Download or read book Salt marsh vegetation change detected by airborne remote sensing in the Westerschelde estuary Netherlands for the ISLED Project written by A G (Andy) Thomson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Airborne remote sensing using CASI of salt marshes in the Westerschelde estuary for the ISLED project written by A G (Andy) Thomson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Short term vegetation succession and erosion identified by airborne remote sensing of Westerschelde salt marshes The Netherlands written by A G (Andy) Thomson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring GIS Applications and Geology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salt Marshes written by Duncan M. FitzGerald and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt marshes are highly dynamic and important ecosystems that dampen impacts of coastal storms and are an integral part of tidal wetland systems, which sequester half of all global marine carbon. They are now being threatened due to sea-level rise, decreased sediment influx, and human encroachment. This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest salt marsh science, investigating their functions and how they are responding to stresses through formation of salt pannes and pools, headward erosion of tidal creeks, marsh-edge erosion, ice-fracturing, and ice-rafted sedimentation. Written by experts in marsh ecology, coastal geomorphology, wetland biology, estuarine hydrodynamics, and coastal sedimentation, it provides a multidisciplinary summary of recent advancements in our knowledge of salt marshes. The future of wetlands and potential deterioration of salt marshes is also considered, providing a go-to reference for graduate students and researchers studying these coastal systems, as well as marsh managers and restoration scientists.
Download or read book Saltmarsh Conservation Management and Restoration written by J. P. Doody and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book series looks at each of the main coastal habitats – salt marshes, sand dunes and sand/shingle shores, modified coastal grazing marshes/salinas and sea cliffs in turn. Each habitat is described in relation to its natural development and the way this has been influenced by human actions. The different states in which the habitats exist are reviewed against the pressures exerted upon them. Options for management are considered and the likely consequences of taking a particular course of action are highlighted.
Download or read book Biophysical Remote Sensing of Salt Marshes in South East United States written by Shuvankar Ghosh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study of salt marsh biophysical properties is imperative to understand its response to environmental change. We developed protocols for mapping biophysical properties of salt marshes such as Green Leaf Area Index (GLAI), Canopy Chlorophyll (CHLc), Vegetation Fraction (VF), and aboveground Green Biomass (GBM) using moderate resolution satellite images and in-situ data for the salt marshes in south-eastern United States. The time-series products derived using the biophysical models have been able to capture the spatio-temporal effects of the environmental events affecting the salt marshes of the region. We also tested the performance of different smoothing functions to derive noise-free phenology for Louisiana (LA) and Georgia (GA) salt marshes from the time-series GBM composites, and selected the best smoothing function to derive and analyze phenological parameters for salt marsh habitats. Long-term trend analysis of phenological parameters indicate positive changes in the base GBM values, and mostly negative changes in the GBM amplitude and small seasonal integral, which indicate overall progressive decline in the rates of photosynthesis and biomass allocation in the salt marsh ecosystem. This observed decline in photosynthesis and biomass allocation may be attributed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and sea level rise. Finally we attempted to map Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) for a salt marsh habitat in the Gulf Coast, using the GBM composites and in-situ GPP estimates from eddy covariance CO2 flux towers. The time-series composites and phenological charts developed using the biophysical GPP model was able to capture the effect of different environmental events such as dieback and hurricane landfall. The results illustrate the relative efficiency of MODIS in analyzing salt marsh biophysical properties. This is the first study to employ MODIS images to study the long-term trends in biophysical characteristics of salt marshes in south-east United States. The methods described in this study as well as the biophysical products derived using the methods has the potential to improve our ability to predict their productivity and carbon sequestration potential. These techniques could also be used to assess the success of previous and ongoing salt marsh restoration projects, and evaluate the productivity of marshes under threat from both natural and anthropogenic drivers.
Download or read book The Ecology of a Salt Marsh written by L. R. Pomeroy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecologists have two long-standing ways to study large ecosystems such as lakes, forests, and salt-marsh estuaries. In the first, which G. E. Hutchinson has called the holological approach, the whole ecosystem is first studied as a "black box," and its components are investigated as needed. In the second, which Hutchinson has called the merological approach, the parts of the system are studied first, and an attempt is then made to build up the whole from them. For long-term studies, the holological approach has special advantages, since the general patterns and tentative hypotheses that are first worked out help direct attention to the components of the system which need to be studied in greater detail. In this approach, teams of investigators focus on major func tions and hypotheses and thereby coordinate their independent study efforts. Thus, although there have been waves, as it were, of investigators and graduate students working on different aspects of the Georgia salt-marsh estuaries (personnel at the Marine Institute on Sapelo Island changes every few years), the emphasis on the holo logical approach has resulted in a highly differentiated and well-coordinated long-term study. Very briefly, the history of the salt-marsh studies can be outlined as follows. First, the general patterns of food chains and other energy flows in the marshes and creeks were worked out, and the nature of imports and exports to and from the system and its subsystems were delimited.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Salt Marsh Vegetation Stress written by Bas Frank Oteman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Projections of Tidal Marsh Persistence Under Climate Change with Remote Sensing and Site Specific Data written by Kevin John Buffington and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal marshes are dynamic ecosystems that are threatened by climate change and sea-level rise. To characterize baseline condition and historic climate sensitivities, and improve projections into the future, new methods are required that integrate data from the field and remote sensing platforms. Marsh elevation response models can be calibrated with site-specific data to determine the vulnerability of a marsh to sea-level rise and help guide management decisions. Elevation models are sensitive to initial elevation, the rate of accretion, and aboveground biomass. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to develop techniques to improve these important model inputs and evaluate the range of spatial and temporal variation. Light detection and ranging (lidar) is an invaluable tool for collecting elevation data, however dense vegetation prevents the accurate measurement of the tidal marsh surface. In Chapter 2, I describe the development of a technique to calibrate lidar digital elevation models with survey elevation data using readily available multispectral aerial imagery from the National Agricultural Inventory Program (NAIP). Using survey elevation data across 17 Pacific Coast tidal marshes, I demonstrated the utility of the Lidar Elevation Adjustment with NDVI (LEAN) technique to account for the positive bias in lidar due to vegetation. LEAN reduced error from an average of 23.1 cm to 7.2 cm root mean squared error and removed the positive bias caused by vegetation. This increase in accuracy will facilitate more accurate assessments of current and future vulnerability to sea-level rise. The phenology of aboveground biomass in tidal marsh plants in relation to climate variation has not been explored in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). In Chapter 3 I explain how I leveraged the Landsat archive and cloud computing capabilities to assess how Tasseled Cap Greenness (TCG, a proxy for aboveground biomass) in three PNW tidal marshes has responded to recent variation in climate to characterize sensitivity to climate change. Through analysis of over 3700 Landsat images obtained from 1984-2015, I found increased annual precipitation resulted in a higher peak TCG, while warmer May temperatures resulted in an earlier day of peak TCG. These results also demonstrate how time-series analysis of remote sensing data can be used to examine the sensitivity of tidal marsh plants to climate variability and directional change. The range of variation in tidal marsh accretion rates has not been characterized across the PNW. For Chapter 4, I collected and analyzed twenty-two soil cores from eight estuaries to estimate historic accretion rates with radioisotope dating techniques and evaluated the amount and source of variation across estuaries. I found that tidal marshes across the PNW had accretion rates greater than the current rate of sea-level rise, ranging from 2.3 – 7.3 mm yr−1. Using a watershed-scale analysis, I found that long-term average annual fluvial discharge was the top predictor of tidal marsh accretion rates. Additionally, I found that calibrating the Wetland Accretion Rate Model for Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER) with accretion rate data from nearby estuaries can result in uncertainties of up to 41% (50 cm) after 100 years. Finally, in Chapter 5, I demonstrate that a range of 62 cm of error is possible in WARMER models after a 100 year simulation when both uncorrected lidar and non-local accretion rates are used, fundamentally changing the interpretation of the results. Altogether, this dissertation illustrates the importance of collecting site-specific wetland vegetation and elevation data and demonstrates how lidar and multispectral remote sensing data can be leveraged to improve our understanding of how climate variability and change impacts coastal ecosystems.
Download or read book Connecticut s Changing Salt Marshes written by Mark Douglas Hoover and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantification of Salt Marsh Carbon Stocks written by Ranjani W. Kulawardhana and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent climatic change projections have increased scientific and public attention on the issues relating to carbon cycling patterns, its controls, and the importance of ecosystems in the cycling and sequestration process. Global carbon studies, however, primarily have focused on dry land ecosystems that extend over large areas and have not accounted for the relatively small and scattered, though highly carbon rich, ecosystems such as mangrove swamps and salt marshes. Using data from a Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marsh in Galveston, Texas this study integrates remote sensing data (multispectral and Light Detection and Ranging - lidar) with field measurements for the quantification of carbon pools in salt marsh ecosystems. Findings in this study show the capability of remote sensing data for the characterization of salt marsh terrain and vegetation heights and the estimation of above-ground biomass quantities. The best biomass prediction models using lidar heights reported considerably low errors, i.e. the percent root square errors (% RSEs) are close to 20%, which is the recommended error threshold for remote sensing based forest biomass prediction models. Our findings also demonstrate that lidar as compared to spectral data can provide better estimates of above-ground biomass and carbon, even in the herbaceous and low-relief context of a salt marsh. A clear zonation of terrain, vegetation characteristics and the distribution of biomass quantities within the marsh extent was also observed. Distribution of biomass quantities revealed linkages with the elevation. Variations in soil properties (i.e. carbon and bulk density) in the soil profile were linked to the temporal changes in soil carbon accumulations on the marsh surface, relative sea level history and resulting vegetation transitions as corroborated by historical aerial images. In general, the amounts of soil carbon stored in recently established Spartina alterniflora intertidal marshes were significantly lower than those that have remained in situ for a longer period of time. These findings indicate that, even though salt marshes can respond to relative sea level rise by migrating landward, their status as a carbon sink varies as a function of both space and time. Thus, in order to predict carbon in a wetland, researchers need to know not only the elevation, the relative sea level rise rate, and the accretion rate - but also the history of land cover change and vegetation transition. Findings of this study contribute to carbon quantification efforts in these vulnerable ecosystems. Further, these findings will also contribute to the increased understanding of the capabilities of remote sensing datasets and techniques for the quantification of these important carbon stocks. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151840
Download or read book Decadal Changes in Salt Marsh Succession and Assessing Salt Marsh Vulnerability Using High Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery written by Sarah Goldsmith and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Change in the coastal zone is accelerating with external forcing by sea-level rise, nutrient loading, drought and over-harvest is impacting salt marshes. Understanding marsh resilience, including recovery from coastal storms and detection of stress, is essential for conservation and prediction of ecosystem services. The ‘chronosequence approach’ of predicting future state change by examining ecosystem structure and function in existing ecosystems of different ages is a powerful tool, but assumes that the past mimics the future, and time is the dominant driver of change. This approach was evaluated by replicating a 1995 salt marsh chronosequence study in back-barrier marshes ranging from 4 to >170 yr old on Hog Island, Virginia. Physico-chemical properties, such as porewater redox potential and sediment organic matter and nutrients, followed predictable age-related patterns. However, invertebrate abundance, plant biomass, and sediment grain size instead seemed to respond to sea level rise and stochastic die-off and sand deposition. Thus, while time drives the intrinsic evolution of some physico-chemical components, extrinsic drivers exert a strong influence on key biotic-abiotic feedbacks. Exacerbation of external forcing may push the trajectory of marsh succession away from a predictable trajectory, limiting ecosystem services. This rapid evolution of marsh state makes the ability to detect stressors prior to marsh collapse important. Hyperspectral imagery of plants was collected in marshes of varying age/stressor characteristics, including salinity, sediment redox potential and nitrogen availability, and in the greenhouse, where environmental conditions were manipulated. Models developed to stressors based on plant spectral response were useful for salinity and nitrogen within the greenhouse or within the field, but were not transferable from lab to field. This study is an important step towards development of a remote sensing tool for tracking of ecosystem development, marsh health, and future ecosystem services."--Abstract.
Download or read book Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Salt Marsh Vegetation in Morro Bay written by Michael J. Sauer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) noise reduction method was employed with aircraft retrieved hyperspectral reflectance data in combination with a Mixture-Tuned Matching algorithm (MTMF) to map distributions of pickleweed and jaumea in Morro Bay, CA.
Download or read book Assessing seasonal vegetation change in coastal wetlands with airborne remote sensing written by G M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring Salt Marsh Condition and Change with Satellite Remote Sensing written by Anthony Daniel Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Embracing the salt marsh written by J.A.W. Nicolay and published by Barkhuis. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a modern-day perspective, it may seem odd that people should have chosen to dwell in the open salt-marsh landscape along the Wadden Sea coast. While the beauty of the salt marshes is widely acknowledged, the idea of living there seems to suggest struggle and misery. Yet the salt-marsh settlers, dwelling on their settlement mounds or terps, did not just ‘survive' or ‘get by', but actually managed to live a good life, by embracing this marshy world and its peculiarities. This collection of papers focuses on foraging, farming and food preparation in the context of the salt-marsh environment. The various contributions celebrate the career and work of Annet Nieuwhof, who has been an inspirational colleague and great friend to many of us. She passionately embraced terp research, always actively stimulating cooperation across disciplines as well as national borders. Reflecting some of Annet's wide-ranging interests, the present volume is dedicated to her in friendship and gratitude.
