Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress 1789 2003 written by Paul E. Dwyer and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Congressional salaries initially were USD1,500. By 1968, they had risen to USD30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991, but two other methods are now also available, an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process. Contents: Preface; Salaries of Members of Congress: Payable Rates and Effective Dates, 1789-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Current Procedures and Recent Adjustments; Index.
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Paul E. Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salaries for Members of Congress written by Paul E. Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Constitution, in Article I, Section 6, authorizes compensation for Members of Congress "ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States." Throughout American history, Congress has relied on three different methods in adjusting salaries for Members. Specific legislation was last used to provide increases in 1990 and 1991. It was the only method used by Congress for many years. The second method, under which annual adjustments took effect automatically unless disapproved by Congress, was established in 1975. From 1975 to 1989, these annual adjustments were based on the rate of annual comparability increases given to the General Schedule federal employees. This method was changed by the 1989 Ethics Act to require that the annual adjustment be determined by a formula based on certain elements of the Employment Cost Index (ECI). Under this revised process, annual adjustments were accepted 13 times (scheduled for January 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009) and denied 11 times (scheduled for January 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014). Since January 2009, the salary for Members of Congress has been $174,000. Subsequent adjustments were denied by P.L. 111-8 (enacted March 11, 2009), P.L. 111-165 (May 14, 2010), P.L. 111-322 (December 22, 2010), P.L. 112-175 (September 28, 2012), P.L. 112-240 (January 2, 2013), and P.L. 113-46 (October 17, 2013). A provision in the House-passed version of the FY2015 Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill (H.R. 4487, passed on May 1, 2014) would prohibit the scheduled January 2015 adjustment. In the 113th Congress, bills have been introduced to alter the adjustment procedure, reduce the pay of Members of Congress, extend the current pay freeze, prohibit pay during a government shutdown, and apply any sequester to Member pay. A third method for adjusting Member pay is congressional action pursuant to recommendations from the President, based on the recommendations of the Citizens' Commission on Public Service and Compensation established in the 1989 Ethics Reform Act. Although the Citizens' Commission should have convened in 1993, it did not and has not met since then. For historical tables on the rate of pay for Members of Congress since 1789; the adjustments projected by the Ethics Reform Act as compared with actual adjustments in Member pay; details on enacted legislation with language prohibiting the automatic annual pay adjustment; and Member pay in constant and current dollars since 1992, see CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables, by Ida A. Brudnick. Members of Congress only receive salaries during the terms for which they are elected. Former Members of Congress may be eligible for retirement benefits. For additional information on retirement benefit requirements, contributions, and formulas, see CRS Report RL30631, Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress, by Katelin P. Isaacs.
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Paul E. Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Ida A. Brudnick and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Paul E. Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Paul E Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Ida A. Brudnick and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes by what measures the Constitution requires Congress to determine its own pay, the annual payment adjustment procedure, changes in pay over time since 1789, and related legislation.
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congressional debate on salary increases for Members of Congress generally focuses on the adequacy of their current pay, the costs associated with being a Member of Congress, and prevailing economic and budgetary conditions. The U.S. Constitution, in Article I, Section 6, authorizes compensation for Members "ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States." Throughout American history, Congress has relied on three different methods in adjusting salaries of Members. Stand-alone legislation, the most frequently used method, was last used to provide increases in 1990 and 1991. It was the only method used by Congress until 1967, when Congress established the commission procedure. The second method, under which annual adjustments took effect automatically unless disapproved by Congress, was established in 1975. From 1975-1989, these annual adjustments were based upon the rate of annual comparability increases given to the General Schedule federal employees. This method was changed by the 1989 Ethics Act to require that the annual adjustment be based on certain elements of the Employment Cost Index. Under this revised process, annual adjustments were accepted eight times and denied five times. From 1989 to January 2003, the salary of Representatives increased from $96,600 to $154,700, and the salary of Senators from $98,400 to $154,700. Members last received a pay adjustment in January 2003, based upon the formula established in 1989, increasing by 3.1% to $154,700 from $150,000. In January 2004, Members are scheduled to receive a 2.2% annual adjustment, increasing their salary to $158,100. It is possible that Members will receive a 1.5% increase instead, if Congress does not approve the conference report on an omnibus spending bill by the end of 2003. The third method for adjusting Members' pay is adjustments made pursuant to recommendations from the President. These guidelines are based on the recommendations of a Citizens' Commission on Public Service and Compensation. Although the Citizens' Commission was to have convened in 1993, it did not and has not met since then. There is no current plan to use the procedure. This report describes the methods by which Members' pay can be adjusted, the most recent changes to these methods in 1989, and congressional actions on Members' pay issues since the late 1980s. Although the report covers pay adjustments for all Members, it does not address the differing pay rates for House and Senate leadership positions. Table 1 provides Members' payable salary rates, effective dates, and statutory authorities for 1789-2003.
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Congressional salaries initially were $1,500. By 1968, they had risen to $30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991, but two other methods are now also available, an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process. In January 2005, Members received a 2.5% increase under the annual adjustment procedure, increasing their salary to $162,100. They are scheduled to receive a 1.9% increase under the procedure in January 2006, to $165,200.
Download or read book Congressional Pay and Perks written by Ida Brudnick and published by The Capitol Net Inc. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Members were initially paid per diem. The first annual salaries, in 1815, were $1,500. Per diem pay was reinstituted in 1817. Congress returned to annual salaries, at a rate of $3,000, in 1855. By 1968, pay had risen to $30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991; but two other methods--including an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process--are now also available. The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current formula for automatic annual adjustments, which is based on changes in private sector wages and salaries as measured by the Employment Cost Index. The adjustment goes into effect automatically unless denied statutorily by Congress, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule employees. Allowances are available to Representatives and Senators to support them in their official and representational duties as Members. These allowances cover official office expenses, staff, mail, and other goods and services. Despite significant reductions in congressional mail postage costs over the past 20 years, critics continue to raise concerns that the franking privilege is both financially wasteful and gives unfair advantages to incumbents in congressional elections. In particular, mass mailings have come under increased scrutiny as critics argue that the vast majority of franked mail is unsolicited and, in effect, publicly funded campaign literature. Members of Congress first elected in 1984 or later are covered automatically under the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS), unless they decline this coverage. Those who already were in Congress when Social Security coverage went into effect could either remain in CSRS or change their coverage to FERS. Members are now covered under one of four different retirement arrangements: CSRS and Social Security; The "CSRS Offset" plan, which includes both CSRS and Social Security, but with CSRS contributions and benefits reduced by Social Security contributions and benefits; FERS and Social Security; or Social Security alone. Congressional pensions, like those of other federal employees, are financed through a combination of employee and employer contributions. All Members pay Social Security payroll taxes equal to 6.2% of the Social Security taxable wage base ($102,000 in 2008 and $106,800 in 2009). Members enrolled in FERS also pay 1.3% of full salary to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. In 2008, Members covered by CSRS Offset pay 1.8% of the first $102,000 of salary, and 8.0% of salary above this amount, into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. Under both CSRS and FERS, Members of Congress are eligible for a pension at age 62 if they have completed at least five years of service. Members are eligible for a pension at age 50 if they have completed 20 years of service, or at any age after completing 25 years of service. The amount of the pension depends on years of service and the average of the highest three years of salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member's retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary. After Members of the House leave office, they are afforded certain courtesies and privileges. Some are derived from House Rules, but many are courtesies that have been extended as a matter of custom. Former Representatives who become lobbyists have limited privileges. See full Table of Contents at https://www.thecapitol.net/Publications/GovernmentSeries/1657_CongressionalPayAndPerks.html
Download or read book A Brief History of Congressional Pay Legislation written by Paul E. Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report discusses the increase in salary of Members of Congress effective February 4, 1987 under the quadrennial pay procedure and includes the history of payable and legal salaries of Members of Congress for 1789-1987 and the effects of full comparability for 1975-1987.
Download or read book Congressional Members written by Clyde Chapman and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments. Members of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. A provision in the FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. This book contains information on the pay procedure and actions and freezes since the last pay adjustment in 2009. It also contains historical information on the rate of pay for Members of Congress since 1789; the adjustments projected by the Ethics Reform Act as compared to actual adjustments in Member pay; details on past legislation enacted with language prohibiting the annual pay adjustment; and Member pay in constant and current dollars since 1992. In addition, the book contains information on actions taken affecting each pay year since the establishment of the Ethics Reform Act adjustment procedure. It also provides information on other floor action related to pay for Members of Congress; examines the distribution of Member service that underlies the aggregate chamber averages is examined; and analyzes historical trends in the percentage of Members who have served in both chambers.
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress written by Ida A. Brudnick and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay but two other methods-including an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process-are now also available. This report contains information on the pay procedure and recent adjustments. It also contains historical information on the rate of pay for Members of Congress since 1789; the adjustments projected by the Ethics Reform Act as compared to actual adjustments in Member pay; details on past legislation enacted with language prohibiting the annual pay adjustment; and Member pay in constant and current dollars since 1992.
Download or read book Congressional Members written by Clyde Chapman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments. Members of Congress last received a pay adjustment in January 2009. A provision in the FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act prohibited any pay adjustment for 2010. This book contains information on the pay procedure and actions and freezes since the last pay adjustment in 2009. It also contains historical information on the rate of pay for Members of Congress since 1789; the adjustments projected by the Ethics Reform Act as compared to actual adjustments in Member pay; details on past legislation enacted with language prohibiting the annual pay adjustment; and Member pay in constant and current dollars since 1992. In addition, the book contains information on actions taken affecting each pay year since the establishment of the Ethics Reform Act adjustment procedure. It also provides information on other floor action related to pay for Members of Congress; examines the distribution of Member service that underlies the aggregate chamber averages is examined; and analyzes historical trends in the percentage of Members who have served in both chambers.
