance of new spacecraft structural architectures and concepts requires validated design methods to minimize the expense involved with technology demonstration via flight-testing. Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD) architectures are attractive for spacecraft deceleration because they are lightweight, store compactly, and utilize the atmosphere to decelerate a spacecraft during entry. However, designers are hesitant to include these inflatable approaches for large payloads or spacecraft because of the lack of flight validation. This publication summarizes results comparing analytical results with test data for two concepts subjected to representative entry, static loading. The level of agreement and ability to predict the load distribution is considered sufficient to enable analytical predictions to be used in the design process. Lyle, Karen H. Langley Research Center NASA/TM-2015-218778, L-20573, NF1676L-21778
Download or read book Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator HIAD Torus Mechanical Testing written by Tony Chen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Scientific and Technical Reports written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Supersonic Aerodynamics written by Johns Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA SP written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aeronautical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA).
