Download or read book The Alabama Knights of Pythias of North America South America Europe Asia Africa and Australia written by Marilyn T. Peebles and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Knights of Pythias fraternal organization was founded in 1865 by an Act of Congress. When African American men were denied membership, they created their own organization in Vicksburg, MS, in 1880. Its founder, Thomas Stringer, believed that fraternal organizations could provide the black community with business networks, economic safety nets, and political experience at a time when Jim Crow laws were being constructed all around them. In Birmingham, Alabama, these Pythians became the cornerstone of an African American business community that included the first black-owned and operated bank in the state. They provided burial, life, and disability insurance for members and became a source of civic pride and racial solidarity. When their right to exist was challenged, they took the case to the Supreme Court in 1912 and won. This strategy would be used decades later in Brown v. Board of Education.

Download or read book Bibliography of American Imprints to 1901 Date index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalog of Printed Books Supplement written by Bancroft Library and published by . This book was released on with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The National Union Catalog Pre 1956 Imprints written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Third Biennial Report of S W Green Supreme Chancellor to the Seventeenth Biennial Session of the Knights of Pythias of North America South America Europe Asia Africa and Australia the Supreme Lodge Thereof written by Knights of Pythias of North America and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Supreme Lodge and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book United States Reports written by United States. Supreme Court and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 2198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dictionary Catalog of the Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature History written by Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature and History and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dictionary Catalog written by Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature and History and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cases Argued and Decided in the Supreme Court of the United States written by United States. Supreme Court and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of American Imprints to 1901 Main part written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Supreme Court of the United States written by United States. Supreme Court and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete with headnotes, summaries of decisions, statements of cases, points and authorities of counsel, annotations, tables, and parallel references.

Download or read book United States Supreme Court Reports written by United States. Supreme Court and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete with headnotes, summaries of decisions, statements of cases, points and authorities of counsel, annotations, tables, and parallel references.

Download or read book Bibliography of American Imprints to 1901 Subject index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal written by Illinois. General Assembly. House of Representatives and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 2292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the House of Representatives written by Illinois. General Assembly. House of Representatives and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 2292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forgotten Hoosiers written by Coy D. Robbins and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book What a Mighty Power We Can Be written by Theda Skocpol and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the nineteenth through the mid-twentieth centuries, millions of American men and women participated in fraternal associations--self-selecting brotherhoods and sisterhoods that provided aid to members, enacted group rituals, and engaged in community service. Even more than whites did, African Americans embraced this type of association; indeed, fraternal lodges rivaled churches as centers of black community life in cities, towns, and rural areas alike. Using an unprecedented variety of secondary and primary sources--including old documents, pictures, and ribbon-badges found in eBay auctions--this book tells the story of the most visible African American fraternal associations. The authors demonstrate how African American fraternal groups played key roles in the struggle for civil rights and racial integration. Between the 1890s and the 1930s, white legislatures passed laws to outlaw the use of important fraternal names and symbols by blacks. But blacks successfully fought back. Employing lawyers who in some cases went on to work for the NAACP, black fraternalists took their cases all the way to the Supreme Court, which eventually ruled in their favor. At the height of the modern Civil Rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s, they marched on Washington and supported the lawsuits through lobbying and demonstrations that finally led to legal equality. This unique book reveals a little-known chapter in the story of civic democracy and racial equality in America.