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Book Safety Evaluation of Profiled Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Profiled Thermoplastic Pavement Markings written by U.s. Department of Transportation and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety evaluation of profiled thermoplastic pavement markings /

Book Safety Evaluation of Profiled Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Profiled Thermoplastic Pavement Markings written by Craig Lyon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical summary of the FHA report FHWA-HRT-17-076 program that studied the application of profiled thermoplastic pavement markings. The study involved upgrading existing markings from flat-line thermoplastic or other standard markings to the profiled product.

Book Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers written by Geni Brafman Bahar and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 518: Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers examines the safety performance of snowplowable permanent raised pavement markers on two-lane roadways and four-lane freeways"--Publisher's description.

Book Evaluation of All weather Pavement Markings

Download or read book Evaluation of All weather Pavement Markings written by Donald J. Migletz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of all-weather pavement markings (AWPMs), which are defined as pavement markings that are visible at night under dry conditions and also under rainy conditions up to 0.635 cm (0.25 in) per hour of rainfall. The evaluation included 85 study sites at which a total of 362 longitudinal pavement marking lines of various AWPM materials were installed. The materials evaluated included epoxy, methyl methacrylate, polyester, profiled tape, thermoplastic, and waterborne paint with various sizes and mixtures of glass beads.

Book Safety Evaluation of Wet reflective Pavement Markings

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Wet reflective Pavement Markings written by U.s. Department of Transportation and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety evaluation of wet-reflective pavement markings /

Book Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications

Download or read book Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications written by Michael J. Markow and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 408: Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications presents information on the use of pavement marking warranties by United States and Canadian transportation agencies, including agency specifications. European experience is also included in the report for comparison purposes. Appendices D and E for NCHRP Synthesis 408 are available online--

Book Safety Evaluation of Wet reflective Pavement Markings

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Wet reflective Pavement Markings written by Craig Lyon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Highway Administration organized a pooled fund study of 38 States to evaluate low-cost safety strategies as part of its strategic highway safety effort. One of the strategies selected for evaluation was the application of wet-reflective pavement markings. This strategy involves upgrading existing markings from standard marking materials to wet-reflective markings applied as a paint, tape, or thermoplastic material. The purpose was to provide an improved level of retroreflectivity in wet-road conditions. Geometric, traffic, and crash data were obtained for treated freeway sections in Minnesota, North Carolina, and Wisconsin; treated two-lane rural road locations in Minnesota; and treated multilane road sections in Wisconsin. To account for potential selection bias owing to regression-to-the-mean, an Empirical Bayes (EB) before-after analysis was conducted. The analysis also controlled for changes in traffic volumes over time and time trends in crash counts unrelated to the treatment. Intersection-related, snow/slush ice, and animal crashes were excluded from the analysis. For freeways, the combined results for all States indicated reductions in crashes that are statistically significant at the 95-percent confidence level for injury and wet-road crashes, with estimated crash modification factors (CMFs) of 0.881 and 0.861, respectively. For multilane roads, statistically significant reductions were estimated for total crashes (CMF = 0.825), injury crashes (CMF = 0.595), run-off-road crashes (CMF = 0.538), wet-road crashes (CMF = 0.751), and nighttime crashes (CMF = 0.696). For two-lane roads, the sample of crashes was too small to detect an effect with statistical significance for any of the crash types, but there were indications that the treatment had a safety benefit for wet-road crashes. Benefit-cost ratios estimated with conservative cost and service life assumptions were 1.45 for freeways and 5.44 for multilane roads. The results suggest that the treatment -- even with conservative assumptions on cost, service life, and value of a statistical life -- can be cost effective, especially for multilane roads.

Book Safety Evaluation of Stop Ahead Pavement Markings

Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Stop Ahead Pavement Markings written by Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Evaluation and Modeling of Pavement Marking Characteristics Based on Laboratory and Field Data

Download or read book Evaluation and Modeling of Pavement Marking Characteristics Based on Laboratory and Field Data written by Maged M. Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drivers rely on the visibility of pavement markings to maintain a safe road path especially during nighttime and challenging weather conditions. With the growing demand for pavement marking materials, durability and long-term weatherability of these products is critical. Current performance evaluation methodology using field test-deck protocols requires significant time and resources, and under these protocols the performance of a pavement marking can be monitored for a period of up to three years. In addition, safety-related issues such as exposing technical staff to road hazards while applying the marking materials and collecting measurements, along with road closure consequences, are of concern. The primary goals of this research were to develop an accelerated laboratory-based procedure that could evaluate the performance of pavement markings, overcome the shortcomings of current evaluation practice, and investigate the safety performance of pavement markings based on existing crash data and results from a driver simulation study. For the laboratory-based procedure, a three-wheel polisher device (TWPD) and xenon arc chamber (XAC) were employed to replicate varying traffic, snowplowing, and weather conditions. The deterioration of the physical measurements (i.e., dry and wet retroreflectivity, color change, and durability) of waterborne and thermoplastic markings was modeled. All of the performance measures logarithmically deteriorated under different TWPD loadings, except for the durability of the thermoplastic markings which followed a linear degradation function. A significant reduction in percent retroreflectivity was observed in the initial part of the TWPD testing but leveled out as the number of cycles increased. This deterioration pattern is similar to what occurs in the field, as retroreflectivity dramatically decreases after the first few months of installation and then stabilizes before the end of its service life. On the other hand, a linear increase in retroreflectivity and color change occurred during the artificial weathering exposure time (i.e. 2,000 hours) due to the change in surface physical properties. The color analysis revealed an important relationship between pavement marking retroreflectivity and color change. After traffic loading, all colors darkened due to the exposure of the black asphaltic color or the abrasion of the upper layer of marking, and in turn retroreflected less light while different color change patterns were experienced under the artificial weathering. The color analysis results showed that when a color closely resembles white, the sample retroreflected more light. The TWPD and weatherometer effectively simulated and accelerated the operational and environmental effects (e.g., traffic, snowplowing, sunlight, moisture, and temperature) so that assessment of pavement marking performance could be completed in an abbreviated time frame. The results yielded a significant relationship between all performance measures assessed in both the laboratory and field. Evaluating the performance of pavement marking products using an accelerated laboratory-based procedure provides a department of transportation (DOT) with a flexible tool to cope with the rapidly evolving industry through the establishment of guidelines that might be used for the selection and maintenance of the pavement markings. This procedure can be used to compare different marking materials and assess marking materials whether they bear severe traffic operating conditions or harsh climates before implementation in short period of time. To assess the safety performance of pavement markings, specifically on two-way, two-lane rural roads which are common in the state of Idaho, two separate approaches were adopted. First, a crash analysis study over eight years (2010-2017) on rural roads in Idaho was conducted to understand the relationship between retroreflectivity deterioration of edgelines and crash occurrence. Field retroreflectivity data for waterborne edgeline markings from thirty-eight sites were collected and modeled over twelve months across six districts with different environmental conditions. The results yielded a logarithmic relationship between retroreflectivity and age, and pavement markings in districts subjected to higher ground snow loads deteriorated faster than those with lower ground snow loads. This faster deterioration trend in northern districts was attributed to winter maintenance activities and harsh weather. Even though, a clear statistical pattern was determined for District 1, which was subjected to the higher ground snow loads among all districts, the methodology used in this study could not definitively conclude that crash rate increased with lower edgeline retroreflectivity. Second, a study using the University of Idaho's driving simulator was implemented to evaluate the safety effects of different edgeline pavement marking widths (e.g., 4-inch and 6-inch) and deteriorations (e.g., 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% deterioration) on driver behavior. The results indicated that statistically significant differences were observed during nighttime conditions when comparing the driver's lane deviation (vehicle's lateral position) between the wider 6-inch longitudinal edgeline pavement markings and standard 4-inch edgeline marking. Drivers consistently maintained a lane position that slightly favored the edgeline side when exposed to a 4-inch marking and increasingly shifted away from the centerline as edgeline deterioration worsened. The results of the statistical analysis implied that 4-inch markings and severely deteriorated pavement markings cause higher variation values in driver lateral position which in turn could affect overall driver safety. This research benefits transportation agencies, particularly those sited in cold-weather regions, by enabling them to predict the deterioration of marking materials and assist in the scheduling of maintenance marking projects to maximize the operational and safety benefits of the existing material. This research also make recommendations with regard to a minimum retroreflectivity threshold that should be maintained for pavement markings of two-way, two-lane rural roads and the use of wide pavement markings.

Book Evaluation of Long life Pavement Markings First Interim Report

Download or read book Evaluation of Long life Pavement Markings First Interim Report written by James E. Bryden and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Evaluation of Profiled Pavement Markings

Download or read book Evaluation of Profiled Pavement Markings written by Jay K. Lindly and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Evaluation of Construction zone Pavement Marking Materials

Download or read book Evaluation of Construction zone Pavement Marking Materials written by Kenneth R. Agent and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to evaluate available foil-back and removable tapes as well as construction-zone raised pavement markers and to recommend materials that should be included on approved lists for use by the Kentucky Department of Highways. Tapes and markers were placed on transverse test sections and the reflectivity, durability, and appearance were observed. Tapes to be included on the approved lists for foil-back and removable tapes were recommended. Tapes manufactured by 3M, Flex-O-Lite, Cataphote, and Swarolite were included on the list of acceptable foil-back tapes. Recommended removable tapes were the 3M and Cataphote removable tapes. Stimsonite 66 and Flex-O-Lite construction-zone markers were included on the approved list for construction-zone raised pavement markers. More specific guidelines were developed to use in future evaluations of construction-zone preformed tape and markers.