Download or read book Rural Households Vulnerability to Covariate and Idiosyncratic Shocks Using Multilevel Longitudinal Model written by Yalfal Temesgen Tigabu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic reports on income inequality, poverty, and other welfare indicators are relevant if it was supported by the evidence of income traps because rural households in developing countries were frequently hit by several shocks. This study intended to investigate the households' vulnerability to covariate and idiosyncratic shocks in Ethiopia using three waves of the household panel survey for the period of 2011-2016. The study applied a three-level mixed effect model for analysis. The result of the three-level mixed effect model points out that both covariate and idiosyncratic shocks) were found to influence household consumption and covariate shocks are a relatively larger and more significant effect on households' consumption than idiosyncratic shocks. Based on the finding of this study, it is suggested that the implementation of different policies that address factors contributing vulnerability to covariate and idiosyncratic shocks of rural households in Ethiopia.
Download or read book Measuring Households Vulnerability to Idiosyncratic and Covariate Shocks written by Md. Shafiul Azam and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kin transfers as safety nets in response to idiosyncratic and correlated shocks written by Herskowitz, Sylvan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-12-31 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While formal insurance is widespread in much of the developed world, households in lower-income countries continue to rely heavily on informal risk-sharing networks when faced with unexpected shocks. Kin networks of non-coresident family members may play an important role by providing each other with informal social protection, sharing resources in response to correlated production shocks (rainfall) or idiosyncratic household shocks (sickness and death). Using detailed panel data from Indonesia, we examine how inter-household transfers within a household’s kin network respond to different types of shocks and whether they are able to reduce household vulnerability. We find that households are exposed to meaningful risk from variations in local rainfall in the form of both income and household consumption. Rainfall substantially increases both transfers sent and received by households, suggesting that household and local supply effects dominate demand effects resulting from rainfall fluctuation. Finally, we find modest evidence that transfers reduce vulnerability of consumption to rainfall fluctuations by up to 11%, but do not find strong evidence on the efficacy of formal social protection programs.
Download or read book Measuring Vulnerability written by Ethan A. Ligon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional poverty measures neglect several important dimensions of household welfare. In this paper we construct a measure of 'vulnerability' which allows us to quantify the welfare loss associated with poverty as well as the loss associated with any of a variety of different sources of uncertainty. Applying our measure to a panel dataset from Bulgaria in 1994, we find that poverty and risk play roughly equal roles in reducing welfare. Aggregate shocks are more important than idiosyncratic sources of risk, but households headed by an employed, educated male are less vulnerable to aggregate shocks than are other households.
Download or read book No Small Matter written by Harold Alderman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education is often seen as a fundamental means to improve economic prospects for individuals from low income settings. However, even with increased emphasis on basic education for all, many individuals fail to achieve basic skills to succeed in life. The book presents evidence that one core reason is that by the time a child is old enough to attend school, there is already a wide disparity in cognitive skills and in emotional and behavioral development among children from households of different socioeconomic backgrounds. Low levels of cognitive development in early childhood strongly correlate with low socio-economic status (as measured by wealth and parental education) as well as malnutrition. These disadvantages are often exacerbated by economic crises. Fortunately, however, as documented in this volume, there are programs that have proven effective in promoting a child's development through caregiver-child interaction and stimulation, and with well designed preschool programs. While preschool programs currently cover a modest share of low income children, expansion of such services to at risk populations is a cost-effective means of improving overall educational achievement. Thus, focused preschool programs can serve as a key investment in a strategy to reduce the transmission of poverty from poor parents to their children."
Download or read book Multilevel Statistical Models written by Harvey Goldstein and published by Hodder Education. This book was released on 1995 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic linear multilevel model and its estimation - Extensions to the basic multilevel model - The multivariate multilevel model - Nonlinear multilevel models - Models for repeated meadures data - Multilevel models for discrete response data - Multilevel cross classification - Multilevel event history models - Multilevel models with measurement errors - Software for multilevel modelling; missing data and multilevel structural equation models.
Download or read book Vulnerability to Poverty written by M. Grimm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the current global crisis, high levels of volatility in trade, capital flows, commodity prices, aid, and the looming threat of climate change, this book brings together high-quality research and presents conceptual issues and empirical results to analyze the determinants of the vulnerability to poverty in developing countries.
Download or read book Health and Inequality written by Owen O'Donnell and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains methodological and empirical research on the measurement and causes of health inequality from leading experts in health economics and economic inequality. It is essential reading for researchers working on health inequality and provides an immediate reconnaissance of the frontiers for those entering this exciting field.
Download or read book Social Exclusion of Youth in Europe written by Marge Unt and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.Policymakers throughout Europe are enacting policies to support youth labour market integration. However, many young people continue to face unemployment, job insecurity, and the subsequent consequences.Adopting a mixed-method and multilevel perspective, this book provides a comprehensive investigation into the multifaceted consequences of social exclusion. Drawing on rich pan-European comparative and quantitative data, and interviews with young people from across Europe, this text gives a platform to the unheard voices of young people.Contributors derive crucial new policy recommendations and offer fresh insights into areas including youth well-being, health, poverty, leaving the parental home, and qualifying for social security.
Download or read book Institutional Economics Perspectives on African Agricultural Development written by Johann Kirsten and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Millions of Africans spend their entire lives poor, hungry, and malnourished, and most depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, either directly or indirectly. Despite its potential to drive economic growth and poverty reduction, however, African agricultural development has remained disappointing-whether because of underinvestment or poor returns to investments. This book, Institutional Economics Perspectives on African Agricultural Development, is inspired by the conviction that effective African agricultural development requires building better institutions. It provides an accessible synthesis of new institutional economics theory and research into understanding and improving African agriculture, particularly smallholder agriculture. Interspersing theory with case studies from a wide range of countries, the book addresses such policy issues as how markets for different commodities and services function in different political, cultural, and economic contexts. It not only makes an important contribution to the existing literature, but also provides development practitioners, policymakers, and graduate students working-or intending to work-in these fields with essential knowledge and tools for addressing these challenges. OVERVIEW: Theoretical and Conceptual Framework; Exchange in Goods and Services; Natural Resources Management; and An Institutional Perspective on the State: Its Role and Challenges."
Download or read book Sustainability of a Government Targeted Credit Program written by Shahidur R. Khandker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 304. Reviews the status and availability in developing countries of photovoltaic (PV) technology and looks at the prospects for using this technology in light of current energy use and costs of other energy sources. The report provides the necessary background information and highlights the questions raised and the calculations that must be made whenever PV applications are being considered in the developing world
Download or read book The Rhythm of Modernization How Values Change over Time written by Raül Tormos and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Rhythm of Modernization, Raül Tormos studies the pace at which belief systems change across the developed world during the modernization process. Contradicting value theories’ assumptions, citizens adapt their beliefs to new circumstances throughout life and modernization happens faster than predicted.
Download or read book Poverty Dynamics written by Tony Addison and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays provides a state-of-the-art examination of the concepts and methods that can be used to understand poverty dynamics. It does this from an interdisciplinary perspective and includes the work of anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and political scientists. The contributions included highlight the need to conceptualise poverty from a multidimensional perspective and promote Q-Squared research approaches, or those that combine quantitative and qualitative research. The first part of the book provides a review of the research on poverty dynamics in developing countries. Part two focuses on poverty measurement and assessment, and discusses the most recent work of world-leading poverty analysts. The third part focuses on frameworks for understanding poverty analysis that avoid measurement and instead utilise approaches based on social relations and structural analysis. There is widespread consensus that poverty analysis should focus on poverty dynamics and this book shows how this idea can practically be taken forward.
Download or read book The Evolution of China s Poverty Alleviation and Development Policy 2001 2015 written by Changsheng Zuo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-04 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains in simple language the change of perspective and the transition of the systems for poverty alleviation, based on the fifteen-year development of China’s poverty alleviation policy. Written by scholars from the International Poverty Reduction Center in China, Peking University and the China Agricultural University who have been engaged in the field of poverty alleviation for many years, the contributions combine views on China's poverty reduction policy with the authors’ personal experiences. It is a valuable reference resource for researchers at the forefront of poverty alleviation and also appeals to anyone interested in poverty alleviation and China’s poverty alleviation changes.
Download or read book Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship in Social Sustainable and Economic Development written by Sebastian Aparicio and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship have become a vehicle that offers solutions for social, environmental, and economic problems. Even though the level of entrepreneurial activity and its diversity have been motivated through public policies, social support has also played an important role in encouraging people to think of entrepreneurship as a desirable career choice. This book brings together analyses of those elements required for entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intention and action, which ultimately become important leverages of development. Chapters highlight the importance of rural, urban, university, organizational, and family environments for a bunch of intentions and behaviors such as green, sport, social, corporate, innovative, traditional, and gender entrepreneurship. This entrepreneurial diversity is translated into higher development through the empowerment of women, environmental consciousness, and efficient production. Policymakers, scholars, and practitioners can find different examples and cases useful for decision-making, learning, and practice in this book.
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Social Research Methods written by Pertti Alasuutari and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008-02-25 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Social Research Methods is a must for every social-science researcher. It charts the new and evolving terrain of social research methodology, covering qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods in one volume. The Handbook includes chapters on each phase of the research process: research design, methods of data collection, and the processes of analyzing and interpreting data. The volume maintains that there is much more to research than learning skills and techniques; methodology involves the fit between theory, research questions research design and analysis. The book also includes several chapters that describe historical and current directions in social research, debating crucial subjects such as qualitative versus quantitative paradigms, how to judge the credibility of types of research, and the increasingly topical issue of research ethics. The Handbook serves as an invaluable resource for approaching research with an open mind. This volume maps the field of social research methods using an approach that will prove valuable for both students and researchers.
Download or read book Measuring Empowerment written by Deepa Narayan-Parker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale poverty reduction depends on the effective empowerment of poor people themselves. This publication sets out a conceptual framework that can be used to monitor and evaluate empowerment programmes, based on papers written by practitioners and researchers in a wide variety of fields, including economics and political science, sociology and psychology, anthropology and demography. These papers draw on research and practical experience at different levels, from households to communities to nations and in various regions of the world.
