Download or read book Satellite Measurements of Maritime Aerosol Parameters written by Michael Griggs and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A two-channel analysis has been made of NOAA-6 AVHRR data obtained at Barbados in 1980 in conjunction with multispectral ground truth sunphotometer measurements of the aerosol optical thickness. The AVHRR Channel 1 (0.65 micrometers) and Channel 2 (0.86 micrometers) radiances were used to infer the aerosol optical thickness and the Junge size distribution parameter nu, and were compared with the corresponding ground truth values. The analysis has shown, in spite of uncertainties in the accuracy of both the ground truth and satellite data, that the AVHRR Channel 1 and Channel 2 radiances can provide useful estimates of nu to support the aerosol content estimates previously demonstrated.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Marine Aerosol Optical Depth and Satellite sensed Sea Surface Temperature written by Susan K. Runco and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multichannel sea surface temperatures (MCSST) computed from NOAA 7 AVHRR channels 4 and 5 are compared to sea surface temperatures measured by an aircraft radiometer (PRT-5). This data set was collected in Fall, 1982 off the southern Californian coast. The MCSST was warmer by 0.82 degrees in the area aerosol effects did not offset increasing radiance due to vertically warming air temperature. As aerosols were able to offset the temperature contribution to radiance, the difference between MCSST and PRT-5 SST measurements decreased. Aerosol effects on infrared radiance were qualitatively examined using an atmospheric transmittance model (LOWTRAN 6). Comparing the model and PRT-5 results indicates that below the marine boundary layer, high aerosol extinction caused significant cooling. Above the boundary layer, aerosols scattered and emitted energy, generally decreasing the measured radiance. The emission moderated the decrease by increasing the radiance slightly.
Download or read book Satellite Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols written by M. Griggs and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An error analysis of the two-channel techniques has shown that the AVHRR noise will result in root-mean-square errors of about 0.40 in the size distribution parameter, and about 0.08N in aerosol content, N. These errors are increased due to the effects of undetected clouds in the field of view and variations in the ocean surface reflectance. Based on an analysis of the Barbados and USNS Hayes data, these environmental errors could be of the same magnitude for, and larger for N. However, because of uncertainties in the data set there is uncertainty in these estimates of the environmental errors. Originator supplied keywords include: Maritime aerosols, Satellite measurements, Errors analysis, Ocean radiance, Aerosol scattering, Sunphotometer measurements.
Download or read book Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Land written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosols have a significant influence on the Earth's radiation budget, but there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of their effect on the Earth's climate. Currently, satellite remote sensing is being increasingly utilized to improve our understanding of the effect of atmospheric aerosols on the climate system. Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Land is the only book that brings together in one volume the most up-to-date research and advances in this discipline. As well as describing the current academic theory, the book presents practical applications, utilizing state-of-the-art instrumentation, invaluable to the work of environmental scientists. With contributions by an international group of experts and leaders of correspondent aerosol retrieval groups, the book is an essential tool for all those working in the field of climate change.
Download or read book Satellite Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosols written by M. Griggs and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Aerosols Clouds and Precipitation written by Tanvir Islam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike. Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field
Download or read book Atmosphere Aerosol Phytoplankton and its Influence on Climate Forming in the Pacific Ocean written by Victoriya P. Yurchnik and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05-25 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmosphere Aerosol, Phytoplankton and its Influence on Climate Forming in the Pacific Ocean: Measurement New Methods is a collection of new articles by young academics, students and PhD students who participated in the 1st International Sailing Conference of Climate Forcing, held on the board the Sailing Training Ship Nadezhda in the Sea of Japan and the Okhtosk Sea in August 2010. The collection presents a vivid overview of current problems in the research fields of atmosphere aerosol, phytoplankton communities, volcanic activities and hydroacoastics in order to investigate climate change’s influence on phytoplankton communities. This collection of articles will be of interest to researchers and specialists in the fields of atmosphere and ocean monitoring, and climate forcing.
Download or read book Aerosol Remote Sensing written by Jacqueline Lenoble and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a much needed explanation of the basic physical principles of radiative transfer and remote sensing, and presents all the instruments and retrieval algorithms in a homogenous manner. The editors provide, for the first time, an easy path from theory to practical algorithms in one easily accessible volume, making the connection between theoretical radiative transfer and individual practical solutions to retrieve aerosol information from remote sensing, and providing the specifics and intercomparison of all current and historical retrieval methods.
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Claudio Tomasi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Download or read book Aerosol Measurement written by Pramod Kulkarni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications. This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.
Download or read book Air Pollution Measurements from Satellites written by Claus B. Ludwig and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study is presented on the remote sensing of gaseous and particulate air pollutants which is an extension of a previous report. Pollutants can be observed by either active or passive remote sensing systems. Calculations discussed herein indicate that tropospheric CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, NH3, HCHO, and CH4 can be measured by means of nadir looking passive systems. Additional species such as NO, HNO3, O3, and H2O may be measured in the stratosphere through a horizon experiment. A brief theoretical overview of resonance Raman scattering and resonance fluorescence is given. It is found that radiance measurements are most promising for general global applications, and that stratospheric aerosols may be measured using a sun occultation technique. The instrumentation requirements for both active and passive systems are examined and various instruments now under development are described.
Download or read book Satellite Meteorology written by Stanley Q. Kidder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-09-12 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At last, a book that has what every atmospheric science and meteorology student should know about satellite meteorology: the orbits of satellites, the instruments they carry, the radiation they detect, and, most importantly, the fundamental atmospheric data that can be retrieved from their observations. Key Features * Of special interest are sections on: * Remote sensing of atmospheric temperature, trace gases, winds, cloud and aerosol data, precipitation, and radiation budget * Satellite image interpretation * Satellite orbits and navigation * Radiative transfer fundamentals
Download or read book From the Satellite to the Earth s Surface Studies Relevant to NASA s Plankton Aerosol Cloud Ocean Ecosystems PACE Mission written by David Antoine and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth’s atmosphere and oceans play individual and interconnected roles in regulating climate and the hydrological system, supporting organisms and ecosystems, and contributing to the well-being of human communities and economies. Recognizing the importance of these two geophysical fluids, NASA designed the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud and ocean Ecosystems (PACE) mission to bring cutting edge technology to space borne measurements of the atmosphere and ocean. PACE will carry the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), a radiometer with hyperspectral capability from the ultraviolet through the near-infrared, plus eight discreet shortwave infrared bands. Thus, OCI will measure the broadest solar spectrum of any NASA instrument, to date. PACE’s second instrument will be a Multi-Angle Polarimeter (MAP). MAP will be NASA’s first imaging polarimeter on board a comprehensive Earth science mission. These instruments bring new capability to the science community, but also new challenges. Fundamentals, such as basic radiative transfer models, require review, enhancements and benchmarking in order to meet the needs of the atmosphereocean communities in the PACE era. Both OCI and MAP will bring opportunities to continue heritage climate data records of aerosols and clouds and to advance characterization of these atmospheric constituents with new macrophysical and microphysical parameters. The ability to better characterize atmospheric constituents is a necessity to better separate ocean and atmosphere signals in order to fully realize the potential of PACE measurements for oceanic observations. Atmospheric correction in the PACE era must address the expanded wavelength range and resolution of OCI images, requiring new approaches that go beyond heritage algorithms. This Research Topic encompasses fundamental radiative transfer studies, with application to the atmosphere, ocean or coupled atmosphere-ocean system. It includes remote sensing of aerosols, clouds and trace gases, over ocean or over land, but with particular focus on algorithms that take advantage of OCI’s new capabilities or multi-angle polarimetry. The Research Topic embraces studies of atmospheric correction over ocean including addressing issues of aerosols, cloud masking, foam, bubbles, ice etc., as well as ocean bio-optics and biogeochemical studies taking advantage of the PACE and polarization spectral capabilities.
Download or read book The Stratospheric Aerosol Layer written by R.C. Whitten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now a quarter of a century since Junge and his coworkers recovered the first sample from the sulfate aerosol layer in the stratosphere. Since that time vast strides have been made in determining its physical properties and morphology. These investigations have been performed with instruments on board aircraft and balloon platforms as in the early days, with ground-based lidar (optical radar), and most recently with satellite-borne optical instruments. It will become evident in Chapter 2 that in situ measurements by aircI'aft and ,balloon sensors complement rather than duplicate the remote techniques (lidar and satellite). Hence future programs will probably continue to utilize direct as well as indirect experimental techniques. Concurrently, with the observations of the gross properties of the aerosol layer, la~oratory and theoretical studies have sought to elucidate the chemical and micro physical processes which influence the formation and growth of the aerosol par ticles. The laboratory investigations have included studies of gas phase chemistry, and particle nucleation and growth mechanisms. Theoretical studies have revolved mainly around a series of models developed by atmospheric scientists. The earliest of these models was constructed by Junge and his colleagues. With the advent of third- and fourth-generation computers, the capacity to solve the quite complex continuity equations whi~h govern particle formation, growth, and removal has ad vanced to the point where most of the particle properties can be simulated with reasonable confidence.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Air Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling written by Patrick Buat-Ménard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.
Download or read book Aerosol Optical Depth Analysis with NOAA GOES and POES in the Western Atlantic written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm in the visible wavelengths for the NOAA POES AVHRR and GOES-8 visible imager is presented for the cloud free, marine atmosphere. The algorithm combines linearized single-scatter theory with an estimate of surface reflectance. Phase functions are parameterized using an aerosol size distribution model and the ratio of radiance values measured in channels 1 and 2 of the AVHRR. Retrieved satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) is compared to three land-based sun photometer stations located on islands in the western Atlantic during July and September, 2001. GOES-8 channel 1 (visible wavelength) radiance values were initially calibrated using techniques developed by Rao and Zhang (1999). Additional corrections to the channel 1 GOES-8 radiances were made by applying a linear offset factor obtained during the experimental time period through comparison with AVHRR radiances. The results for the GOES-derived AOD compare favorably to the Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET) AOD values. For both NOAA and GOES data, the comparison dataset has a correlation coefficient of 0.67 with a standard error of 0.7. During dusty conditions with corresponding higher AOD levels greater than or equal to 0.25, the general trend was for the satellite-derived AOD values to underestimate AERONET AOD values. Within these conditions, the scattering phase function pattern deviated from the expected pattern, especially between the scattering angles of 140 degrees to 180 degrees. Overall, the more accurate calculations of AOD occurred over scatter angles between 140 degrees to 150 degrees and 170 degrees to 180 degrees.
