Download or read book Rule Based Financing Versus Political Competition in the Municipal Bond Market written by Marian Moszoro and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the link between the choice of rule-based financing instruments and political competition using the municipal bond market. Cities, counties, and states issue municipal bonds to raise money for public projects. These securities comprise a substantial fraction of the overall American securities market. In 2015, the municipal bond market accounted for $3.7 trillion, roughly 10% of the American public debt. Is the choice of municipal financing instruments driven solely by efficiency factors as in private corporations? At the risk of oversimplification, municipal bonds can be categorized in two main types: general obligation (G.O.) bonds and revenue bonds. These two types of bonds have different contractual characteristics. G.O. pledge to all forms of city finances (including general tax revenues) and their proceeds can be used at the discretion of the elected official. G.O. bond issues must be approved in referenda and, in most jurisdictions, are subject to legislated debt limits (Rugh and Trounstine 2011). In contrast, revenue bond proceeds are earmarked for specific purposes and are backed by specific revenue streams, normally from the investment project they finance. Revenue bond issues do not require approval in referenda and are excluded from debt ceiling calculations. Due to their restricted collateral, however, revenue bonds are more expensive (must pay higher interest rate) than comparable G.O. bonds (Edwards 2008). Therefore, tradeoffs emerge between disbursement discretion, financial cost, and political oversight. For example, by selecting revenue bond financing and accepting the cost of higher bond yields, a politician can self-restrict the scope of her discretion to avoid public scrutiny through a contested referendum and insulate herself from a charge of improper use of public monies.
Download or read book Political Competition and Rule Based Financing in the Municipal Bond Market written by Marian W. Moszoro and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I study the link between the choice of rule-based contracts and political competition through the municipal bond market. I provide evidence that when the probability of losing office is high, mayors are more likely to issue revenue bonds over general obligation bonds and to choose competitive bidding over negotiated sales. This relationship can help explain trends in public financing and spending. The choice of revenue bonds and competitive bidding insulates public officials from referendum checks and allegations of impropriety but requires higher interest rates and administrative costs.
Download or read book Political Bonds written by Abhay Aneja and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the link between the choice of rule-based public contracts and political hazards using the municipal bond market. While general obligation bonds are serviced from all municipal revenue streams and offer elected officials financial flexibility, revenue bonds limit the discretion that political agents have in repaying debt as well as the use of revenues from the projects financed by the debt. We predict that public officials choose revenue bonds when elections are very contested to signal trustworthiness and transparency in contracting to the voter. We test this hypothesis on municipal finance data that includes 6,500 bond issuances nationwide as well as election data on over 400 cities over 20 years. We provide evidence that in politically contested cities, mayors are more likely to issue revenue bonds. The correlation is economically significant: a close victory margin of winning candidates and more partisan swings increases the probability of debt being issued as a revenue bond by 3-15% and the probability of issuing bonds through competitive bids by 7%. We test a few additional hypotheses that strengthen the argument that the choice of revenue bonds is a political risk adaptation of public agents so as to signal commitment and lower the likelihood of successful political challenges of misuse of funds.
Download or read book The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds written by SIFMA and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive new edition of the most trusted book on municipal bonds As of the end of 1998, municipal bonds, issued by state or local governments to finance public works programs, such as the building of schools, streets, and electrical grids, totaled almost $1.5 trillion in outstanding debt, a number that has only increased over time. The market for these bonds is comprised of many types of professionals—investment bankers, underwriters, traders, analysts, attorneys, rating agencies, brokers, and regulators—who are paid interest and principal according to a fixed schedule. Intended for investment professionals interested in how US municipal bonds work, The Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds, Sixth Edition explains the bond contract and recent changes in this market, providing investors with the information and tools they need to make bonds reliable parts of their portfolios. The market is very different from when the fifth edition was published more than ten years ago, and this revision reasserts Fundamentals of Municipal Bonds as the preeminent text in the field Explores the basics of municipal securities, including the issuers, the primary market, and the secondary market Key areas, such as investing in bonds, credit analysis, interest rates, and regulatory and disclosure requirements, are covered in detail This revised edition includes appendixes, a glossary, and a list of financial products related to applying the fundamentals of municipal bonds An official book of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) With today's financial market in recovery and still highly volatile, investors are looking for a safe and steady way to grow their money without having to invest in stocks. The bond market has always been a safe haven, although confusing new bonds and bond funds make it increasingly difficult for unfamiliar investors to decide on the most suitable fixed income investments.
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Download or read book Guide to Municipal Finance written by Naomi Enid Slack and published by UN-HABITAT. This book was released on 2009 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report written by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.
Download or read book Finance for City Leaders Handbook written by Marco Kamiya and published by UN. This book was released on 2016 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finance for City Leaders presents an up-to-date, comprehensive, and in-depth analysis of the challenges posed by rapid urbanization and the various financing tools municipalities have at their disposal.
Download or read book Guidance Note For Developing Government Local Currency Bond Markets written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance note was prepared by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank Group staff under a project undertaken with the support of grants from the Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative, (FIRST).The aim of the project was to deliver a report that provides emerging market and developing economies with guidance and a roadmap in developing their local currency bond markets (LCBMs). This note will also inform technical assistance missions in advising authorities on the formulation of policies to deepen LCBMs.
Download or read book SEC Docket written by United States. Securities and Exchange Commission and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Securities Industry Essentials Exam For Dummies with Online Practice written by Steven M. Rice and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get ready to qualify for the security industry job of your dreams The Securities Industry Essentials (SIE) Exam is a new test administered by FINRA beginning in October 2018. This exam is required as a prerequisite to each series level knowledge exam (such as Series 7). If you’re prepping for the exam, you need a trusted resource to ensure your very best performance. Securities Industry Essentials Exam For Dummies with Online Practice gives you everything you need to score high on this important exam. With two practice tests in the book, plus two bonus tests online, you can practice your way to a calm and confident experience on exam day. Take 4 full-length practice tests with answers and full explanations Get 1-year access to practice and tests online Find strategies and tips for breaking into the securities industry Increase your chances of scoring higher SIE scores are expected to be a critical factor in determining qualification to enter the securities industry, so the stakes are high. With the help of this book, you’ll up your chances of breaking into this field and landing your dream job.
Download or read book Financing Metropolitan Governments in Developing Countries written by Roy W. Bahl and published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy. This book was released on 2013 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic activity that drives growth in developing countries is heavily concentrated in cities. Catchphrases such as “metropolitan areas are the engines that pull the national economy” turn out to be fairly accurate. But the same advantages of metropolitan areas that draw investment also draw migrants who need jobs and housing, lead to demands for better infrastructure and social services, and result in increased congestion, environmental harm, and social problems. The challenges for metropolitan public finance are to capture a share of the economic growth to adequately finance new and growing expenditures and to organize governance so that services can be delivered in a cost-effective way, giving the local population a voice in fiscal decision making. At the same time, care must be taken to avoid overregulation and overtaxation, which will hamper the now quite mobile economic engine of private investment and entrepreneurial initiative. Metropolitan planning has become a reality in most large urban areas, even though the planning agencies are often ineffective in moving things forward and in linking their plans with the fiscal and financial realities of metropolitan government. A growing number of success stories in metropolitan finance and management, together with accumulated experience and proper efforts and support, could be extended to a broader array of forward-looking programs to address the growing public service needs of metropolitan-area populations. Nevertheless, sweeping metropolitan-area fiscal reforms have been few and far between; the urban policy reform agenda is still a long one; and there is a reasonable prospect that closing the gaps between what we know how to do and what is actually being done will continue to be difficult and slow. This book identifies the most important issues in metropolitan governance and finance in developing countries, describes the practice, explores the gap between practice and what theory suggests should be done, and lays out the reform paths that might be considered. Part of the solution will rest in rethinking expenditure assignments and instruments of finance. The “right” approach also will depend on the flexibility of political leaders to relinquish some control in order to find a better solution to the metropolitan finance problem.
Download or read book Wall Street Versus America written by Gary Weiss and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2007 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From an award-winning investigative journalist comes a shocking appraisal that shows how Wall Street is intrinsically corrupt--and what individual investors can do to protect themselves.
Download or read book ECIW2009 8th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security written by Henrique Santos and published by Academic Conferences Limited. This book was released on 2009 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee Second Session 105th Congress written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alexander Hamilton on Finance Credit and Debt written by Richard Sylla and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A treasure trove for financial and public policy geeks . . . will also help lay readers go beyond the hit musical in understanding Hamilton’s lasting significance.” —Publishers Weekly While serving as the first treasury secretary from 1789 to 1795, Alexander Hamilton engineered a financial revolution. He established the treasury debt market, the dollar, and a central bank, while strategically prompting private entrepreneurs to establish securities markets and stock exchanges and encouraging state governments to charter a number of commercial banks and other business corporations. Yet despite a recent surge of interest in Hamilton, US financial modernization has not been fully recognized as one of his greatest achievements. This book traces the development of Hamilton’s financial thinking, policies, and actions through a selection of his writings. Financial historians and Hamilton experts Richard Sylla and David J. Cowen provide commentary that demonstrates the impact Hamilton had on the modern economic system, guiding readers through Hamilton’s distinguished career. It showcases Hamilton’s thoughts on the nation’s founding, the need for a strong central government, problems such as a depreciating paper currency and weak public credit, and the architecture of the financial system. His great state papers on public credit, the national bank, the mint, and manufactures instructed reform of the nation’s finances and jumpstarted economic growth. Hamilton practiced what he preached: he played a key role in the founding of three banks and a manufacturing corporation—and his deft political maneuvering and economic savvy saved the fledgling republic’s economy during the country’s first full-blown financial crisis in 1792. “A fascinating examination of Hamiltonian economics.” —The Washington Times
